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2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 81 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Nassar Afshar v. Department of State.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nassar Afshar v. Department of State Anchor | green | “a plaintiff asserting a claim of prior disclosure must bear the initial burden of pointing to specific information in the public domain that appears to duplicate that being withheld.” | 61 |
| 2 | Cottone, Salvatore v. Reno, Janet | green | “where information requested 'is truly public, then enforcement of an exemption cannot fulfill its purposes.” | 20 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.