People v. Bennett, 45 P. 1013 (Cal. 1896). · Go Syfert
Search
People v. Bennett, 45 P. 1013 (Cal. 1896). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
65 citation events (8 in the last 25 years) across 10 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: People v. Bell (calctapp, 2015-10-15)
Treatment trajectory · 1903 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1903 1964 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 7 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Bell
Cal. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
(Gonzalez v. Municipal Court (1973) 32 Cal.App.3d 706, 714 [ 108 Cal.Rptr. 612 ]; People v. Preciado (1916) 31 Cal.App. 519, 530 [ 160 P. 1090 ].) Once the defense of former jeopardy has been raised by special plea, it is generally “an issue of fact. . . which the jury alone possessed] the power to pass upon.” (People v. Bennett (1896) 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 P. 1013 ].) *340 Consequently, when a defendant asserts former jeopardy as a defense at trial, “he is entitled to a resolution by the jury of any material issues of fact raised by the claim. . . .” (Stone v. Superior Court (1982) 31 …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Severance
Cal. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
Like a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, a plea of once in jeopardy usually presents “an issue of fact. . . which the jury alone possessed] the power to pass upon.” (People v. Bennett (1896) 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 P. 1013 ].) If, however, “the defendant fails to support [the plea of once in jeopardy] with proof, ... it becomes a question of law upon which the court must pass.” (People v. Newell, supra, 192 Cal. at p. 667 .) Defendant offers nó logical reason why a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity should be treated any differently.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Ceja
Cal. Ct. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
It was said in People v. Stoll, 143 Cal. 689, 696 [ 77 P. 818 ]: ‘The right to interpose a plea of once in jeopardy is a personal privilege, of which a defendant may, or may not, avail himself.’ The principle was quoted in People v. Bennett, 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 P. 1013 ], that ‘The law’s methods must be pursued by him who seeks the protection of the law.’ “The special pleas of appellant presented an issue of fact, and as no evidence was offered in support thereof, a question of law was presented to the trial court, which that court decided by instructing the jury to find for the p…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Eggleston
Cal. Ct. App. · 1967 · confidence medium
Both California (People v. Bennett, 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 P. 1013 ]; People v. Mason, supra, 200 Cal.App.2d 282, 284 [ 19 Cal.Rptr. 240 ]; see People v. Barry, 153 Cal.App.2d 193, 200 [ 314 P.2d 531 ]) and the federal courts (Haddad v. United States, 349 F.2d 511, 513-514 , cert. den. 382 U. S. 896 [ 15 L.Ed.2d 153 , 86 S.Ct. 193 ]; Ferina v. United States, 340 F.2d 837, 838-839 , cert. den. 381 U. S. 902 [ 14 L.Ed.2d 284 , 85 S.Ct. 1446 ]) follow this rule.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Mason
Cal. Ct. App. · 1962 · confidence medium
In other words, “ ‘ [t]he law’s methods must be pursued by him who seeks the protection of the law.’ ” (People v. Bennett, 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 P. 1013 ].) Thus, it has been held that a plea is insufficient if it fails to include all of the elements set forth in said section (People v. O'Leary, 77 Cal. 30 [ 18 P. 856 ]), and being insufficient there would be no issue in that regard “upon which the court could have instructed the jury or upon which the jury could have found.” (People v. Moronati, 70 Cal.App. 17, 21 [ 232 P. 991 ].) In the present case the defendants’ pleas of fo…
cited Cited as authority (rule) People v. Barry
Cal. Ct. App. · 1957 · confidence medium
Code, §§ 1016, 1020; People v. Bennett, 114 Cal. 56, 57, 58 [ 45 P. 1013 ]; In re Burns, 78 Cal.App.2d 294, 301 [ 177 P.2d 649 ]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Newell (2×)
Cal. · 1923 · confidence medium
A. 1917A, 1233n, citing many authorities, including People v. Bennett, supra [ 114 Cal. 56 ], and People v. Strickler, 167 Cal. 627 [ 140 Pac. 270 ]).” Appellant’s special pleas were sufficient in form, but it has been held that such pleas present a question of fact which the jury alone has power to pass upon, unless the defendant fails to support such pleas with proof, in which event it becomes a question of law upon which the court must pass (People v. Bennett, 114 Cal. 56, 59 [ 45 Pac. 1013 ]; People v. Solani, 6 Cal. App. 103 [ 91 Pac. 654 ]; People v. McFarlane, 138 Cal. 481, 484 [61 …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
THE PEOPLE
v.
C. R. BENNETT
Crim. No. 82.
California Supreme Court.
Aug 15, 1896.
45 P. 1013
1896 Cal. LEXIS 853
W. F. Fitzgerald, Attorney General, by Charles H. Jackson, Deputy Attorney-General, for Appellant,, D. M. Conner, and R. E. Hewitt, for Respondent.
Garoutte.
Cited by 36 opinions  |  Published
Garoutte, J.

The defendant was charged, by information, with the crime of assault with intent to commit murder, and, on being arraigned, pleaded not guilty to the charge. He was tried and found guilty of assault with a deadly weapon. Thereupon, he gave notice of a motion for a new trial, which motion was subsequently heard and granted upon the ground that the verdict was not supported by the evidence. Thereafter, without being called upon or offering to enter any new plea to the information, he was again tried in the same court and before the, same judge, and found “guilty as charged.” In due time he moved for a new trial upon several grounds, and, among others, that he was acquitted by the former verdict of the charge of assault to commit murder, and had been twice placed in jeopardy for that offense. The court granted the motion upon the last-named ground, and from that order the people appeal.

Our constitution provides that “no person shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense” (Const., art. I, sec. 13); and the Penal Code contains the following provisions:

“ Sec. 687. No. person can be subjected to a second prosecution for a public offense for which he has once been prosecuted, and convicted or acquitted.”

May the defendant for the first time raise the question of once in jeopardy upon his motion for a new trial? The practice here followed is certainly a novel one, and, if justified by the law, such declaration in effect will be a nullification of all those sections of the Penal Code providing for special pleas. For, if a defendant charged with crime may be allowed to take the chances of an adverse verdict after trial upon a plea of not guilty, and, having lost, may then for the first time upon his motion for a new trial set up a previous acquittal or conviction, or once in jeopardy, every defendant will follow[*58] that course, and a procedure which has been practiced since time immemorial, both in this country and in England, will become a thing wholly of the past. Indeed, if defendant’s contention be sound, and the court’s decision be allowed to stand, this defendant can never have a final judgment rendered against him, even for the minor offense included in the principal charge, for, by the order of the court, a new trial is granted, and, upon such trial, the defendant cannot be compelled to interpose his special plea of once in jeopardy. Neither has the court any power to enter such plea for him. Therefore, upon another conviction for the same offense, he would again secure a new trial upon the same grounds which were previously successful; and the practice could be continued indefinitely. To allow a defendant, as was done in this case, to sit idly by during the progress of his trial, and then upon conviction set up, upon motion in arrest of judgment, or for a new trial, a special defense that he could have raised at the very inception of the trial, would be to sanction a practice which might well be termed trifling with the court. If a defendant could raise this question after trial and conviction, he could with equal success raise it after a plea of guilty, no trial having been had. The defendant’s plea of not guilty puts in issue all the allegations of the indictment or information, and nothing more. In this case the defendant would not have been allowed to prove at the trial that he had been once in jeopardy, for there was no such issue in the case, and could be none unless he saw fit to make it by plea. To say that evidence could be introduced before the court upon his motion for a new trial, that would not have been admitted if offered at the trial, would be an anomaly, and is entirely without the law.

The authorities upon the foregoing question appear to be in entire accord. In Commonwealth v. Olds, 5 Litt. 140, the court, speaking as to special pleas, said: “It is well settled that these two pleas must be pleaded in bar, an'd that they cannot be given in evidence under[*59] the general issue.” And in People v. Olwell, 28 Cal. 462, this-court said: “At common law, upon a second indictment for the same offense, the prisoner could not avail himself of a former conviction under the plea of not guilty, but he was required to plead it specially.” And again in People v. Lee Yune Chong, 94 Cal. 386, this language is found: “ Counsel for appellant argue the question of ‘ once in jeopardy/ but that question can arise only after an issue has been made by a plea of ‘ once in jeopardy.’ ” An eminent author upon criminal law declares: “The law’s methods must be pursued by him who seeks the protection of the law. Hence, as to pleas, to be entitled to show a particular matter in defense he must tender the pled which the law has provided, in the law’s form and at the law’s time.” Again, the same author says: “ The only method for taking advantage of the former conviction or acquittal we have seen in this plea. Thus there cannot be an arrest of judgment.” (Bishop’s New Criminal Procedure, secs. 744, 813. See, also, Zachary v. State, 7 Baxt. 1; State v. Washington, 28 La. Ann. 129; Pitner v. State, 44 Tex. 578; State v. Barnes, 32 Me. 534; Richles v. State, 68 Ala. 538.) Section 1020 of the Penal Code in substance declares the same principle.

We see nothing violative of any constitutional provision in adhering to the foregoing views. While it is true the constitution declares that no man is to be placed twice in jeopardy for the samé offense, still, as Mr. Bishop says: “ The law’s methods must be pursued by him who seeks the protection of the law,” and this the defendant has not done. Again, the fact that the first trial was had in the same court, and before the same judge as the second trial, in no way excused the necessity of the plea of once in jeopardy. The whole question of once in jeopardy was entirely foreign to the case, unless raised by a special plea, and, when so raised, an issue of fact was presented, which the jury alone possessed the power to pass upon.

[*60] For the foregoing reasons the order granting a new trial is reversed and the cause remanded.

Van Fleet, J., and Harrison, J., concurred.

Hearing in Bank denied.

Beatty, C. J., dissented from the order denying a' hearing in Bank.