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4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 2,347 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Farmer v. Brennan.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Farmer v. Brennan Anchor | green | “the denial of the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities.” | 1,440 |
| 2 | Herbert L. Board v. Karl Farnham, Jr. | green | “acted in an intentional or criminally reckless manner, i.e., the defendant must have known that the plaintiff was at serious risk of being harmed and decided not to do anything to prevent that harm from occurring even though he could have easily done so.” | 398 |
| 3 | Hendrickson v. Cooper | green | “used force not in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, but maliciously and sadistically to cause harm.” | 318 |
| 4 | Whitley v. Albers | red | “after incarceration, only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by the eighth amendment.” | 191 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.