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9 canonical passages across 8 cases, quoted by 531 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hallinan v. Fraternal Order of Police of Chicago Lodge No. 7.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hallinan v. Fraternal Order of Police of Chicago Lodge No. 7 Anchor | green | “challenges the sufficiency of the complaint to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.” | 208 |
| 2 | Brooks v. Ross | green | “reflects a liberal notice pleading regime, which is intended to 'focus litigation on the merits of a claim' rather than on technicalities that might keep plaintiffs out of court.” | 121 |
| 3 | Tamayo v. Blagojevich | green | “a 'short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,' sufficient to provide the defendant with 'fair notice' of the claim and its basis.” | 65 |
| 4 | Joanne Kaminski v. Elite Staffing, Inc. | green | “short, plain, and plausible factual narrative that conveys a story that holds together.” | 48 |
| 5 | Swanson v. Citibank, N.A. | green | “should decide whose version to believe, or which version is more likely than not.” | 41 |
| 6 | Center for Dermatology and Ski v. Sylvia Mathews Burwell | green | “motions to dismiss under rule 12(b)(1) are meant to test the sufficiency of the complaint, not to decide the merits of the case.” | 22 |
| 7 | Reger Development, LLC v. National City Bank | green | “consider documents attached to the complaint as part of the complaint itself.” | 11 |
| 8 | Reger Development, LLC v. National City Bank | green | “in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, accepting well-pleaded facts as true, and drawing all inferences in her favor.” | 10 |
| 9 | Miko Thomas v. JBS Green Bay, Inc. | green | “lay out every element or ingredient” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.