U.S. Code » Title 42 » Chapter CHAPTER 85— AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER I— PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES › Part Part A— Air Quality and Emission Limitations

42 U.S.C. § 7416

Retention of State authority

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Except as otherwise provided in sections 1857c–10(c), (e), and (f) (as in effect before August 7, 1977), 7543, 7545(c)(4), and 7573 of this title (preempting certain State regulation of moving sources) nothing in this chapter shall preclude or deny the right of any State or political subdivision thereof to adopt or enforce (1) any standard or limitation respecting emissions of air pollutants or (2) any requirement respecting control or abatement of air pollution; except that if an emission standard or limitation is in effect under an applicable implementation plan or under section 7411 or section 7412 of this title, such State or political subdivision may not adopt or enforce any emission standard or limitation which is less stringent than the standard or limitation under such plan or section.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 99 cases (14 in the last 5 years), 1979–2026 · leading case: City of Oakland v. Bp P.L.C., 969 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2020).
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City of Oakland v. Bp P.L.C., 969 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2020). · cites it 2× “Rather, the statute indicates that Congress intended to preserve state-law causes of action pursuant to a saving clause, 42 U.S.C. § 7416 ,7 which “makes clear that states retain the right to ‘adopt or enforce’ common law standards that apply to emissions” and preserves “[s]tate…”
Pac. Gas & Elec. Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation & Dev. Comm'n, 461 U.S. 190 (1983). · cites it 2× “42 U. S. C. §§ 7416 , 7422 (1976 ed., Supp.”
Bruce Merrick v. Diageo Americas Supply, Inc., 805 F.3d 685 (6th Cir. 2015). · cites it 5× “42 U.S.C. § 7416 . The Clean Air Act makes the EPA responsible for developing acceptable national ambient air quality standards (“NAAQS”), which are meant to set a uniform level of air quality across the country in order to protect the populace and the environment.”
New York v. U.S. Env't Prot. Agency, 413 F.3d 3 (D.C. Cir. 2005). · cites it 2× “See 42 U.S.C. § 7416 . The governments assert that the 2002 rule unlawfully precludes states from adopting more stringent criteria.”
Kristie Bell v. Cheswick Generating Station Ge, 734 F.3d 188 (3rd Cir. 2013). · cites it 3× “The Clean Air Act makes the EPA responsible for developing acceptable national ambient air quality standards (“NAAQS”), which are meant to set a uniform level of air quality across the country in order to protect the populace and the environment.”
Epc of Hillsborough Cty. v. Volkswagen Grp. of Am., 959 F.3d 1201 (9th Cir. 2020). · cites it 2× “1676 , 1694 (1970), it has maintained a substantial role for states in post-sale implementation and enforcement ever since, see 42 U.S.C. §§ 7416 , 7543(d); see also Ashoff v.”
Boulder Cnty. Commissioners v. Suncor Energy, 25 F.4th 1238 (10th Cir. 2022). “See 42 U.S.C. § 7416 (stating nothing in the CAA “shall preclude or deny the right of any State or political subdivision thereof” to adopt an emissions standard or limitation more stringent than the federal version); id.”
City & Cnty. of Honolulu v. Sunoco LP. Concurring Opinion by Eddins, J. [ada]., 537 P.3d 1173 (Haw. 2023). · cites it 2× “42 U.S.C. § 7416 (2018). 16 Congress encouraged states 16 42 U.”
Sweat v. Hull, 200 F. Supp. 2d 1162 (D. Ariz. 2001). · cites it 3× “” 42 U.S.C. § 7416 (emphasis added). Defendants have not provided admissible evidence establishing that Arizona’s SIP is not “less stringent” without the RSD Program.”
Appalachian Power Co. v. Env't Prot. Agency, 208 F.3d 1015 (D.C. Cir. 2000). “In some instances, States may adopt emission standards or limitations that are more stringent than federal standards; 42 U.S.C. § 7416 . States may also adopt more stringent permit requirements.”
Brown-Forman Corp. v. George Miller, 528 S.W.3d 886 (Ky. 2017). · cites it 2× “Specifically, 42 U.S.C. § 7416 reserves to the states the power to adopt and enforce more stringent standards than those established by the Act.”
Her Majesty the Queen in Right of the Province of Ontario v. City of Detroit, 874 F.2d 332 (6th Cir. 1989). · cites it 3× “Section 116 of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. § 7416 , provides: \N~\othing in this chapter shall preclude or deny the right of any State or political subdivision thereof to adopt or enforce (1) any standard or limitation respecting emissions of air pollutants or (2) any requirement…”
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