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9 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 540 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Knights.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Knights Anchor | green | “the touchstone of the fourth amendment is reasonableness, and the reasonableness of a search is determined 'by assessing, on the one hand, the degree to which it intrudes upon an individual's privacy and, on the other, the degree to which it is needed for the promotion of legiti…” | 146 |
| 2 | United States v. Knights | green | “inherent in the very nature of probation is that probationers do not enjoy the absolute liberty to which every citizen is entitled.” | 98 |
| 3 | United States v. Knights | green | “when an officer has reasonable suspicion that a probationer subject to a search condition is engaged in criminal activity, there is enough likelihood that criminal conduct is occurring that an intrusion on the probationer's significantly diminished privacy interests is reasonabl…” | 80 |
| 4 | Griffin v. Wisconsin | green | “a state's operation of a probation system ... presents 'special needs' beyond normal law enforcement that may justify departures from the usual warrant and probable-cause requirements.” | 66 |
| 5 | Griffin v. Wisconsin | green | “special need' of the state permitting a degree of impingement upon privacy that would not be constitutional if applied to the public at large.” | 59 |
| 6 | Griffin v. Wisconsin | green | “a probationer's home, like anyone else's, is protected by the fourth amendment's requirement that searches be 'reasonable.” | 47 |
| 7 | Samson v. California | green | “parolees have fewer expectations of privacy than probationers, because parole is more akin to imprisonment than probation is to imprisonment.” | 21 |
| 8 | Samson v. California | green | “the fourth amendment does not prohibit a police officer from conducting a suspicionless search of a parolee.” | 20 |
| 9 | Carchedi v. Rhodes | green | “offering to allow the prisoner to regain his or her freedom in return for a promise to abide by rules which, to a greater or lesser extent, limit the exercise of fundamental rights.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.