City of Calhoun v. Holland, 152 S.E.2d 752 (Ga. 1966). · Go Syfert
City of Calhoun v. Holland, 152 S.E.2d 752 (Ga. 1966). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
70 citation events (5 in the last 25 years) across 3 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: BROWN v. CARSON (ga, 2022-05-03)
Treatment trajectory · 1967 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1967 1996 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 16 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) BROWN v. CARSON (2×)
Ga. · 2022 · confidence medium
See also Corey Outdoor Advertising v. Board of Zoning, 254 Ga. 221, 224 (327 SE2d 178) (1985) (explaining that “equitable estoppel will not apply so as to frustrate or contravene a governmental function of a governmental unit”); City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 (152 SE2d 752) (1966) (“In dealing with public agents, every person must take notice of the extent of their powers at his peril.” (punctuation and citation omitted)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Norris v. Department of Transportation
Ga. · 1997 · confidence medium
See OCGA § 45-6-5; City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966); City of LaGrange v. USAA Ins.
cited Cited as authority (rule) City of Buchanan v. Pope
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · confidence medium
City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Maxwell v. City of Chamblee (6×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 1994 · confidence medium
"Oral notices followed by actual appearance before the mayor and council of the city in official session as its governing body, and their assurances of indemnification, will not suffice and cannot create an estoppel because these officials `had no right to waive the requirements of Code Ann. § 69-308 [now OCGA § 36-33-5] that written notice must be given a municipal corporation of any claim for the money damages against it, within six months of the happening of the event upon which the claim is predicated.' City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 )." Allen v. City of Maco…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Corey Outdoor Advertising, Inc. v. Board of Zoning Adjustment
Ga. · 1985 · confidence medium
See Kiker v. City of Riverdale, 223 Ga. 142 ( 154 SE2d 17 ) (1967); City of Calhoun v. Hol *224 land, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Horton v. City of MacOn
Ga. Ct. App. · 1977 · confidence medium
While the notice cannot be waived by the city authorities (City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966)), and is a condition precedent to recovery (Thompson v. City of Atlanta, 219 Ga. 190, 191 (1) ( 132 SE2d 188 ) (1963)), the City of Macon by its failure to raise the issue below cannot now take advantage of the failure of the claimant to plead compliance with Code Ann. § 69-308.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Sutton v. City of Cordele
Ga. · 1973 · confidence medium
Electric Co., 126 Ga. 472 ( 55 SE 254 ); Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Markowitz, 155 Ga. 870 ( 118 SE 558 ).” City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Schaefer v. Mayor &C. of Athens
Ga. Ct. App. · 1969 · confidence medium
That the city governing authorities may have had knowledge of the fact that plaintiff had a claim which she expected to assert against the city, either from communications which do not meet the requisites of written notice under Code Ann. § 69-308 (City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817 *303 ( 152 SE2d 752 ); Peek v. City of Albany, 101 Ga. App. 564 ( 114 SE2d 451 ); Allen v. City of Macon, 118 Ga. App. 88 ( 162 SE2d 783 )), or from a reference of the claim to an insurance carrier which undertook an investigation and settlement, can not work a waiver of the notice, an estoppel to assert lack…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) City of Atlanta v. Fuller (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1968 · confidence medium
In City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) it was stated that written notice must be given a municipal corporation, and the governing authority thereof has no right to waive such notice.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Allen v. City of MacOn (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1968 · confidence medium
Oral notices followed by actual appearance before the mayor and council of the city in official session as its governing body, and their assurances of indemnification, will not suffice and cannot create an estoppel because these officials “had no right to waive the requirements of Code Ann. § 69-308 that written notice must be given a municipal corporation of any claim for the money damages against it, within six months of the happening of the event upon which the claim is predicated.” City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 ( 152 SE2d 752 ).
discussed Cited "see" Evans v. City of Covington
Ga. Ct. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
Co., 211 Ga. App. 19, 20 (1) ( 438 SE2d 137 ) (1993); Allen v. City of Macon, 118 Ga. App. 88, 89 ( 162 SE2d 783 ) (1968). 7 See Campbell v. City of Atlanta, 117 Ga. App. 824 ( 162 SE2d 213 ) (1968). 8 City of LaGrange, supra, 211 Ga. App. at 21 (1). 9 (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Clark, supra, 212 Ga. App. at 599 (2). 10 Id.; see OCGA § 1-3-7; City of Calhoun, supra, 222 Ga. at 819 ; City of LaGrange, supra, 211 Ga. App. at 21 (2). 11 Id. at 21 (1). 12 Allright Auto Parks v. City of Atlanta, 257 Ga. 315, 316 (1) ( 357 SE2d 797 ) (1987); Corey Outdoor Advertising v. Bd. of Zoning &e. …
discussed Cited "see" Star Laundry, Inc. v. City of Warner Robins (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1989 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Holland v. City of Calhoun, 114 Ga. App. 51, 52 ( 150 SE2d 155 ) (1966), rev’d on other grounds City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." City of Atlanta v. Angeles Judith Burgos
Ga. Ct. App. · 2021 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See Evans v. City of Covington, 240 Ga. App. 373, 374-375 (2) ( 523 SE2d 594 ) (1999); see also City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817, 819 (152 8 SE2d 752 ) (1966) (finding that a city council “had no right to waive the requirements of [OCGA § 36-33-5]”). 2.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Exposition Enterprises, Inc. v. George L. Smith II Georgia World Congress Center Authority (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966); City of Atlanta v. Bull, 161 Ga. App. 648 ( 288 SE2d 335 ) (1982).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gillingwater v. City of Valdosta (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817 ( 152 SE2d 752 ) (1966).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Harris v. City of Chattanooga (2×)
N.D. Ga. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., City of Calhoun v. Holland, 222 Ga. 817 , 152 S.E.2d 752 (1966); Chiles v. City of Smyrna, 146 Ga.App. 260 , 246 S.E.2d 117 (1978); See generally, Sentell, The Law of Municipal Tort Liability in Georgia, 137-39 (3d ed. 1980).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
City of Calhoun
v.
Holland
23700.
Supreme Court of Georgia.
Nov 23, 1966.
152 S.E.2d 752
1966 Ga. LEXIS 638
T. L. Shanahan, Warren Akin, for appellant., Harbin M. King, for appellee.
Cook, Nichols.
Cited by 30 opinions  |  Published
Cook, Justice.

This court granted certiorari to review the ruling by the Court of Appeals in Holland v. City of Calhoun, 114 Ga. App. 51 (150 SE2d 155), summarized in Headnote 1 as follows: “Where the plaintiff appeared twice before the governing authority of the municipality to present her claim for injuries, and was assured that the city would wait until her medical information was complete and would then settle the claim, the fact that notice in writing was not given until more than six months had elapsed does not under these facts bar the prosecution of the suit.” A statement of the facts necessary to an understanding of the case appears in the opinion by the Court of Appeals.

Code Ann. § 69-308 provides in part: “No person, firm or corporation, having a claim for money damages against any municipal corporation on account of injuries to person or property, shall bring any suit at law or equity against said municipal corporation for the same, without first, and within six months of the happening of the event upon which such claim is predicated, presenting in writing such claim to the governing authority of said municipality for adjustment, stating the time, place, and extent of such injury, as nearly as practicable, and the negligence which caused the same, and no such suit shall be entertained by the court against such municipality until the cause of action therein shall have been first presented to said governing authority, for adjustment. . .”

The Court of Appeals, in the body of the opinion, held: “The maintenance of a water system is a proprietary, private and nongovernmental function of the municipal corporation as to the acts in the performance of which an equitable estoppel or[*819] estoppel in pais may be applied just as though it were a private corporation.” Four cases by this court are cited in support of this ruling, as follows: City of Atlanta v. Gate City Gas Light Co., 71 Ga. 106; Mayor &c. of Athens v. Georgia R., 72 Ga. 800; City of Jefferson v. Holder, 195 Ga. 346 (24 SE2d 187); and City of Summerville v. Georgia Power Co., 205 Ga. 843 (2) (55 SE2d 540).

While these cases hold that a municipal corporation, under some circumstances, may be estopped by acts of its governing officials, a distinction is clearly drawn between those acts which are ultra vires and those which are an irregular exercise of a granted power. In City of Summerville v. Georgia Power Co., 205 Ga. 843 (2), supra, it was said: “A municipal corporation may be estopped, as right and justice may require, where the act or contract relied on to create the estoppel was within the charter powers of the corporation, although the method of exercising the power was irregular.” (Emphasis supplied.)

Code § 89-903 provides: “Powers of all public officers are defined by law, and all persons must take notice thereof. The public may not be estopped by the acts of any officer done in the exercise of a power not conferred.” In Laing v. Mayor &c. of Americus, 86 Ga. 756, 758 (13 SE 107), it was said: “In dealing with public agents, every person must take notice of the extent of their powers at his peril; . . .” See also: Macon Consolidated St. R. Co. v. Mayor &c. of Macon, 112 Ga. 782 (38 SE 60); Southern Exp. Co. v. B. R. Electric Co., 126 Ga. 472 (55 SE 254); Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Markowitz, 155 Ga. 870 (118 SE 558).

The City Council of Calhoun had no right to waive the requirements of Code Ann. § 69-308 that written notice must be given a municipal corporation of any claim for money damages against it, within six months of the happening of the event upon which the claim is predicated, and the City of Calhoun could not be estopped by representations of the City Council made to the plaintiff in the present case.

It was error for the Court of Appeals to reverse the judgment of the trial judge dismissing the petition.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur, except Nichols, J., disqualified.