25 C.F.R. § 23.106
How does this subpart interact with State and Federal laws?
(a) The regulations in this subpart provide minimum Federal standards to ensure compliance with ICWA.
(b) Under section 1921 of ICWA, where applicable State or other Federal law provides a higher standard of protection to the rights of the parent or Indian custodian than the protection accorded under the Act, ICWA requires the State or Federal court to apply the higher State or Federal standard.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 13
cases (10 in the last 5 years), 2019–2026 · leading case: In the Interest of Z.F., a Child v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2025).
In the Interest of Z.F., a Child v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2025). “”); 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 ; M.Y., 667 S.W.3d at 508.”
Dependency Of: Z.j.g. 9/3/16, Scott James Greer v. Dshs (Wash. Ct. App. 2019). “”)); 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (‘(a) The regulations in this subpart provide minimum Federal standards to ensure compliance with ICWA.”
In re D.S. (Cal. Ct. App. 2020). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 ; see In re Elizabeth M.”
In Re P.K. ca4/2 (Cal. Ct. App. 2022). “; 25 C.F.R. 23.106(b); see § 224, subd. (d); In re A.”
In re Clare M. CA1/2 (Cal. Ct. App. 2023). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 .) California has adopted statutes and rules that “implement, interpret, and enlarge upon” ICWA.”
In re Dezi C. (Cal. 2024). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024); see also In re Elizabeth M.”
In re Dezi C. (Cal. 2024). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024); see also In re Elizabeth M.”
In Re A.S. ca2/4 (Cal. Ct. App. 2025). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024); see also In re Elizabeth M.”
In re Ja.O. (Cal. 2025). “§ 1903 (1); 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024).) To that end, California law imposes “an affirmative and continuing duty” on the court, county welfare department, and probation department “to inquire whether a child for whom a [dependency] petition .”
In Re A.H. Ca3 (Cal. Ct. App. 2025). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024).) “The issue of whether ICWA applies in dependency proceedings turns on whether the minor is an Indian child.”
In Re A.B. ca4/2 (Cal. Ct. App. 2026). “§§ 1902 , 1903(1); 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2025).) To that end, California law imposes an affirmative and continuing duty on the court and child services agencies such as the Department to conduct ICWA inquiries to determine whether a child for whom a section 300 juvenile dependency…”
In re Al.W. CA3 (Cal. Ct. App. 2026). “§ 1921 ; 25 C.F.R. § 23.106 (2024).) “The issue of whether ICWA applies in dependency proceedings turns on whether the minor is an Indian child.”
— 25 C.F.R. § 23.106(b) — 1 case
In Re P.K. ca4/2 (Cal. Ct. App. 2022). “; 25 C.F.R. 23.106(b); see § 224, subd. (d); In re A.”
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