Vermont Statutes Annotated
Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405 (2026)
Kidnapping
✓ current as of May 2026
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(Cite as: 13 V.S.A. § 2405)
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§ 2405. Kidnapping
(a) A person commits the crime of kidnapping if the person:
(1) knowingly restrains another person with the intent to:
(A) hold the restrained person for ransom or reward; or
(B) use the restrained person as a shield or hostage; or
(C) inflict bodily injury upon the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be subjected to bodily injury; or
(D) sexually assault the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be sexually assaulted; or
(E) facilitate the commission of another crime or flight thereafter; or
(2) not being a relative of a person under the age of 16, knowingly restrains that person, without the consent of the person’s custodian, with the intent to keep the person from his or her lawful custodian for a substantial period.
(b) Kidnapping is punishable by a maximum sentence of life imprisonment or a fine of not more than $50,000.00, or both. It is, however, an affirmative defense which reduces the penalty to imprisonment for not more than 30 years or a fine of not more than $50,000.00, or both, that the defendant voluntarily caused the release of the victim alive in a safe place before arraignment without having caused serious bodily injury to the victim. (Added 1989, No. 293 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 37
cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1995–2024 · leading case: State v. Goodhue, 2003 VT 85 (Vt. 2003).
State v. Goodhue, 2003 VT 85 (Vt. 2003). “), § 3 (codified as amended at 13 V.S.A. § 2405). The current law defining kidnapping generally parallels the Model Penal Code definition of *465 kidnapping and requires that the restraint must be accomplished for one of four specified purposes.”
State v. Davis, 683 A.2d 1 (Vt. 1996). “Defendant appeals his jury convictions for kidnapping, 13 V.S.A. § 2405, and simple assault, 13 V.”
United States v. Gonzalez-Ramirez, 477 F.3d 310 (5th Cir. 2007). “2006) (requiring specific intent other than to take or conceal except for children under age 14); Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405 (1998) (requiring specific intent other than to keep "for a substantial period” except for children under age 16); W.”
State v. Kinney, 762 A.2d 833 (Vt. 2000). “§ 2405(b). Shortly before trial, the parties in this case signed and filed with the court a written stipulation, providing, among other things: For purposes of sentencing, pursuant to 13 V.”
State v. Carrasquillo, 795 A.2d 1141 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A § 2405(a). Carrasquillo was charged and convicted under a theory of accomplice liability with intent to “inflict bodily injury upon the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be subjected to bodily injury.”
State v. Travis C. Collins, Sr., 177 A.3d 528 (Vt. 2017). “First, defendant is charged with kidnapping in violation of 13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1)(C), which provides that "[a] person commits the crime of kidnapping if the person .”
State v. Petruccelli, 743 A.2d 1062 (Vt. 1999). “See 13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1). The penalty for kidnapping is severe — a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and fine of $50,000.”
State v. Alexander, 795 A.2d 1248 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1). The amended information charged defendant with a violation of § 2405(a)(1)(C) (intent to inflict bodily injury or place person in fear of bodily injury).”
United States v. De Jesus Ventura, 565 F.3d 870 (D.C. Cir. 2009). “1; Vt Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405; Wyo. Stat.”
State v. Thompson, 807 A.2d 454 (Vt. 2002). “§ 6913(d), kidnapping a minor as defined in 13 V.S.A § 2405(a)(1)(D), lewd and lascivious conduct with a minor as defined in 13 V.”
United States v. Soto-Sanchez, 623 F.3d 317 (6th Cir. 2010). “Codified Laws § 22-19-1 ; Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405 (a); Wyo. Stat.”
State v. Lang, 664 A.2d 267 (Vt. 1995). “§ 1201, and two counts of kidnapping in violation of 13 VS.A. § 2405. On appeal, he claims that the State failed to prove one of the kidnapping charges, and that the trial court erred by sentencing him to a term of 20 years to life imprisonment on the second kidnapping charge.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a) — 4 cases
State v. Jackson, 2008 VT 71 (Vt. 2008).
State v. Evan P. Ford, 2015 VT 127 (Vt. 2015).
State v. Carrasquillo, 795 A.2d 1141 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A § 2405(a). Carrasquillo was charged and convicted under a theory of accomplice liability with intent to “inflict bodily injury upon the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be subjected to bodily injury.”
State v. Salahdin Trowell, 2015 VT 96 (Vt. 2015).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1) — 3 cases
State v. Alexander, 795 A.2d 1248 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1). The amended information charged defendant with a violation of § 2405(a)(1)(C) (intent to inflict bodily injury or place person in fear of bodily injury).”
State v. Carrasquillo, 795 A.2d 1141 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A § 2405(a). Carrasquillo was charged and convicted under a theory of accomplice liability with intent to “inflict bodily injury upon the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be subjected to bodily injury.”
State v. Petruccelli, 743 A.2d 1062 (Vt. 1999). “See 13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1). The penalty for kidnapping is severe — a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and fine of $50,000.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1)(A) — 1 case
State v. Matthew L. Fidler (Vt. 2017).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1)(B) — 2 cases
State v. Washington, 691 A.2d 583 (Vt. 1997).
State v. Washington, 691 A.2d 583 (Vt. 1997).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1)(C) — 10 cases
State v. Travis C. Collins, Sr., 177 A.3d 528 (Vt. 2017). “First, defendant is charged with kidnapping in violation of 13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1)(C), which provides that "[a] person commits the crime of kidnapping if the person .”
State v. Petruccelli, 743 A.2d 1062 (Vt. 1999). “See 13 V.S.A. § 2405(a)(1). The penalty for kidnapping is severe — a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and fine of $50,000.”
State v. Carrasquillo, 795 A.2d 1141 (Vt. 2002). “13 V.S.A § 2405(a). Carrasquillo was charged and convicted under a theory of accomplice liability with intent to “inflict bodily injury upon the restrained person or place the restrained person or a third person in fear that any person will be subjected to bodily injury.”
State v. Alexander, 2005 VT 25 (Vt. 2005).
State v. Davis, 683 A.2d 1 (Vt. 1996). “Defendant appeals his jury convictions for kidnapping, 13 V.S.A. § 2405, and simple assault, 13 V.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1)(D) — 4 cases
State v. Goodhue, 2003 VT 85 (Vt. 2003). “), § 3 (codified as amended at 13 V.S.A. § 2405). The current law defining kidnapping generally parallels the Model Penal Code definition of *465 kidnapping and requires that the restraint must be accomplished for one of four specified purposes.”
State v. Thompson, 807 A.2d 454 (Vt. 2002). “§ 6913(d), kidnapping a minor as defined in 13 V.S.A § 2405(a)(1)(D), lewd and lascivious conduct with a minor as defined in 13 V.”
State v. Myron Bullock, 2017 VT 7 (Vt. 2017).
Wood v. Pallito (Vt. Super. Ct. 2010).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(1)(E) — 5 cases
State v. Baker, 2007 VT 84 (Vt. 2007).
State v. Lang, 664 A.2d 267 (Vt. 1995). “§ 1201, and two counts of kidnapping in violation of 13 VS.A. § 2405. On appeal, he claims that the State failed to prove one of the kidnapping charges, and that the trial court erred by sentencing him to a term of 20 years to life imprisonment on the second kidnapping charge.”
State v. Jones, 2011 VT 90 (Vt. 2011).
In re Jones, 2009 VT 39 (Vt. 2009).
State v. Baker, 934 A.2d 820 (Vt. 2007).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(2) — 1 case
State v. Putnam, 2015 VT 23 (Vt. 2008).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(a)(l)(C) — 1 case
State v. Randy Jacobs, Jr., 2024 VT 69 (Vt. 2024).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2405(b) — 8 cases
State v. Kinney, 762 A.2d 833 (Vt. 2000). “§ 2405(b). Shortly before trial, the parties in this case signed and filed with the court a written stipulation, providing, among other things: For purposes of sentencing, pursuant to 13 V.”
State v. Davis, 683 A.2d 1 (Vt. 1996). “Defendant appeals his jury convictions for kidnapping, 13 V.S.A. § 2405, and simple assault, 13 V.”
State v. Goodhue, 2003 VT 85 (Vt. 2003). “), § 3 (codified as amended at 13 V.S.A. § 2405). The current law defining kidnapping generally parallels the Model Penal Code definition of *465 kidnapping and requires that the restraint must be accomplished for one of four specified purposes.”
State v. Lang, 664 A.2d 267 (Vt. 1995). “§ 1201, and two counts of kidnapping in violation of 13 VS.A. § 2405. On appeal, he claims that the State failed to prove one of the kidnapping charges, and that the trial court erred by sentencing him to a term of 20 years to life imprisonment on the second kidnapping charge.”
State v. Randy Jacobs, Jr., 2024 VT 69 (Vt. 2024).
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