The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLVI
CRIMES

Chapter 798
ADULTERY; LEWD AND LASCIVIOUS BEHAVIOR

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CHAPTER 798

ADULTERY; LEWD AND LASCIVIOUS BEHAVIOR

798.01 Living in open adultery.

798.02 Lewd and lascivious behavior.

798.01 Living in open adultery.—Whoever lives in an open state of adultery shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. Where either of the parties living in an open state of adultery is married, both parties so living shall be deemed to be guilty of the offense provided for in this section.

History.—s. 1, ch. 1986, 1874; RS 2595; GS 3518; RGS 5406; CGL 7549; s. 772, ch. 71-136.

798.02 Lewd and lascivious behavior.—If any man or woman, married or unmarried, engages in open and gross lewdness and lascivious behavior, they shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 6, ch. 1637, 1868; RS 2596; GS 3519; RGS 5407; CGL 7550; s. 773, ch. 71-136; s. 1, ch. 2016-188.

F.S. 798 on Google Scholar

F.S. 798 on Casetext

Amendments to 798

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 798

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S798.01 - SEX OFFENSE - ADULTERY - M: S

S798.02 - LEWD LASCV BEHAVIOR - MAN WOMAN MARRIED UNMARR ENGAG OPEN LEWD LASCV - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Locke , 540 U.S. at 725, 124 S.Ct. 1307 ; see, e.g. , Nyquist , 413 U.S. at 794-798, 93 S.Ct. 2955 ; . . .

J. LOMAX, v. ORTIZ- MARQUEZ,, 140 S. Ct. 1721 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 203, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . .

ST. HUBERT v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 1727 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jefferson County , 517 U.S. 793, 798, 116 S.Ct. 1761, 135 L.Ed.2d 76 (1996), issue preclusion can bind . . . a suit only when certain minimum requirements, consistent with due process, have been met, id. , at 798 . . .

WEXFORD HEALTH, v. GARRETT, 140 S. Ct. 1611 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007), characterized this language as "boilerplate . . .

KANSAS, v. GLOVER, 140 S. Ct. 1183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ross , 456 U.S 798, 801, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572 (1982) (officer pulled alongside car and noticed . . .

BAY POINT PROPERTIES, INCORPORATED, v. MISSISSIPPI TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION,, 140 S. Ct. 2566 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-798. Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Oregon , 343 U.S. 790, 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002, 96 L.Ed. 1302 (1952) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Leland , 343 U.S. at 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002 ; see supra , at 1030. . . . Leland , 343 U.S. at 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002. And he cannot. . . . Oregon , 343 U.S. 790, 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002, 96 L.Ed. 1302 (1952) (quoting Snyder v. . . . the traditions and conscience of our people as to be ranked as fundamental.' " Leland , 343 U.S. at 798 . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bay Mills Indian Community , 572 U.S. 782, 798, 134 S.Ct. 2024, 188 L.Ed.2d 1071 (2014). . . .

MCKINNEY, v. ARIZONA, 140 S. Ct. 702 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ryan , 813 F.3d 798, 804. . . . Ryan , 813 F.3d 798, 804, 822-823 (CA9 2015). . . .

MONASKY, v. TAGLIERI, 140 S. Ct. 719 (U.S. 2020)

. . . D. 798, 809-810, ¶7.7 (H. K.); Punter v. Secretary for Justice , [2007] 1 N. Z. L. . . .

RIDGELL, v. CITY OF PINE BLUFF, A In, 935 F.3d 633 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Heller , 475 U.S. 796, 798-99, 106 S.Ct. 1571, 89 L.Ed.2d 806 (1986) (per curiam). . . . See Heller , 475 U.S. at 798-99, 106 S.Ct. 1571 ; Aspen Skiing Co. v. . . . inflicted no constitutional injury" was "conclusive" as to the municipality's liability, 475 U.S. at 798 . . . See Heller , 475 U.S. at 798-99, 106 S.Ct. 1571. . . . See Heller , 475 U.S. at 798-99, 106 S.Ct. 1571 ; De Feliciano , 873 F.2d at 452. * * * The judgment . . .

TIMS, v. LGE COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION,, 935 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Servs. , 340 Ga.App. 534, 798 S.E.2d 37, 41 (2017) (canon applicable in contract as well as statutory . . .

SCHINK, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 935 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bowen, 798 F.2d 818, 821 (5th Cir.1986) (noting that although "symptom-free periods may negate a finding . . .

PANAH, v. CHAPPELL,, 935 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 798 F.2d 374, 376 (9th Cir. 1986) ), we believe the state court reasonably rejected Panah's . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois , 484 U.S. 400, 410, 108 S.Ct. 646, 98 L.Ed.2d 798 (1988) ("The accused does not have an unfettered . . .

SEMPLE, a a k a a v. GRISWOLD, Be USA A., 934 F.3d 1134 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 798 F.3d 938, 951 (10th Cir. 2015). . . .

UNITED STATES v. HAWKINS, a. k. a. D III, a. k. a., 934 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kilpatrick , 798 F.3d 365, 380-81 (6th Cir. 2015) (same); United States v. . . .

SCRIMO, v. LEE,, 935 F.3d 103 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois, 484 U.S. 400, 410, 108 S.Ct. 646, 98 L.Ed.2d 798 (1988). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 798 F.3d 1108, 1116 (D.C. Cir. 2015) ; In re Whirlpool Corp. . . .

REGAN v. CITY OF HAMMOND, INDIANA,, 934 F.3d 700 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 798 (N.D. Ind. 2018). . . .

TURCO v. CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY,, 935 F.3d 155 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . (quoting Ward , 491 U.S. at 798, 109 S.Ct. 2746 ). Id. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MERRITT,, 934 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rivera-Constantino, 798 F.3d 900, 903-04 (9th Cir. 2015) (concluding there is no need to ascertain whether . . .

NEW YORK STATE CITIZENS COALITION FOR CHILDREN, v. J. POOLE,, 935 F.3d 56 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Health & Human Servs. , 798 F.2d 57, 59 (2d Cir. 1986). . . .

UNITED STATES v. NORMAN,, 935 F.3d 232 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rivera-Constantino , 798 F.3d 900, 904 (9th Cir. 2015) ; United States v. . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . First, the defendants argue that under In re Musical Instruments & Equipment Antitrust Litigation , 798 . . . Antitrust Litig. , 798 F.3d 1186, 1191 (9th Cir. 2015). . . .

MUHAMMAD, v. MAYFIELD,, 933 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MARCHAN,, 935 F.3d 540 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cavender , 228 F.3d 792, 798 (7th Cir. 2000) ("The district court retains wide latitude to impose reasonable . . .

SHIFFLETT, v. Mr. KORSZNIAK, SCI Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. P., 934 F.3d 356 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 219-20, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 216, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Barnhart , 409 F.3d 798, 804 (7th Cir.2005) ; Mueller v. Astrue , 860 F. Supp. 2d 615, 633 (N.D. . . .

CHAVEZ, De E. De De De v. OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a, 933 F.3d 186 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 798, 813-15 (S.D. Tex. 2004). . . .

J. DOHERTY, v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 932 F.3d 978 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Standard Outdoor Sales, Inc. , 232 Ill.App.3d 500, 173 Ill.Dec. 798, 597 N.E.2d 772, 775 (1992), rev'd . . .

MCDONOUGH A. v. CYCLING SPORTS GROUP, INC. Co., 392 F. Supp. 3d 320 (W.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 792, 798 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) (quotation marks and citation omitted), aff'd , 660 F. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BANYAN, 933 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Edelkind , 467 F.3d 791, 798 (1st Cir. 2006) (evidence "that a [bank] (not just its subsidiary) signed . . .

BENAVIDEZ v. HOWARD,, 931 F.3d 1225 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 798 F.2d 565, 572 (2d Cir. 1986). . . . Barrett , 798 F.2d at 572 (citation and ellipses omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. RIVERA- CARRASQUILLO, a k a KX, a k a a k a a k a n V a k a, 933 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . See U.S.S.G., Supplement to Appendix C, Amend. 798 at 119 (2018). . . .

BREDA, v. CELLCO PARTNERSHIP, d b a, 934 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . ACT, Inc., 798 F.3d 46, 50-51 (1st Cir. 2015). . . .

PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, v. BEACH MART, INC. L L, 932 F.3d 268 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 670, 798. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PORTER,, 933 F.3d 226 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 798, 804, 200 L.Ed.2d 37 (2018) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hinds , 101 Mass. 209, 210 (1869) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIERRA, AKA AKA AKA AKA AKA AKA AKA AKA AKA, 933 F.3d 95 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . such defendants' "culpability is plainly different from that of [defendants] who killed." 458 U.S. at 798 . . .

SIMMONS, v. SAFEWAY, INC. d b a a, 388 F. Supp. 3d 1305 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . App. 774, 797-798, 120 P.3d 579 (2005). . . . Estevez, at 798, 120 P.3d 579. . . . discrimination and nondiscrimination, it is the jury's task to choose between such inferences.' " Estevez, at 798 . . . Estevez, at 798, 120 P.3d 579. . . .

K. HASSEN, v. RUSTON LOUISIANA HOSPITAL COMPANY, L. L. C., 932 F.3d 353 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. , 798 F.3d 222, 227 (5th Cir. 2015) ); Paske v. . . . (citing Burton , 798 F.3d at 227 ). Id. (citing Davis v. Dall. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BUCHANAN,, 933 F.3d 501 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at PageID 798. . . . Id. at PageID 798-99. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GONZALES,, 931 F.3d 1219 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robinson , 537 F.3d 798, 802-03 (7th Cir. 2008) )). . . . Robinson , 537 F.3d 798, 802-03 (7th Cir. 2008) ; (2) United States v. . . .

DINE CITIZENS AGAINST RUINING OUR ENVIRONMENT v. BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS U. S. LLC,, 932 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Reagan , 798 F.3d 723, 727 n.3 (9th Cir. 2015). . . .

IN RE SCHATZ, v., 602 B.R. 411 (B.A.P. 1st Cir. 2019)

. . . See, e.g., In re Bronsdon, 435 B.R. at 798 ; Lorenz v. Am. Educ. Servs. . . . See, e.g., In re Bronsdon, 435 B.R. at 798 ; Kopf v. U.S. Dep't of Educ. . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 932 F.3d 114 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Kessler Inst. , 172 N.J. 327, 798 A.2d 1251, 1259-60 (2002) (citation omitted). . . . Wade , 798 A.2d at 1259. 3. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CHARLES, II,, 932 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Maryland , 395 U.S. 784, 798-99, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969) (White, J., concurring) (explaining . . .

UNITED STATES v. TANNER, v., 389 F. Supp. 3d 684 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Mendez-Velarde , 798 F. Supp. 2d 1249, 1256 (D.N.M. 2011). . . .

MEJIA- CASTANON, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 931 F.3d 224 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 798. Petitioner sought review of the Board's decision before this Court. III. . . .

U. S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION, v. MONEX CREDIT COMPANY, 931 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 216, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. COONCE, Jr., 932 F.3d 623 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rodriguez , 581 F.3d 775, 798 (8th Cir. 2009). . . .

DJERF, v. L. RYAN,, 931 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ryan , 813 F.3d 798, 819 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc). . . .

PEREZ, v. ABBOTT,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 803 (W.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Id. at 798. . . .

UNITED STATES v. JENNINGS, Sr., 930 F.3d 1024 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 798, 803, 200 L.Ed.2d 37 (2018). . . .

W. EATON, v. PACHECO,, 931 F.3d 1009 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Trammell , 798 F.3d 1002, 1011 (10th Cir. 2015) (noting that petitioner forfeited argument by failing . . .

UNITED STATES v. LINDSAY,, 931 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bollinger , 798 F.3d 201, 218 (4th Cir. 2015) (same), with United States v. . . . See Durham , 902 F.3d at 1211 ; Bollinger , 798 F.3d at 219. . . . See Durham , 902 F.3d at 1211 ; Bollinger , 798 F.3d at 219 ; see also Fredette, supra , at 9 ("Between . . . Illinois , 484 U.S. 400, 415, 108 S.Ct. 646, 98 L.Ed.2d 798 (1988) ). . . .

CHOW, v. WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 37 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Graham , 798 F.3d 1119, 1129 (D.C. Cir. 2015) (cleaned up). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. GOODRIDGE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 159 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Eberhart , 461 Mass. 809, 965 N.E. 2d 791, 798 (2012) ); see also Commonwealth v. . . .

WEEKS, a. k. a. v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 1263 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Eberhart, 461 Mass. 809, 818, 965 N.E.2d 791, 798 (2012) ; Burke, 390 Mass. at 482, 457 N.E.2d at 624 . . . Ct. 467, 476, 892 N.E.2d 805, 814 (2008) ; accord Eberhart, 461 Mass. at 818, 965 N.E.2d at 798. . . . Eberhart, 461 Mass. at 818, 965 N.E.2d at 798. . . . See Eberhart, 461 Mass. at 818, 965 N.E.2d at 798-99. . . . See Eberhart, 461 Mass. at 818, 965 N.E.2d at 798-99. . . .

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, v. R. LOUDERMILK, Sr. C. B. J. III, W. P. L., 930 F.3d 1280 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Helmy , 258 Ga. 263, 367 S.E.2d 796, 798 n.1 (1988) ). . . .

IN RE A. STEWART, P., 603 B.R. 138 (Bankr. W.D. Okla. 2019)

. . . BAP 1997) ; In re Rotert , 530 B.R. 791, 798 (Bankr. N.D. Okla. 2015) ; Vaughn v. . . . Okla. 2008) ; Rotert , 530 B.R. at 798 ("promotion of the integrity of the judicial system is of paramount . . .

IN RE LICKING RIVER MINING, LLC, v. LLC,, 603 B.R. 336 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2019)

. . . Pryor Cashman LLP (In re Licking River Mining, LLC) , 565 B.R. 794, 798 n.3 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2017). . . . Pryor Cashman , 565 B.R. at 798 n.3. . . .

DE LA FUENTE, v. PADILLA,, 930 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Reagan , 798 F.3d 723, 730 (9th Cir. 2015) ("[Courts] must examine the entire scheme regulating ballot . . .

WONGUS, v. CORRECTIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM CERT CERT s, 389 F. Supp. 3d 294 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 212, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). Compl. ¶¶ 10-11. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. . . .

MARINELARENA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynch , 798 F.3d 863, 868 (9th Cir. 2015). . . .

FLORES, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynch , 798 F.3d 917, 920 (9th Cir. 2015). . . . Lynch , 798 F.3d 876, 881 (9th Cir. 2015) ("[T]he § 1252(a)(2)(C) bar does not apply to the denial of . . . Garcia , 798 F.3d at 880. Flores also makes passing references to Johnson v. . . .

TAYLOR, v. GRUBBS v. LT. SCDC SCDC DOE, DOE, AI v. SCDC LT MR C, 930 F.3d 611 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 204, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007) ; see also Coleman , 135 S. . . .

MORENO GALVEZ, v. T. CUCCINELLI,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 1208 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc., 798 F.3d 809, 813 (9th Cir. 2015) (applying the six-factor test articulated in Telecomm . . .

R. BRADLEY, v. VILLAGE OF UNIVERSITY PARK, ILLINOIS,, 929 F.3d 875 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Natural Resources , 600 F.3d 798, 806 (7th Cir. 2010) ("[B]ecause Ms. . . .

A. SEVER, v. CITY OF SALEM,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 299 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Blum, 744 F.3d at 798. . . . See Blum, 744 F.3d at 798 ("[b]efore the decision in Clapper, this circuit applied an 'objectively reasonable . . .

F. MAY, v. SEGOVIA,, 929 F.3d 1223 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007), as the majority succinctly explains, "the . . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 211, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007) ("There is no question that exhaustion . . .

UNITED STATES v. RANKIN,, 929 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hathaway , 798 F.2d 902, 911 (6th Cir. 1986) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. L. DESOTELL,, 929 F.3d 821 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 798, 805, 200 L.Ed.2d 37 (2018) (citing Haring v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SHIPP,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 300 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 824, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572 (1982). . . . Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 824, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572 (1982) ; see also Blake, 868 F.3d at 974 (citations . . .

BAATZ, v. COLUMBIA GAS TRANSMISSION, LLC,, 929 F.3d 767 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 793, 798, 190 L.Ed.2d 662 (2015) (quoting United States v. Am. Ry. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIELS,, 930 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Scott , 892 F.3d at 798 (quoting United States v. . . .

FORREST, v. PARRY, PHM PHM I- IV, 930 F.3d 93 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Newark , 914 F.3d 789, 798-99 (3d Cir. 2019). . . . forth that an unconstitutional policy or custom of the municipality led to his or her injuries, id. at 798 . . . Id. at 798-99 ("[Plaintiff] has not pled a municipal policy ... . . . Id. at 798 ("[F]or failure-to-train claims ...[,] a plaintiff need not allege an unconstitutional policy . . . See id. at 798-99 ("[Plaintiff] has sufficiently alleged a custom of warrantless or nonconsensual searches . . .

REINALT- THOMAS CORPORATION, d b a v. MAVIS TIRE SUPPLY, LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1261 (N.D. Ga. 2019)

. . . See also Gift of Learning Found., Inc. , 329 F.3d at 798 (noting that the extent to which third parties . . .

SIMON, v. GOVERNMENT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, 929 F.3d 118 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Morelli , 169 F.3d 798, 811 (3d Cir. 1999) (emphasis omitted). . . .

FCS ADVISORS, LLC L. P. v. MISSOURI, 929 F.3d 618 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Missouri , 800 F.2d 798, 801-02 (8th Cir. 1986) (explaining that the plaintiff's section 1981 claim failed . . .

TWUM, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynch, 798 F.3d 30, 32 (1st Cir. 2015) (quoting Urizar-Carrascoza v. . . .

WILLIAMS, v. UTAH DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS B. C. K. s A., 928 F.3d 1209 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . South Carolina Coastal Council , 505 U.S. 1003, 112 S.Ct. 2886, 120 L.Ed.2d 798 (1992), where the Supreme . . .

ARIAS LEIVA, v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . depends on how "the injured party chooses to seek redress." 112 U.S. 580, 598, 5 S.Ct. 247, 28 L.Ed. 798 . . .

MILWAUKEE CENTER FOR INDEPENDENCE, INC. v. MILWAUKEE HEALTH CARE, LLC,, 929 F.3d 489 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rossman , 798 F.3d 502, 507 (7th Cir. 2015). . . .

MIDWEST DISABILITY INITIATIVE v. JANS ENTERPRISES, INC. d b a s, 929 F.3d 603 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jefferson County, 517 U.S. 793, 798, 116 S.Ct. 1761, 135 L.Ed.2d 76 (1996). . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 930 F.3d 174 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Kessler Inst. , 172 N.J. 327, 798 A.2d 1251, 1259-60 (2002) (citation omitted). . . . Wade , 798 A.2d at 1259. 3. . . .

WHITSERVE LLC, v. DONUTS INC. LLC, v. LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 571 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . App'x 797, 798 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (same). . . .

EVANS, v. SANDY CITY, a R. P. C. C. J. E. I- XX,, 928 F.3d 1171 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . government interest that would be achieved less effectively absent the regulation.' " Ward , 491 U.S. at 798 . . . Ward , 491 U.S. at 798, 109 S.Ct. 2746. . . .

ATHENA DIAGNOSTICS, INC. LTD. E. V. v. MAYO COLLABORATIVE SERVICES, LLC,, 927 F.3d 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 82-593, § 103, 66 Stat. 792, 798 (1952); see, e.g. , H.R. 4061, 80th Cong. (1947) (as introduced . . .

UNITED STATES v. SMITH,, 929 F.3d 545 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hartstein , 500 F.3d 790, 798 (8th Cir. 2007) (explaining that the "defendant's actual, subjective intent . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . FERC , 798 F.3d 796, 808 (9th Cir. 2015). . . . Requirements Utils. , 798 F.3d at 809 (determining zone of interests test not satisfied where the plaintiffs . . .

TEXAS, L. L. C. v. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,, 929 F.3d 205 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jefferson Cty. , 517 U.S. 793, 798, 116 S.Ct. 1761, 135 L.Ed.2d 76 (1996) ). . . . CIV . § 2956, at 384-85 (3d ed. 2013) ; see also Richards , 517 U.S. at 798, 116 S.Ct. 1761 ("Of course . . .

UNITED STATES v. MORGAN,, 929 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois, 484 U.S. 400, 417-18, 108 S.Ct. 646, 98 L.Ed.2d 798 (1988) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BELFREY, 928 F.3d 746 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hartstein, 500 F.3d 790, 798 n.3 (8th Cir. 2007) (quoting § 2B1.1 cmt. (n.3(A)(i))). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WARWICK,, 928 F.3d 939 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 798, 806 (E.D.Va. 2005) (consent given thirty minutes after officers arrived; finding of voluntariness . . .

RAULERSON, Jr. v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 987 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Leland , 343 U.S. at 798, 72 S.Ct. 1002. . . . Oregon , 343 U.S. 790, 798-99, 72 S.Ct. 1002, 96 L.Ed. 1302 (1952). We held in Hill v. . . .

ESTATE OF MENDEZ, Sr. Jr. v. CITY OF CERES,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 1189 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . County of Los Angeles , 891 F.3d 776, 798 (9th Cir. 2018). . . . Rodriguez , 891 F.3d at 798 (alterations original) (quoting Starr , 652 F.3d at 1208 ). . . .

D. FIELDS, v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF CITY OF CHICAGO P., 928 F.3d 622 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Children and Family Servs. , 798 F.3d 513, 527 (7th Cir. 2015). . . . See Wright , 798 F.3d at 527 ; Chapin , 621 F.3d at 679 (raised voices and one threat insufficient). . . . See Wright , 798 F.3d at 527 ; Chapin , 621 F.3d at 679-80. . . .

BECK, v. FIGEAC AERO NORTH AMERICAN, INC., 382 F. Supp. 3d 1170 (D. Kan. 2019)

. . . PVNF, L.L.C. , 487 F.3d 790, 798 (10th Cir. 2007) ("We have never held, nor would we, that to be subjected . . .

GREEN, v. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 68 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. 789, 798, and n.15 (1984)). a. . . . Taxpayers for Vincent , 466 U.S. at 798, 104 S.Ct. 2118. . . .