16 U.S.C. § 3103

Maps

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(a) Filing and availability for inspection; discrepancies; coastal areas

The boundary maps described in this Act shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Secretary or the Secretary of Agriculture with regard to the National Forest System. In the event of discrepancies between the acreages specified in this Act and those depicted on such maps, the maps shall be controlling, but the boundaries of areas added to the National Park, Wildlife Refuge and National Forest Systems shall, in coastal areas not extend seaward beyond the mean high tide line to include lands owned by the State of Alaska unless the State shall have concurred in such boundary extension and such extension is accomplished under the notice and reporting requirements of this Act.

(b) Changes in land management status; publication in Federal Register; filing; clerical errors; boundary features and adjustments

As soon as practicable after December 2, 1980, a map and legal description of each change in land management status effected by this Act, including the National Wilderness Preservation System, shall be published in the Federal Register and filed with the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate, and each such description shall have the same force and effect as if included in this Act: Provided, however, That correction of clerical and typographical errors in each such legal description and map may be made. Each such map and legal description shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Secretary. Whenever possible boundaries shall follow hydrographic divides or embrace other topographic or natural features. Following reasonable notice in writing to the Congress of his intention to do so the Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture may make minor adjustments in the boundaries of the areas added to or established by this Act as units of National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Wild and Scenic Rivers, National Wilderness Preservation, and National Forest Systems and as national conservation areas and national recreation areas. For the purposes of this subsection, a minor boundary adjustment shall not increase or decrease the amount of land within any such area by more than 23,000 acres.

(c) Lands included within unit; acquisition of land by Secretary

Only those lands within the boundaries of any conservation system unit which are public lands (as such term is defined in this Act) shall be deemed to be included as a portion of such unit. No lands which, before, on, or after December 2, 1980, are conveyed to the State, to any Native Corporation, or to any private party shall be subject to the regulations applicable solely to public lands within such units. If the State, a Native Corporation, or other owner desires to convey any such lands, the Secretary may acquire such lands in accordance with applicable law (including this Act), and any such lands shall become part of the unit, and be administered accordingly.

(Pub. L. 96–487, title I, § 103, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2376.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 96–487, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2371, known as the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 16 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 1984–2026 · leading case: Sturgeon v. Frost, 139 S. Ct. 1066 (2019).
Sturgeon v. Frost, 139 S. Ct. 1066 (2019). · cites it 7× “§ 100751 (a) - (b) ; 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c) ; see supra, at 1075 - 1077.”
Sturgeon v. Frost, 136 S. Ct. 1061 (2016). · cites it 2× “" 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c). ANILCA defines the word "land" to include "lands, waters, and interests therein," and the term "public lands" to include "lands the title to which is in the United States after December 2, 1980," with certain exceptions.”
John Sturgeon v. Sue Masica, 768 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2014). · cites it 5× “16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c). Section 103(c) thus contains three separate instructions regarding the composition and regulation of CSUs.”
John Sturgeon v. Sue Masica, 872 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2017). · cites it 4× “16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c) (emphasis added). The parties dispute the meaning of section 103(c) and in particular what it means to “be subject to the regulations applicable solely to public lands within such units.”
Katie John v. Alaska Fish & Wildlife Fed, 720 F.3d 1214 (9th Cir. 2013). · cites it 3× “16 U.S.C. § 3103 . 106 . See Union Oil Co.”
San Francisco Herring Assoc. v. Usdoi, 33 F.4th 1146 (9th Cir. 2022). · cites it 3× “” 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c) (emphasis added). “[C]rucially,” the Supreme Court explained in Sturgeon, 139 S.”
James v. State, 950 P.2d 1130 (Alaska 1997). · cites it 2× “" 16 U.S.C. § 3103 . Thus in extending the boundaries of the Tongass, Congress did not intend to include even the tidelands of the Tongass.”
United States of Am. v. State of Alaska (9th Cir. 2025). · cites it 14× “Recently, the Supreme Court considered the meaning of “public lands” as used in another part of ANILCA—Section 103(c) in Title I (codified at 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c))—and declined to interpret the term to include navigable waters in which the United States holds reserved water…”
Friends of Alaska Nat'l v. Debra Haaland, 29 F.4th 432 (9th Cir. 2022). “The Court did not mention at all the statutory purposes expressly set forth in 5 In Sturgeon, the Court addressed whether the portion of the Nation River that runs through the Yukon-Charley National Park qualifies as public land or non-public land under 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c).…”
City of Angoon v. Marsh, 749 F.2d 1413 (9th Cir. 1984). “” *1418 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c). In addition to the aforementioned language, section 103(c) specifically states that “no lands which, before, on, or after Dec.”
Sturgeon v. Frost (D. Alaska 2020). · cites it 5× “1 Sturgeon alleged that, properly interpreted, Section 103(c) of ANILCA, 16 U.S.C. § 3103 (c), precluded the NPS from enforcing its national regulations on non- public lands (including navigable waters where the State of Alaska owned the submerged lands) within federal…”
James v. State, 950 P.2d 1120 (Alaska 1997). · cites it 2× “” 16 U.S.C. § 3103 . Thus in extending the boundaries of the Tongass, Congress did not intend to include even the tidelands of the Tongass.”
— 16 U.S.C. § 3103(a) — 1 case
Katie John v. Alaska Fish & Wildlife Fed, 720 F.3d 1214 (9th Cir. 2013). “16 U.S.C. § 3103 . 106 . See Union Oil Co.”
— 16 U.S.C. § 3103(c) — 1 case
Katie John v. Alaska Fish & Wildlife Fed, 720 F.3d 1214 (9th Cir. 2013). “16 U.S.C. § 3103 . 106 . See Union Oil Co.”
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