47 U.S.C. § 1002

Assistance capability requirements

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(a) Capability requirementsExcept as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section and sections 1007(a) and 1008(b) and (d) of this title, a telecommunications carrier shall ensure that its equipment, facilities, or services that provide a customer or subscriber with the ability to originate, terminate, or direct communications are capable of—(1) expeditiously isolating and enabling the government, pursuant to a court order or other lawful authorization, to intercept, to the exclusion of any other communications, all wire and electronic communications carried by the carrier within a service area to or from equipment, facilities, or services of a subscriber of such carrier concurrently with their transmission to or from the subscriber’s equipment, facility, or service, or at such later time as may be acceptable to the government;(2) expeditiously isolating and enabling the government, pursuant to a court order or other lawful authorization, to access call-identifying information that is reasonably available to the carrier—(A) before, during, or immediately after the transmission of a wire or electronic communication (or at such later time as may be acceptable to the government); and(B) in a manner that allows it to be associated with the communication to which it pertains,except that, with regard to information acquired solely pursuant to the authority for pen registers and trap and trace devices (as defined in section 3127 of title 18), such call-identifying information shall not include any information that may disclose the physical location of the subscriber (except to the extent that the location may be determined from the telephone number);(3) delivering intercepted communications and call-identifying information to the government, pursuant to a court order or other lawful authorization, in a format such that they may be transmitted by means of equipment, facilities, or services procured by the government to a location other than the premises of the carrier; and(4) facilitating authorized communications interceptions and access to call-identifying information unobtrusively and with a minimum of interference with any subscriber’s telecommunications service and in a manner that protects—(A) the privacy and security of communications and call-identifying information not authorized to be intercepted; and(B) information regarding the government’s interception of communications and access to call-identifying information.(b) Limitations(1) Design of features and systems configurationsThis subchapter does not authorize any law enforcement agency or officer—(A) to require any specific design of equipment, facilities, services, features, or system configurations to be adopted by any provider of a wire or electronic communication service, any manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, or any provider of telecommunications support services; or(B) to prohibit the adoption of any equipment, facility, service, or feature by any provider of a wire or electronic communication service, any manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, or any provider of telecommunications support services.(2) Information services; private networks and interconnection services and facilitiesThe requirements of subsection (a) do not apply to—(A) information services; or(B) equipment, facilities, or services that support the transport or switching of communications for private networks or for the sole purpose of interconnecting telecommunications carriers.(3) Encryption

A telecommunications carrier shall not be responsible for decrypting, or ensuring the government’s ability to decrypt, any communication encrypted by a subscriber or customer, unless the encryption was provided by the carrier and the carrier possesses the information necessary to decrypt the communication.

In emergency or exigent circumstances (including those described in sections 2518(7) or (11)(b) and 3125 of title 18 and section 1805(e) of title 50), a carrier at its discretion may comply with subsection (a)(3) by allowing monitoring at its premises if that is the only means of accomplishing the interception or access.

(d) Mobile service assistance requirements

A telecommunications carrier that is a provider of commercial mobile service (as defined in section 332(d) of this title) offering a feature or service that allows subscribers to redirect, hand off, or assign their wire or electronic communications to another service area or another service provider or to utilize facilities in another service area or of another service provider shall ensure that, when the carrier that had been providing assistance for the interception of wire or electronic communications or access to call-identifying information pursuant to a court order or lawful authorization no longer has access to the content of such communications or call-identifying information within the service area in which interception has been occurring as a result of the subscriber’s use of such a feature or service, information is made available to the government (before, during, or immediately after the transfer of such communications) identifying the provider of a wire or electronic communication service that has acquired access to the communications.

(Pub. L. 103–414, title I, § 103, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4280.)Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date

Section effective on the date that is 4 years after Oct. 25, 1994, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 103–414, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 46 cases, 1996–2017 · leading case: In Re Applic. of US for an Order for Disclosure, 405 F. Supp. 2d 435 (S.D.N.Y. 2005).

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In Re Applic. of US for an Order for Disclosure, 405 F. Supp. 2d 435 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). · cites it 13× “Notably, the showing required to install a pen register is a low one: the Government need only identify the law enforcement agency conducting the investigation and certify that the information likely to be obtained is "relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation" being…”

In Re US for an Order Aut. Dis. of Prosp. Cell, 412 F. Supp. 2d 947 (E.D. Wis. 2006). · cites it 8× “However, because Congress has forbidden a cellphone company from disclosing cell-site information “solely pursuant” to a pen/trap order, see 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2)(B), the Pen/Trap Statute by itself is insufficient authority for such disclosure.”

United States v. Aaron Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016). · cites it 2× “This is assertedly so because (1) the Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act, 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (2012) (Continued) 10 Applying the third-party doctrine to the facts of this case, we hold that Defendants did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the historical…”

In Re Application for Pen Register & Trap/Trace Device With Cell Site Location Auth., 396 F. Supp. 2d 747 (S.D. Tex. 2005). · cites it 4× “47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2) (emphasis supplied).”

Shawn Alvin Tracey v. State of Florida, 152 So. 3d 504 (Fla. 2014). · cites it 4× “Under the federal scheme, 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2)(B), a provision within the “Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act,” 47 U.”

In Re the United States for an Order Authorizing the Use of a Pen Register & a Trap & Trace Device, 396 F. Supp. 2d 294 (E.D.N.Y 2005). · cites it 3× “” 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2)(B) (emphasis added).”

In re Apple, Inc., 149 F. Supp. 3d 341 (E.D.N.Y 2016). · cites it 6× “These “Limitations” on CALEA’s scope, 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (b), fell into three ..categories.”

In Re United States of Am. for an Order Authorizing the Installation & Use of a Pen Register, 415 F. Supp. 2d 211 (W.D.N.Y. 2006). · cites it 3× “§§ 3122 , 3123 (The Pen Register and Trap and Trace Statute (the Pen Statute)), 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2) (The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (GALEA)) and 18 U.”

United States v. Ellis, 270 F. Supp. 3d 1134 (N.D. Cal. 2017). · cites it 3× “application of the Communications Assistance of Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”), 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2), the pen register statute did not authorize aceess to call-identifying information from telecommunications carriers that may disclose the subscriber’s physical location, and…”

In re the United States for an Order Authorizing Disclosure of Location Info. of a Specified Wireless Tel., 849 F. Supp. 2d 526 (D. Maryland 2011). · cites it 2× “” 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2)(B). Indeed, Sprint Nextel — the cellular service provider for the subject of the government’s applications here — provides in its standard privacy policy that, although it routinely collects personal information pertaining to customers, including the…”

United States v. Espudo, 954 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (S.D. Cal. 2013). · cites it 4× “47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2) (emphasis added).”

In Re the United States for Orders Authorizing the Installation, 416 F. Supp. 2d 390 (D. Maryland 2006). · cites it 2× “See 47 U.S.C. § 1002 (a)(2)(B). The necessary authority for the disclosure of cell-site information called for by the Pen/Trap Statute is provided by Section 2703 of the SCA.”

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