Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
25 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1985–2025 2 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Phelangreen2 sentences2007Osman, 157 Wash.2d at 484 , 139 P.3d 334 ; Schaaf, 109 Wash.2d at 17-18 , 743 P.2d 240 ; Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 . ¶ 32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. 2007Osman, 157 Wn.2d at 484 ; Schaaf, 109 Wn.2d at 17-18 ; Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 514 . ¶32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. | 2 | 6 |
State v. Schaafgreen2 sentences2008Second, the intermediate scrutiny test may apply `in limited circumstances': the Supreme Court has applied this test for gender-based classifications; this court has applied intermediate scrutiny to classifications affecting `both an important right (the right to liberty) and a semi-suspect class not accountable for its status (the poor).' Schaaf, at 18, 743 P.2d 240 .... 2007Osman, 157 Wn.2d at 484 ; Schaaf, 109 Wn.2d at 17-18 ; Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 514 . ¶32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. | 2 | 5 |
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogangreen2 sentences1997Ed. 2d 735 (1996) (applying the intermediate scrutiny standard as stated in Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718, 724 , 102 S. Ct. 3331 , 73 L. 1997Ed. 2d 735 (1996) (applying the intermediate scrutiny standard as stated in Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718, 724 , 102 S. Ct. 3331 , 73 L. | 1 | 2 |
United States v. Virginiagreen2 sentences1997See, e.g., United States v. Virginia, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 116 S.Ct. 2264, 2274 , 135 L.Ed.2d 735 (1996) (applying the intermediate scrutiny standard as stated in Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718, 724 , 102 S.Ct. 3331, 3335-36 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1090 (1982)). 1997See, e.g., United States v. Virginia, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 116 S.Ct. 2264, 2274 , 135 L.Ed.2d 735 (1996) (applying the intermediate scrutiny standard as stated in Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718, 724 , 102 S.Ct. 3331, 3335-36 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1090 (1982)). | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Cunninghamgreen1 sentence1991The State has a substantial interest in preventing the direct and indirect social ills which accompany drug dealing, United States v. Cunningham, 615 F. Supp. 519, 520 (S.D.N.Y. 1985), and thus in protecting children from the direct influence of drug activity and in protecting their schools from crimes like vandalism which may be associated with that activity. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Cookgreen1 sentence1988See also State v. Cook, 37 Wn. | 1 | 1 |
Plyler v. Doegreen2 sentences1986See Phelan II, at 512 (quoting Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 217-18 , 72 L. 1986See Phelan II, at 512 (quoting Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 217-18 , 72 L. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Westerman v. Cary
green
2 sentences2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra | 5 | 1997–2008 |
Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n
green
2 sentences2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra | 4 | 1996–2008 |
State v. Heiskell
green
2 sentences2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific | 2 | 2008–2008 |
State v. Heiskell
green
2 sentences2008Third, under the rational relationship test, ‘a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld “ ‘unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.’ ” ’ Schaaf , at 17 (quoting Phelan , at 512 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass’n, 90 Wn.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978))).” State v. Heiskell, 129 Wn.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wn.2d 277, 294-95 , 885 P.2d 827 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶83 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classification, so the ra 2008Third, under the rational relationship test, `a law is subjected to minimal scrutiny and will be upheld "`unless it rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of a legitimate state objective.'"' Schaaf, at 17, 743 P.2d 240 (quoting Phelan, at 512, 671 P.2d 1212 (quoting Nielsen v. Washington State Bar Ass'n, 90 Wash.2d 818, 820 , 585 P.2d 1191 (1978)))." State v. Heiskell, 129 Wash.2d 113, 123-24 , 916 P.2d 366 (1996) (alterations in original) (quoting Westerman v. Cary, 125 Wash.2d 277, 294-95 , 892 P.2d 1067 (1994)). ¶ 81 Prisoners are neither a suspect nor a semisuspect classific | 2 | 2008–2008 |
State v. Osman
green
2 sentences2007Osman, 157 Wash.2d at 484 , 139 P.3d 334 ; Schaaf, 109 Wash.2d at 17-18 , 743 P.2d 240 ; Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 . ¶ 32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. 2007Osman, 157 Wn.2d at 484 ; Schaaf, 109 Wn.2d at 17-18 ; Phelan, 100 Wn.2d at 514 . ¶32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. | 2 | 2007–2007 |
State v. Manussier
green
2 sentences2006Manussier, 129 Wash.2d at 673 , 921 P.2d 473 . 2006Manussier, 129 Wn.2d at 673 . | 2 | 2006–2006 |
Mota v. State
green
2 sentences2000Id. at 474 . 2000Id. at 474 , 788 P.2d 538 . | 2 | 2000–2000 |
State v. Lua
green
2 sentences1994Lua, 62 Wn. 1992Using either of the minimal scrutiny tests *23 cited in Danis , we find that the challenged statute withstands the appellants' equal protection claim. 9 Moreover, even if we were to apply the intermediate scrutiny test adopted in State v. Lua, 62 Wn. | 2 | 1992–1994 |
In re the Personal Restraint Petition of Fogle
green
1 sentence2025Id. at 63 . | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Harris v. Charles
green
1 sentence2015Harris, 171 Wn.2d at 462 . | 1 | 2015–2015 |
State v. Osman
green
2 sentences2007Osman, 157 Wash.2d at 484 , 139 P.3d 334 ; Schaaf, 109 Wash.2d at 17-18 , 743 P.2d 240 ; Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 . ¶ 32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. 2007Osman, 157 Wash.2d at 484 , 139 P.3d 334 ; Schaaf, 109 Wash.2d at 17-18 , 743 P.2d 240 ; Phelan, 100 Wash.2d at 514 , 671 P.2d 1212 . ¶ 32 Although Hegney asks us to apply either the strict scrutiny or the intermediate scrutiny test to his equal protection challenge, we decline to do so. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
State v. Manussier
green
1 sentence2006Manussier, 129 Wash.2d at 673 , 921 P.2d 473 . | 1 | 2006–2006 |
State v. Coria
neutral
1 sentence1992App. 34 , 813 P.2d 588 , review denied, 117 Wn.2d 1025 (1991) and State v. Coria, 62 Wn. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
State v. Danis
green
2 sentences1992When a physical liberty interest is at issue, there is a split between the divisions as to whether Washington courts should apply the intermediate scrutiny test or the rational basis test to analyze an equal protection challenge. 7 We adopt the reasoning of the case decided in Division One, State v. Danis, 64 Wn. 1992App. 814 , 826 P.2d 1096 , review denied, 119 Wn.2d 1015 (1992), and apply the rational basis test to the appellants' equal protection challenges. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
In Re the Personal Restraint of Blair
green
1 sentence1985In re Blair, 38 Wn. | 1 | 1985–1985 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.