42 U.S.C. § 1383a

Penalties for fraud

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(a) In generalWhoever—(1) knowingly and willfully makes or causes to be made any false statement or representation of a material fact in any application for any benefit under this subchapter,(2) at any time knowingly and willfully makes or causes to be made any false statement or representation of a material fact for use in determining rights to any such benefit,(3) having knowledge of the occurrence of any event affecting (A) his initial or continued right to any such benefit, or (B) the initial or continued right to any such benefit of any other individual in whose behalf he has applied for or is receiving such benefit, conceals or fails to disclose such event with an intent fraudulently to secure such benefit either in a greater amount or quantity than is due or when no such benefit is authorized,(4) having made application to receive any such benefit for the use and benefit of another and having received it, knowingly and willfully converts such benefit or any part thereof to a use other than for the use and benefit of such other person, or(5) conspires to commit any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3),shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, except that in the case of a person who receives a fee or other income for services performed in connection with any determination with respect to benefits under this subchapter (including a claimant representative, translator, or current or former employee of the Social Security Administration), or who is a physician or other health care provider who submits, or causes the submission of, medical or other evidence in connection with any such determination, such person shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be fined under title 18, or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both.(b) Restitution(1) Any Federal court, when sentencing a defendant convicted of an offense under subsection (a), may order, in addition to or in lieu of any other penalty authorized by law, that the defendant make restitution to the Commissioner of Social Security, in any case in which such offense results in—(A) the Commissioner of Social Security making a benefit payment that should not have been made, or(B) an individual suffering a financial loss due to the defendant’s violation of subsection (a) in his or her capacity as the individual’s representative payee appointed pursuant to section 1383(a)(2) of this title.(2) Sections 3612, 3663, and 3664 of title 18 shall apply with respect to the issuance and enforcement of orders of restitution under this subsection. In so applying such sections, the Commissioner of Social Security shall be considered the victim.(3) If the court does not order restitution, or orders only partial restitution, under this subsection, the court shall state on the record the reasons therefor.(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), funds paid to the Commissioner of Social Security as restitution pursuant to a court order shall be deposited as miscellaneous receipts in the general fund of the Treasury.(B) In the case of funds paid to the Commissioner of Social Security pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), the Commissioner of Social Security shall certify for payment to the individual described in such paragraph an amount equal to the lesser of the amount of the funds so paid or the individual’s outstanding financial loss as described in such paragraph, except that such amount may be reduced by any overpayment of benefits owed under this subchapter, subchapter II, or subchapter VIII by the individual.(c) Prohibition on certification as representative payee

Any person or entity convicted of a violation of subsection (a) of this section or of section 408 of this title may not be certified as a representative payee under section 1383(a)(2) of this title.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVI, § 1632, as added Pub. L. 92–603, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1478; amended Pub. L. 98–460, § 16(c)(1), Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1810; Pub. L. 103–296, title II, § 206(c)(1), (2), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1513; Pub. L. 108–203, title II, § 209(c), Mar. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 515; Pub. L. 114–74, title VIII, § 813(a)(3), (b)(3), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 603.)Editorial NotesAmendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–74, § 813(b)(3), inserted before period at end of concluding provisions “, except that in the case of a person who receives a fee or other income for services performed in connection with any determination with respect to benefits under this subchapter (including a claimant representative, translator, or current or former employee of the Social Security Administration), or who is a physician or other health care provider who submits, or causes the submission of, medical or other evidence in connection with any such determination, such person shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be fined under title 18, or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both”.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–74, § 813(a)(3), added par. (5).

2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–203, § 209(c)(2), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–203, § 209(c)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c), struck out “(2)” before “Any person”, and struck out par (1) which read as follows: “If a person or entity violates subsection (a) of this section in the person’s or entity’s role as, or in applying to become, a representative payee under section 1383(a)(2) of this title on behalf of another individual (other than the person’s eligible spouse), and the violation includes a willful misuse of funds by the person or entity, the court may also require that full or partial restitution of funds be made to such other individual.”

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–296, § 206(c)(1), inserted closing provisions and struck out former closing provisions which read as follows: “shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–296, § 206(c)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows:

“(b)(1) Any person or other entity who is convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a) of this section, if such violation is committed by such person or entity in his role as, or in applying to become, a payee under section 1383(a)(2) of this title on behalf of another individual (other than such person’s eligible spouse), in lieu of the penalty set forth in subsection (a) of this section—

“(A) upon his first such conviction, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both; and

“(B) upon his second or any subsequent such conviction, shall be guilty of a felony and shall be fined not more than $25,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.

“(2) In any case in which the court determines that a violation described in paragraph (1) includes a willful misuse of funds by such person or entity, the court may also require that full or partial restitution of such funds be made to the individual for whom such person or entity was the certified payee.

“(3) Any person or entity convicted of a felony under this section or under section 408 of this title may not be certified as a payee under section 1383(a)(2) of this title.”

1984—Pub. L. 98–460 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–203 applicable with respect to violations occurring on or after Mar. 2, 2004, see section 209(d) of Pub. L. 108–203, set out as a note under section 408 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–296, title II, § 206(c)(3), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1514, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to conduct occurring on or after October 1, 1994.”

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–460 effective Oct. 9, 1984, and applicable with respect to violations occurring on or after such date, see section 16(d) of Pub. L. 98–460, set out as a note under section 405 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 92–603, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1465, provided that this section is effective Jan. 1, 1974.

Application to Northern Mariana Islands

For applicability of this section to the Northern Mariana Islands, see section 502(a)(1) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America and Proc. No. 4534, Oct. 24, 1977, 42 F.R. 6593, set out as notes under section 1801 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Puerto Rico, Guam, and Virgin Islands

Enactment of provisions of Pub. L. 92–603, eff. Jan. 1, 1974, not applicable to Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, see section 303(b) of Pub. L. 92–603, set out as a note under section 301 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 45 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1977–2025 · leading case: United States v. Nancy Jacques, 321 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2003).

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United States v. Nancy Jacques, 321 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2003). · cites it 8× “§ 1383a(b)(1) As noted earlier, the district court could have imposed restitution pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1383a, a provision describing criminal penalties for SSI fraud.”

United States v. Wells, 519 U.S. 482 (1997). · cites it 2× “§ 1320a 7b(a)(1) (maximum five year prison term for knowingly and willfully making false statement of material fact in application for payments in federally-approved plans for medical assistance); 42 U. S. C. § 1383a(a)(1) (maximum one year prison term for knowingly and…”

United States v. Kaykeo Somsamouth, 352 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2003). · cites it 4× “See 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2). Primarily, they disagree with the conception that their statements about working were, indeed, materially false.”

United States v. Joeann Wharton, 840 F.3d 163 (4th Cir. 2016). · cites it 2× “§ 371 , two counts of making false statements to the SSA in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2), and two counts of embezzlement from the United States in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Joseph Evans, Sr., 728 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2013). · cites it 2× “A few months later, in February 2011, he was again indicted, this time on 42 counts of fraudulently obtaining supplemental social security benefits, unlawfully acquiring food stamps, making a false claim of citizenship, and making a false statement in an application for a…”

United States v. Fatemeh Khatami, AKA Doris Khatami, 280 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2002). · cites it 2× “§ 1383a(a)(3), and two counts of making a false statement to obtain Social Security disability benefits, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2). She does not appeal from her conviction on those twelve counts.”

United States v. Napoleon Bustamante, 687 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2012). · cites it 2× “§ 1542 , and making a false statement in an application for supplemental security income benefits in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(1). These convictions rested on the govern- ment’s allegation that Bustamante is not a United States citi- zen.”

United States v. Julia Nguyen, 829 F.3d 907 (8th Cir. 2016). “§ 641 ; social-security fraud, 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3); false use of a social security number, 42 U.”

United States v. Foreman, 588 F.3d 1159 (8th Cir. 2009). · cites it 2× “In September 2008, a jury found Patricia Foreman guilty of one count of social security benefits fraud, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3), and three counts of theft of government money, in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Michael E. Gaudin, 28 F.3d 943 (9th Cir. 1994). “§ 1320a-7b(a)(l) (maximum five year prison term for knowingly and willfully making false statement of material fact in application for payments in federally-approved plans for medical assistance); 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(l) (maximum one year prison term for knowingly and willfully…”

United States v. Bryan Serafini, 826 F.3d 146 (4th Cir. 2016). “Serafini further attempts to bolster his interpretation of Section 88(c) by relying on other provisions in the criminal code. “The fact that [Congress] has [explicitly referred to restitution] in other statutes,” Serafini contends, “strongly suggests that it did not intend to do…”

United States v. Brenda Callaway, 943 F.2d 29 (8th Cir. 1991). “§§ 1001 and 2, and three misdemeanor counts of concealing an event affecting her continued right to receive benefits with the intent to fraudulently secure and convert them to a use other than that for which they were intended, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a) and 18 U.S.C.…”

Show all 45 citing cases →

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a) — 3 cases

United States v. Banks, 708 F. Supp. 2d 622 (E.D. Ky. 2010).

United States v. Chester Woulard, 14 F. App'x 756 (8th Cir. 2001).

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(1) — 2 cases

United States v. Wells, 519 U.S. 482 (1997). “§ 1320a 7b(a)(1) (maximum five year prison term for knowingly and willfully making false statement of material fact in application for payments in federally-approved plans for medical assistance); 42 U. S. C. § 1383a(a)(1) (maximum one year prison term for knowingly and…”

United States v. Napoleon Bustamante, 687 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2012). “§ 1542 , and making a false statement in an application for supplemental security income benefits in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(1). These convictions rested on the govern- ment’s allegation that Bustamante is not a United States citi- zen.”

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2) — 11 cases

United States v. Kaykeo Somsamouth, 352 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2003). “See 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2). Primarily, they disagree with the conception that their statements about working were, indeed, materially false.”

United States v. Joeann Wharton, 840 F.3d 163 (4th Cir. 2016). “§ 371 , two counts of making false statements to the SSA in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2), and two counts of embezzlement from the United States in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Fatemeh Khatami, AKA Doris Khatami, 280 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2002). “§ 1383a(a)(3), and two counts of making a false statement to obtain Social Security disability benefits, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(2). She does not appeal from her conviction on those twelve counts.”

United States v. Childers, 117 F. App'x 633 (10th Cir. 2004).

United States v. Banks, 708 F. Supp. 2d 622 (E.D. Ky. 2010).

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3) — 16 cases

United States v. Joseph Evans, Sr., 728 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2013). “A few months later, in February 2011, he was again indicted, this time on 42 counts of fraudulently obtaining supplemental social security benefits, unlawfully acquiring food stamps, making a false claim of citizenship, and making a false statement in an application for a…”

United States v. Julia Nguyen, 829 F.3d 907 (8th Cir. 2016). “§ 641 ; social-security fraud, 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3); false use of a social security number, 42 U.”

United States v. Foreman, 588 F.3d 1159 (8th Cir. 2009). “In September 2008, a jury found Patricia Foreman guilty of one count of social security benefits fraud, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3), and three counts of theft of government money, in violation of 18 U.”

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(3)(A) — 6 cases

United States v. Terri Killen, 761 F.3d 945 (8th Cir. 2014).

United States v. Doe (2d Cir. 2024).

United States v. Banks, 708 F. Supp. 2d 622 (E.D. Ky. 2010).

United States v. Holli Lundahl (8th Cir. 2022).

United States v. Martinez, 73 F. App'x 702 (5th Cir. 2003).

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(4) — 5 cases

United States v. Nancy Jacques, 321 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2003). “§ 1383a(b)(1) As noted earlier, the district court could have imposed restitution pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1383a, a provision describing criminal penalties for SSI fraud.”

Carrie Hendrick & a. v. New Hampshire Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 145 A.3d 1055 (N.H. 2016).

United States v. Barbara Sibylle Norris, 685 F.3d 1126 (8th Cir. 2012).

United States v. Cecilia Henry, 205 F. App'x 763 (11th Cir. 2006).

United States v. Brown (4th Cir. 2000).

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(a)(l) — 4 cases

United States v. FNU LNU, 578 F. App'x 45 (2d Cir. 2014).

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(b) — 1 case

— 42 U.S.C. § 1383a(b)(1) — 1 case

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