Florida Statutes
Fla. Stat. § 766.31 (2025)
Administrative law judge awards for birth-related neurological injuries; notice of award.
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766.31 Administrative law judge awards for birth-related neurological injuries; notice of award.—
(1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following items relative to such injury:
(a) Actual expenses for medically necessary and reasonable medical and hospital, habilitative and training, family residential or custodial care, professional residential, and custodial care and service, for medically necessary drugs, special equipment, and facilities, and for related travel. At a minimum, compensation must be provided for the following actual expenses:
1. A total annual benefit of up to $10,000 for immediate family members who reside with the infant for psychotherapeutic services obtained from providers licensed under chapter 490 or chapter 491.
2. For the life of the child, providing parents or legal guardians with a reliable method of transportation for the care of the child or reimbursing the cost of upgrading an existing vehicle to accommodate the child’s needs when it becomes medically necessary for wheelchair transportation. The mode of transportation must take into account the special accommodations required for the specific child. The plan may not limit such transportation assistance based on the child’s age or weight. The plan must replace any vans purchased by the plan every 7 years or 150,000 miles, whichever comes first.
3. Housing assistance of up to $100,000 for the life of the child, including home construction and modification costs.
(b) However, the following expenses are not subject to compensation:
1. Expenses for items or services that the infant has received, or is entitled to receive, under the laws of any state or the Federal Government, except to the extent such exclusion may be prohibited by federal law.
2. Expenses for items or services that the infant has received, or is contractually entitled to receive, from any prepaid health plan, health maintenance organization, or other private insuring entity.
3. Expenses for which the infant has received reimbursement, or for which the infant is entitled to receive reimbursement, under the laws of any state or the Federal Government, except to the extent such exclusion may be prohibited by federal law.
4. Expenses for which the infant has received reimbursement, or for which the infant is contractually entitled to receive reimbursement, pursuant to the provisions of any health or sickness insurance policy or other private insurance program.
(c) Expenses included under paragraph (a) are limited to reasonable charges prevailing in the same community for similar treatment of injured persons when such treatment is paid for by the injured person. The parents or legal guardians receiving benefits under the plan may file a petition with the Division of Administrative Hearings to dispute the amount of actual expenses reimbursed or a denial of reimbursement.
(d)1.a. Periodic payments of an award to the parents or legal guardians of the infant found to have sustained a birth-related neurological injury, which award may not exceed $100,000. However, at the discretion of the administrative law judge, such award may be made in a lump sum. Beginning on January 1, 2021, the award may not exceed $250,000, and each January 1 thereafter, the maximum award authorized under this paragraph shall increase by 3 percent.
b. Parents or legal guardians who received an award pursuant to this section before January 1, 2021, must receive a retroactive payment in an amount sufficient to bring the total award paid to the parents or legal guardians pursuant to sub-subparagraph a. to $250,000. This additional payment may be made in a lump sum or in periodic payments as designated by the parents or legal guardians and must be paid by July 1, 2021.
2.a. Death benefit for the infant in an amount of $50,000.
b. Parents or legal guardians who received an award pursuant to this section, and whose child died since the inception of the program, must receive a retroactive payment in an amount sufficient to bring the total award paid to the parents or legal guardians pursuant to sub-subparagraph a. to $50,000. This additional payment may be made in a lump sum or in periodic payments as designated by the parents or legal guardians and must be paid by July 1, 2021.
(e) Reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the filing of a claim under ss. 766.301-766.316, including reasonable attorney’s fees, which shall be subject to the approval and award of the administrative law judge. In determining an award for attorney’s fees, the administrative law judge shall consider the following factors:
1. The time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal services properly.
2. The fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services.
3. The time limitations imposed by the claimant or the circumstances.
4. The nature and length of the professional relationship with the claimant.
5. The experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing services.
6. The contingency or certainty of a fee.
Should there be a final determination of compensability, and the claimants accept an award under this section, the claimants are not liable for any expenses, including attorney fees, incurred in connection with the filing of a claim under ss. 766.301-766.316 other than those expenses awarded under this section.
(2) The award shall require the immediate payment of expenses previously incurred and shall require that future expenses be paid as incurred.
(3) A copy of the award shall be sent immediately by registered or certified mail to each person served with a copy of the petition under s. 766.305(2).
History.—s. 69, ch. 88-1; s. 5, ch. 89-186; s. 22, ch. 91-46; s. 4, ch. 94-106; s. 313, ch. 96-410; s. 150, ch. 2001-277; s. 6, ch. 2002-401; s. 78, ch. 2003-416; s. 3, ch. 2021-134; s. 23, ch. 2022-71.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 36
cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1994–2025 · leading case: Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010).
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 114 So. 3d 912 (Fla. 2013). “Section 766.31(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides in pertinent part: Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall…”
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
Malu v. Sec. Nat. Ins. Co., 898 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 2005). “As examples, the Malu panel cited to the statutory scheme that provided benefits for birth-related neurological injuries, section 766.31(1)(a), Florida Statutes (2002), and a workers' compensation statute that was repealed in 1993, section 440.”
Univeristy of Miami v. Ruiz, 164 So. 3d 758 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015). “See § 766.31, Fla. Stat. (1998). The ALJ also specifically found that the PHT had provided the plaintiffs with notice that it participated in the NICA plan, as required by section 766.”
Fluet v. Florida Birth-related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 788 So. 2d 1010 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001). “See also § 766.31, Fla. Stat. (1999). [2] In this case, Morton Plant Hospital was not a teaching hospital.”
Carreras v. Fla. Birth-related Nica, 665 So. 2d 1082 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995). “" § 766.31(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993). At the hearing, Dr.”
Romine v. Florida Birth Related Nica, 842 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003). “Section 766.31(1)(a), Florida Statutes (Supp.”
All Child.'s Hosp., Inc. v. Dept. of Admin. Hearings, 863 So. 2d 450 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “" § 766.31(1). A detailed definition of "[b]irth-related neurological injury" is set forth in section 766.”
Humana of Florida, Inc. v. McKaughan, 652 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). “§ 766.31. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND The McKaughans sued the Intervenors for medical malpractice in circuit court claiming that their son suffered permanent neurological damage in the form of a spinal cord injury after the immediate postdelivery period.”
Anderson ex rel. Anderson v. Helen Ellis Mem'l Hosp. Found., Inc., 66 So. 3d 1095 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011). “” The Hospital argued further that a determination about the child’s best interests “cannot be made without determining the amount of compensation [the Plan] will provide pursuant to Fla. Stat. § 766.31 [ (2004) ] (‘a bird in the hand’) versus pursuing a civil suit against [the…”
Abifaraj v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 844 So. 2d 751 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003). “The appellants’ reading of the order fails to recognize the distinction between “actual expenses” arising from a compen-sable injury, which comprise the element of compensation provided for in section 766.31(l)(a), and “reasonable expenses” that are incurred in connection with…”
766.31(1): 8 cases
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 114 So. 3d 912 (Fla. 2013). “Section 766.31(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides in pertinent part: Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall…”
All Child.'s Hosp., Inc. v. Dept. of Admin. Hearings, 863 So. 2d 450 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). “" § 766.31(1). A detailed definition of "[b]irth-related neurological injury" is set forth in section 766.”
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
Erica McDonald v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 396 So. 3d 891 (Fla. 1st DCA 2024).
Shands Jacksonville Med. Ctr., Inc., & Univ. of Florida Bd. of Trs., No. 1D2020-3605 (Fla. 1st DCA Dec. 11, 2024).
766.31(1)(B): 1 case
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
766.31(1)(a): 7 cases
Malu v. Sec. Nat. Ins. Co., 898 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 2005). “As examples, the Malu panel cited to the statutory scheme that provided benefits for birth-related neurological injuries, section 766.31(1)(a), Florida Statutes (2002), and a workers' compensation statute that was repealed in 1993, section 440.”
Carreras v. Fla. Birth-related Nica, 665 So. 2d 1082 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995). “" § 766.31(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993). At the hearing, Dr.”
Romine v. Florida Birth Related Nica, 842 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003). “Section 766.31(1)(a), Florida Statutes (Supp.”
Malu v. Sec. Nat. Ins. Co., 848 So. 2d 373 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003).
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
766.31(1)(b): 3 cases
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
Advisory Op. to Atty. Gen. Re Comp. Amend., 880 So. 2d 675 (Fla. 2004).
Univ. of Miami v. Ruiz, No. 14-2122 (Fla. 3d DCA Feb. 11, 2015).
766.31(1)(c): 4 cases
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
Rodriguez v. Birth-rel. Neurological Injury, 19 So. 3d 386 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).
Abifaraj v. Fla. Birth-related Neuro. Injury Comp. Ass'n, 844 So. 2d 751 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).
Univ. of Miami v. Ruiz, No. 14-2122 (Fla. 3d DCA Feb. 11, 2015).
766.31(1)(c)(1): 1 case
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
766.31(1)(c)(2): 1 case
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
766.31(1)(c)(6): 1 case
Birth-related N. Injury Comp. v. Carreras, 633 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). “In the present case section 766.31 enumerates the factors to be considered.”
766.31(a): 1 case
Univ. of Miami v. Exposito ex rel. Gonzales, 87 So. 3d 803 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012).
766.31(l)(a): 5 cases
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 114 So. 3d 912 (Fla. 2013). “Section 766.31(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides in pertinent part: Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall…”
Gilbert v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 724 So. 2d 688 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999).
Abifaraj v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 844 So. 2d 751 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003). “The appellants’ reading of the order fails to recognize the distinction between “actual expenses” arising from a compen-sable injury, which comprise the element of compensation provided for in section 766.31(l)(a), and “reasonable expenses” that are incurred in connection with…”
Barden v. Haddox, 695 So. 2d 1271 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997).
766.31(l)(b): 3 cases
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 114 So. 3d 912 (Fla. 2013). “Section 766.31(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides in pertinent part: Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall…”
Putnam Cmty. Med. Ctr. v. Florida Birth-Related NeuroLogical Injury Comp. Ass'n, 204 So. 3d 598 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016).
766.31(l)(c): 6 cases
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological, 40 So. 3d 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). “states: (1) Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at *22 the birth, the administrative law judge shall make an award providing compensation for the following…”
Samples v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 114 So. 3d 912 (Fla. 2013). “Section 766.31(1), Florida Statutes (2010), provides in pertinent part: Upon determining that an infant has sustained a birth-related neurological injury and that obstetrical services were delivered by a participating physician at the birth, the administrative law judge shall…”
Univeristy of Miami v. Ruiz, 164 So. 3d 758 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015). “See § 766.31, Fla. Stat. (1998). The ALJ also specifically found that the PHT had provided the plaintiffs with notice that it participated in the NICA plan, as required by section 766.”
Rodriguez v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 19 So. 3d 386 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).
Abifaraj v. Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Comp. Ass'n, 844 So. 2d 751 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003). “The appellants’ reading of the order fails to recognize the distinction between “actual expenses” arising from a compen-sable injury, which comprise the element of compensation provided for in section 766.31(l)(a), and “reasonable expenses” that are incurred in connection with…”
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