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6 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 782 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ruffolo v. Oppenheimer & Company.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruffolo v. Oppenheimer & Company Anchor | green | “where it appears that granting leave to amend is unlikely to be productive, . . . it is not an abuse of discretion to deny leave to amend.” | 294 |
| 2 | Gregory Branum v. Clifford Clark, David Hanson, Paul Szarmach, George Stein, and Ross Geoghegan | green | “when a liberal reading of the complaint gives any indication that a valid claim might be stated.” | 149 |
| 3 | Cortec Industries, Inc. v. Sum Holding L.P. | green | “of course, where a plaintiff is unable to allege any fact sufficient to support its claim, a complaint should be dismissed with prejudice.” | 113 |
| 4 | Hernandez v. Coughlin | green | “in reviewing a complaint . . . the court must accept the material facts alleged in the complaint as true and construe all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor.” | 107 |
| 5 | Louis Gomez v. Usaa Federal Savings Bank and Janette Adger Mills | green | “unless the court can rule out any possibility, however unlikely it might be, that an amended complaint would be successful in stating a claim” | 81 |
| 6 | Pedro Pino v. Patrick Ryan, Deputy Superintendent of Programs, and David Barrenger, Senior Recreation Supervisor at Washington Correctional Facility | green | “the decision that a complaint is based on an indisputably meritless legal theory for purposes of dismissal under section 1915(d), may be based upon a defense that appears on the face of the complaint.” | 38 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.