C.F.R. » Title 31 » CHAPTER V—OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY › PART 560—IRANIAN TRANSACTIONS AND SANCTIONS REGULATIONS › Subpart B—Prohibitions

31 C.F.R. § 560.203

Evasions; attempts; causing violations; conspiracies

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(a) Any transaction on or after the effective date that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this part is prohibited.

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this part is prohibited.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 16 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1998–2025 · leading case: Campuzano v. Alavi Found., 830 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2016).
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Campuzano v. Alavi Found., 830 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2016). · cites it 2× “[ 31 C.F.R. §560.203 (2012). 19 ] (2) [T]he exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any goods, technology, or services to Iran or the Government of Iran is prohibited,…”
United States v. Atilla, 966 F.3d 118 (2d Cir. 2020). · cites it 3× “31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 (a), 561.220(a); Exec.”
Epsilon Elec., Inc. v. United States Dep't of the Treasury, 857 F.3d 913 (D.C. Cir. 2017). · cites it 2× “See 31 C.F.R. § 560.203 (a) (prohibiting any transaction that “attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this part”).”
United States v. Quinn, 401 F. Supp. 2d 80 (D.D.C. 2005). · cites it 3× “For each count, the government cites to the same three provisions of the ITR to indicate which IEEPA-based regulations defendants are accused of “willfully violat[ing], or willfully attempting] to violate” in contravention of § 1705(b) — 31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 , 21 560.204, 22 and…”
United States v. Mohammad Reza Ehsan, 163 F.3d 855 (4th Cir. 1998). · cites it 2× “Ehsan claimed that Executive Order 12959 and its implementing regulations, 31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 -.205, .406, were ambiguous.”
United States v. Randy Reyes, 270 F.3d 1158 (7th Cir. 2001). “§ 2 , 31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 , 560.204, and Executive Orders 12957 and 12959.”
United States v. Mousavi, 604 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2010). · cites it 2× “” 31 C.F.R. § 560.203 . The ITR provide for a process by which one may obtain a license from OF AC to conduct transactions otherwise prohibited by the ITR.”
United States v. $396,589 in U.S. Funds, 349 F. Supp. 3d 13 (D.C. Cir. 2018). · cites it 2× “any of the [regulation's] prohibitions," 31 C.F.R. § 560.203 (a) (2018), including "the exportation .”
United States v. Mark Mason Alexander, 782 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2015). · cites it 2× “§ 1705 , associated regulations, 31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 -.204, and the federal conspiracy statute, 18 U.”
United States v. Homa Int'l Trading Corp., Mazyar Gavidel, 387 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2004). “§§ 1702 , 1705(b), Executive Order 12959, and 31 C.F.R. §§ 560.203 , 560.204, and 560.406(b).”
In Re 650 Fifth Ave. & Related Props., 777 F. Supp. 2d 529 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). “” 31 C.F.R. § 560.203 . The government does not appear to rely on these provisions and the claimants do not devote much attention to addressing them.”
Shanehsaz v. Johnson, 259 F. Supp. 3d 894 (S.D. Ind. 2017). · cites it 2× “” 31 C.F.R. § 560.203 . Sections 207 and 543 in turn prohibit new investments , in Iran in general, id.”
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