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26 canonical passages across 19 cases, quoted by 2,360 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from In re White.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In re White Anchor | green | “the trial court may also consider a parent's history of domestic violence, the parent's compliance with his or her case service plan, the parent's visitation history with the child, the children's well-being while in care, and the possibility of adoption.” | 352 |
| 2 | In Re BZ | green | “a finding of fact is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court has a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to the trial court's special opportunity to observe the witnesses.” | 291 |
| 3 | In re Olive/Metts Minors | green | “once a statutory ground for termination has been proven, the trial court must find that termination is in the child's best interests before it can terminate parental rights.” | 290 |
| 4 | In re White | green | “the trial court should weigh all the evidence available to determine the children's best interests.” | 236 |
| 5 | In re VanDalen | green | “in order to terminate parental rights, the trial court must find by clear and convincing evidence that at least one of the statutory grounds for termination in mcl 712a.19b(3) has been met.” | 192 |
| 6 | In re White | green | “the child's bond to the parent, the parent's parenting ability, the child's need for permanency, stability, and finality, and the advantages of a foster home over the parent's home.” | 177 |
| 7 | In re Moss | green | “whether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence.” | 96 |
| 8 | In re Ellis | green | “only one statutory ground need be established by clear and convincing evidence to terminate a respondent's parental rights, even if the court erroneously found sufficient evidence under other statutory grounds.” | 91 |
| 9 | In re Moss | green | “to terminate parental rights, a trial court must find by clear and convincing evidence that at least one statutory ground under mcl 712a.19b(3) has been established.” | 89 |
| 10 | In re Gonzales/Martinez | green | “even if the trial court finds that the department has established a ground for termination by clear and convincing evidence, it cannot terminate the parent's parental rights unless it also finds by a preponderance of the evidence that termination is in the best interests of the …” | 79 |
| 11 | In re Hudson | green | “a finding is clearly erroneous if, although there is evidence to support it, this court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” | 64 |
| 12 | In Re BZ | green | “we review the trial court's decision to exercise jurisdiction for clear error in light of the court's findings of fact.” | 59 |
| 13 | In Re Rood | green | “appellate courts are obliged to defer to a trial court's factual findings at termination proceedings if those findings do not constitute clear error.” | 43 |
| 14 | In Re Williams | green | “clear error signifies a decision that strikes us as more than just maybe or probably wrong.” | 42 |
| 15 | In re Ellis | green | “to terminate parental rights, the trial court must find that at least one of the statutory grounds for termination in mcl 712a.19b(3) has been proved by clear and convincing evidence.” | 41 |
| 16 | In re LaFrance Minors | green | “a finding is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” | 32 |
| 17 | In Re MU | green | “speaks in the present tense, and, therefore, the trial court must examine the child's situation at the time the petition was filed.” | 29 |
| 18 | In Re BZ | green | “to properly exercise jurisdiction, the trial court must find that a statutory basis for jurisdiction exists.” | 24 |
| 19 | In Re Trejo Minors | red | “review for clear error . . . the court's decision regarding the child's best interests.” | 24 |
| 20 | in Re hicks/brown Minors | green | “efforts at reunification cannot be reasonable under the probate code if the dhhs has failed to modify its standard procedures in ways that are reasonably necessary to accommodate a disability under the ada.” | 21 |
| 21 | In re Medina | green | “in making its best-interest determination, the trial court may consider the whole record, including evidence introduced by any party.” | 21 |
| 22 | In re Gonzales/Martinez | green | “a child's placement with relatives is a factor that the trial court is required to consider.” | 20 |
| 23 | In Re Fried | green | “reasonable efforts were made to preserve and reunify the family.” | 18 |
| 24 | In Re SLH, AJH, & VAH | green | “in order to find that a child comes within the court's jurisdiction, at least one statutory ground for jurisdiction contained in mcl 712a.2(b) must be proven, either at trial or by plea.” | 16 |
| 25 | In Re AMAC | green | “during the adjudicative phase, a trial may be held to determine whether any of the statutory grounds alleged in the petition have been proven.” | 7 |
| 26 | In re COH | green | “thus, under the clear-error standard, a reviewing court should not substitute its judgment on questions of fact unless the factual determination clearly preponderates in the opposite direction.” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.