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13 canonical passages across 10 cases, quoted by 2,262 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side: they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams Anchor | green | “the presence or absence of federal-question jurisdiction is governed by the 'well-pleaded complaint rule,' which provides that federal jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of the plaintiff's properly pleaded complaint.” | 1,456 |
| 2 | Caterpillar Inc. v. Williams | green | “the rule makes the plaintiff the master of the claim; he or she may avoid federal jurisdiction by exclusive reliance on state law.” | 365 |
| 3 | Image Software, Inc. v. Reynolds & Reynolds Co. | green | “federal courts 'have an independent obligation to determine whether subject-matter jurisdiction exists, even in the absence of a challenge from any party,' and thus a court may sua sponte raise the question of whether there is subject matter jurisdiction 'at any stage in the lit…” | 132 |
| 4 | Dutcher v. Matheson | green | “complete diversity is lacking when any of the plaintiffs has the same residency as even a single defendant.” | 95 |
| 5 | Siloam Springs Hotel, L.L.C. v. Century Surety Co. | green | “an individual's residence is not equivalent to her domicile and it is domicile that is relevant for determining citizenship.” | 65 |
| 6 | Middleton Ex Rel. National Financial Systems Management, Inc. v. Stephenson | green | “start with the rule that a party invoking diversity jurisdiction bears the burden of proving its existence by a preponderance of the evidence.” | 41 |
| 7 | Middleton Ex Rel. National Financial Systems Management, Inc. v. Stephenson | green | “the party's current residence; voter registration and voting practices; situs of personal and real property; location of brokerage and bank accounts; membership in unions, fraternal organizations, churches, clubs, and other associations; place of employment or business; driver's…” | 30 |
| 8 | Grynberg Ex Rel. Trust v. Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P. | green | “in general, for jurisdictional citizenship, there are two types of business organizations: corporations and unincorporated associations.” | 19 |
| 9 | Celli v. Shoell | green | “mere conclusory allegations of jurisdiction are not enough; the party pleading jurisdiction 'must allege in his pleading the facts essential to show jurisdiction.” | 19 |
| 10 | Nicodemus v. Union Pacific Corp. | green | “plaintiff's cause of action must either be (i) created by federal law, or (ii) if it is a state-created cause of action, 'its resolution must necessarily turn on a substantial question of federal law.” | 13 |
| 11 | Nicodemus v. Union Pacific Corp. | green | “it is well settled that 'a defense that raises a federal question is inadequate to confer federal jurisdiction.” | 10 |
| 12 | Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Martinez | green | “any statements in the complaint which go beyond a statement of the plaintiffs claim and anticipate or reply to a probable defense are to be disregarded” | 10 |
| 13 | Olsen v. Quality Continuum Hospice, Inc. | green | “united states social security act of 1968 and . . . the medicare program,” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment: for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.