copy instruction (California) · Go Syfert
← California issues

copy instruction in California

25 California opinions name it 2 courts 1918–2025 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
Dami v. Department of Alcoholic Beverage Controlgreen
calctapp · 1959 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1963–1969
2 sentences

1969In Dami v. Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control (1959) 176 Cal.App.2d 144,154 [ 1 Cal.Rptr. 213 ], it was held that neither due process nor section 11517 subdivision (b) required this to be done. ’ ’ IV.

1969In Dami v. Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control (1959) 176 Cal.App.2d 144,154 [ 1 Cal.Rptr. 213 ], it was held that neither due process nor section 11517 subdivision (b) required this to be done. ’ ’ IV.

22
Mechling v. Asbestosgreen
calctapp · 2018 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022(See Mechling v. Asbestos Defendants (2018) 29 Cal.App.5th 1241, 1247 [a declaration may show a defaulted defendant has a meritorious defense].) Although the trial court does not appear to have considered this requirement, it would have been an abuse of discretion for the court to have denied relief on this basis.

11
Thomas v. Lagunagreen
calctapp · 1952 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022(Thomas v. Laguna (1952) 113 Cal.App.2d 657, 660 [“The giving of an instruction will not be reviewed by an appellate court unless the record sets forth the questioned instruction”]; Null v. City of Los Angeles (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 1528, 1532 .) Although Neeble-Diamond acknowledges that our record does not include a copy of the instruction she challenges, she argues the omission can be overcome in two ways: first, she asks us to grant her motion to augment the record to include a copy of the jury instructions; second, she claims that the record contains sufficient information to allow us to in

11
People v. Cortezgreen
cal · 2016 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019Moreover, the court instructed jurors, both immediately after they were sworn and before the start of closing arguments, that "[i]f anything concerning the law said by the attorneys in their arguments or at any other time during the trial conflicts with my instructions **921 on the law, you must follow my instructions." (Cf. Cortez , supra , 63 Cal.4th at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 .) To guide their deliberations, jurors were also provided with a copy of this instruction and with CALJIC No. 2.90.

2019Moreover, the court instructed jurors, both immediately after they were sworn and before the start of closing arguments, that "[i]f anything concerning the law said by the attorneys in their arguments or at any other time during the trial conflicts with my instructions **921 on the law, you must follow my instructions." (Cf. Cortez , supra , 63 Cal.4th at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 .) To guide their deliberations, jurors were also provided with a copy of this instruction and with CALJIC No. 2.90.

11
People v. Nicolausgreen
cal · 1991 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
2 sentences

1993(See People v. Nicolaus (1991) 54 Cal.3d 551, 585 [ 286 Cal.Rptr. 628 , 817 P.2d 893 ].) 6.

1993(See People v. Nicolaus (1991) 54 Cal.3d 551, 585 [ 286 Cal.Rptr. 628 , 817 P.2d 893 ].) 6.

11
People v. Leegreen
cal · 1987 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989The prejudice standard of "harmless beyond a reasonable doubt" of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 21 [ 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 709 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 24 A.L.R.3d 1065 ] is applicable to an error in instruction completely removing the intent element of a crime from the jury's consideration and to contradictory and irreconcilable instructions on intent. ( People v. Lee (1987) 43 Cal.3d 666, 671-676 [ 238 Cal. Rptr. 406 , 738 P.2d 752 ].) The error in the instant case was clearly prejudicial under this test.

1989The prejudice standard of "harmless beyond a reasonable doubt" of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 21 [ 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 709 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 24 A.L.R.3d 1065 ] is applicable to an error in instruction completely removing the intent element of a crime from the jury's consideration and to contradictory and irreconcilable instructions on intent. ( People v. Lee (1987) 43 Cal.3d 666, 671-676 [ 238 Cal. Rptr. 406 , 738 P.2d 752 ].) The error in the instant case was clearly prejudicial under this test.

11
In Re Davisgreen
cal · 1979 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989The hearing shall be conducted by an individual who shall be independent of the case and shall take place within 30 days of the written notice.” 3 “A writ of habeas corpus may be sought to obtain a declaration and enforcement of a prisoner’s rights in confinement. [Citations.]’’ (In re Davis (1979) 25 Cal.3d 384, 387 [ 158 Cal.Rptr. 384 , 599 P.2d 690 ].) 4 Pursuant to California Code of Regulations, title 15, section 3320, subdivision (c)(1), failure to give an inmate a copy of a rule violation report, which is known as CDC Form 115 and is used to provide the notice of charges, within 15 days

1989The hearing shall be conducted by an individual who shall be independent of the case and shall take place within 30 days of the written notice.” 3 “A writ of habeas corpus may be sought to obtain a declaration and enforcement of a prisoner’s rights in confinement. [Citations.]’’ (In re Davis (1979) 25 Cal.3d 384, 387 [ 158 Cal.Rptr. 384 , 599 P.2d 690 ].) 4 Pursuant to California Code of Regulations, title 15, section 3320, subdivision (c)(1), failure to give an inmate a copy of a rule violation report, which is known as CDC Form 115 and is used to provide the notice of charges, within 15 days

11
Chapman v. Californiayellow
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989The prejudice standard of “harmless beyond a reasonable doubt” of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 21 [ 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 709 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 24 A.L.R.3d 1065 ] is applicable to an error in instruction completely removing the intent element of a crime from the jury’s consideration and to contradictory and irreconcilable instructions on intent.

1989The prejudice standard of “harmless beyond a reasonable doubt” of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 21 [ 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 709 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 24 A.L.R.3d 1065 ] is applicable to an error in instruction completely removing the intent element of a crime from the jury’s consideration and to contradictory and irreconcilable instructions on intent.

11
In Re Schoengarthgreen
cal · 1967 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
2 sentences

1982“Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding State, nor shall this procedure of waiver be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding State or of this State.” (Added by Stats. 1937, ch. 554, § 28, p. 1589.) (Italics added.) Case law has reiterated the requirements that such a waiver be signed before a magistrate with proper admonitions (In re Schoengarth (1967) 66 Cal.2d 295, 303 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 600 , 425 P.2d 200 ]) and that the wa

1982“Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding State, nor shall this procedure of waiver be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding State or of this State.” (Added by Stats. 1937, ch. 554, § 28, p. 1589.) (Italics added.) Case law has reiterated the requirements that such a waiver be signed before a magistrate with proper admonitions (In re Schoengarth (1967) 66 Cal.2d 295, 303 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 600 , 425 P.2d 200 ]) and that the wa

11
In Re Satterfieldgreen
cal · 1966 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
2 sentences

1982“Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding State, nor shall this procedure of waiver be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding State or of this State.” (Added by Stats. 1937, ch. 554, § 28, p. 1589.) (Italics added.) Case law has reiterated the requirements that such a waiver be signed before a magistrate with proper admonitions (In re Schoengarth (1967) 66 Cal.2d 295, 303 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 600 , 425 P.2d 200 ]) and that the wa

1982“Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding State, nor shall this procedure of waiver be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of the demanding State or of this State.” (Added by Stats. 1937, ch. 554, § 28, p. 1589.) (Italics added.) Case law has reiterated the requirements that such a waiver be signed before a magistrate with proper admonitions (In re Schoengarth (1967) 66 Cal.2d 295, 303 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 600 , 425 P.2d 200 ]) and that the wa

11
In Re Pattersongreen
cal · 1966 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
1 sentence

1982"Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the rights of the accused person to return voluntarily and without formality to the demanding State, nor shall this procedure of waiver be deemed to be an exclusive procedure or to limit the powers, rights or duties of the officers of *729 the demanding State or of this State." (Added by Stats. 1937, ch. 554, § 28, p. 1589.) (Italics added.) Case law has reiterated the requirements that such a waiver be signed before a magistrate with proper admonitions ( In re Schoengarth (1967) 66 Cal.2d 295, 303 [ 57 Cal. Rptr. 600 , 425 P.2d 200 ]) and that

11
India Paint and Lacquer Co. v. United Steel Prod. Corp.green
calctapp · 1954 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975
2 sentences

1975Corp., 123 Cal.App.2d 597, 608 [ 267 P.2d 408 ].) At trial, Dorman testified that he did not sign the contract dated October 31, 1968, but that he did read it on that date; that on November 3, 1968, he signed but did not read a contract represented to him to be the same as the one he had read on October 31; and that he did not receive a copy of the standard manufacturer’s warranty at the time he signed the contract even though the contract contained a clause stating that he acknowledged receipt of the warranty.

1975Corp., 123 Cal.App.2d 597, 608 [ 267 P.2d 408 ].) At trial, Dorman testified that he did not sign the contract dated October 31, 1968, but that he did read it on that date; that on November 3, 1968, he signed but did not read a contract represented to him to be the same as the one he had read on October 31; and that he did not receive a copy of the standard manufacturer’s warranty at the time he signed the contract even though the contract contained a clause stating that he acknowledged receipt of the warranty.

11
Curran v. Heslopgreen
calctapp · 1953 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1972–1972
2 sentences

1972(See Curran v. Helsop (1953) 115 Cal.App.2d 476, 480-481 [ 252 P.2d 378 ].) Even though the utility did not intend to deceive the developer in the precontract negotiations and in the form of the contract itself, the representation that the $3.35 per foot charge was authorized by its lawful tariffs was in fact made to induce the developer to enter into the contract.

1972(See Curran v. Helsop (1953) 115 Cal.App.2d 476, 480-481 [ 252 P.2d 378 ].) Even though the utility did not intend to deceive the developer in the precontract negotiations and in the form of the contract itself, the representation that the $3.35 per foot charge was authorized by its lawful tariffs was in fact made to induce the developer to enter into the contract.

11
Stoumen v. Munrogreen
calctapp · 1963 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1969–1969
2 sentences

1969This question was answered adversely to the appellant in the case of Stoumen v. Munro, 219 Cal.App.2d 302 at p. 314 [ 33 Cal.Rptr. 305 ], in which the court stated: “Appellant also complains that a copy of the hearing officer’s proposed decision was not served upon him or his attorney prior to its adoption thereof by the department.

1969This question was answered adversely to the appellant in the case of Stoumen v. Munro, 219 Cal.App.2d 302 at p. 314 [ 33 Cal.Rptr. 305 ], in which the court stated: “Appellant also complains that a copy of the hearing officer’s proposed decision was not served upon him or his attorney prior to its adoption thereof by the department.

11
Wilson v. Civil Service Commissiongreen
calctapp · 1964 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
2 sentences

1968(Italics added.) ...” Clearly the provisions of rule XIII were not inconsistent with the retirement statute and concerned “matters relating to the administrative procedure of the board. ’' (Cf. Wilson v. Civil Service Com., 224 Cal.App.2d 340, 345 [ 36 Cal.Rptr. 559 ].) At a meeting on December 8, 1965, the Board further considered petitioner’s application.

1968(Italics added.) ...” Clearly the provisions of rule XIII were not inconsistent with the retirement statute and concerned “matters relating to the administrative procedure of the board. ’' (Cf. Wilson v. Civil Service Com., 224 Cal.App.2d 340, 345 [ 36 Cal.Rptr. 559 ].) At a meeting on December 8, 1965, the Board further considered petitioner’s application.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

CaseCitedYears
Carpenter v. Superior Court green
calctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2023(Id. at p. 273.) Moreover, “[e]ven if it could be presumed that all ‘written standardized tests’ evaluating emotional and cognitive functioning were subject to copyright protection, it was not established that providing a copy of the test questions, 16. after an examination and by court order, would violate copyright law in every instance.” (Ibid.)9 The defendant also claimed disclosure of the test questions and the plaintiff’s answers would violate the examiner’s ethical and professional obligations, referring to the APA Ethical Standards. ( Carpenter, supra, 141 Cal.App.4th at pp. 274-275.)

2023(Id. at p. 273.) Moreover, “[e]ven if it could be presumed that all ‘written standardized tests’ evaluating emotional and cognitive functioning were subject to copyright protection, it was not established that providing a copy of the test questions, 16. after an examination and by court order, would violate copyright law in every instance.” (Ibid.)9 The defendant also claimed disclosure of the test questions and the plaintiff’s answers would violate the examiner’s ethical and professional obligations, referring to the APA Ethical Standards. ( Carpenter, supra, 141 Cal.App.4th at pp. 274-275.)

22023–2023
People v. Sheena K. green
cal · 2007
1 sentence

2025When deciding whether a condition imposed in sentencing is unconstitutionally vague, we must determine whether the rule “ ‘ “either forbids or requires the doing of an act in terms so vague that men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application.” ’ ” (In re Sheena K. (2007) 40 Cal.4th 875 , 890.) The necessary precursor to that analysis requires a copy of the rule challenged by defendant to be included in the record so that we may examine it under this test.

12025–2025
BBBB Bonding Corp. v. Caldwell green
calctapp · 2021
1 sentence

2025The form contract gives the surety authority to “apprehend, arrest and surrender” the bailee “to the proper officials” if, among other things: (1) the bailee leaves the 3 “The bail bond transaction is a function of two different contracts between three different parties—namely, (1) a contract between a criminal defendant and a surety under which the surety posts a bail bond in exchange for the defendant’s payment of a premium and his [or her] promise to pay the full amount of the bond in the event of his [or her] nonappearance, and (2) a contract between the surety and the People under which t

12025–2025
Jose Roberto Ramirez-Castro v. Immigration and Naturalization Service green
ca9 · 2002
1 sentence

2023(Ramirez-Castro v. I.N.S. (9th Cir. 2002) 287 F.3d 1172, 1174-1175 .) Also around 2010, Rolon went to speak with her plea counsel, Mr. De la Peña, to get a copy of her defense file, but she was told that he did not have any records.

12023–2023
Null v. City of Los Angeles green
calctapp · 1988
1 sentence

2022(Thomas v. Laguna (1952) 113 Cal.App.2d 657, 660 [“The giving of an instruction will not be reviewed by an appellate court unless the record sets forth the questioned instruction”]; Null v. City of Los Angeles (1988) 206 Cal.App.3d 1528, 1532 .) Although Neeble-Diamond acknowledges that our record does not include a copy of the instruction she challenges, she argues the omission can be overcome in two ways: first, she asks us to grant her motion to augment the record to include a copy of the jury instructions; second, she claims that the record contains sufficient information to allow us to in

12022–2022
People v. Daveggio & Michaud green
cal · 2018
2 sentences

2019(Cf. ibid . ) We presume not only that jurors follow instructions in general ( Daveggio , supra , 4 Cal.5th at p. 821 , 231 Cal.Rptr.3d 646 , 415 P.3d 717 ), but also "that jurors treat the court's instructions as a statement of the law by a judge, and the prosecutor's comments as words spoken by an advocate in an attempt to persuade" ( People v. Clair (1992) 2 Cal.4th 629 , 663, fn. 8, 7 Cal.Rptr.2d 564 , 828 P.2d 705 ; accord Cortez , at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 ).

2019(Cf. ibid . ) We presume not only that jurors follow instructions in general ( Daveggio , supra , 4 Cal.5th at p. 821 , 231 Cal.Rptr.3d 646 , 415 P.3d 717 ), but also "that jurors treat the court's instructions as a statement of the law by a judge, and the prosecutor's comments as words spoken by an advocate in an attempt to persuade" ( People v. Clair (1992) 2 Cal.4th 629 , 663, fn. 8, 7 Cal.Rptr.2d 564 , 828 P.2d 705 ; accord Cortez , at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 ).

12019–2019
People v. Clair green
cal · 1992
2 sentences

2019(Cf. ibid . ) We presume not only that jurors follow instructions in general ( Daveggio , supra , 4 Cal.5th at p. 821 , 231 Cal.Rptr.3d 646 , 415 P.3d 717 ), but also "that jurors treat the court's instructions as a statement of the law by a judge, and the prosecutor's comments as words spoken by an advocate in an attempt to persuade" ( People v. Clair (1992) 2 Cal.4th 629 , 663, fn. 8, 7 Cal.Rptr.2d 564 , 828 P.2d 705 ; accord Cortez , at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 ).

2019(Cf. ibid . ) We presume not only that jurors follow instructions in general ( Daveggio , supra , 4 Cal.5th at p. 821 , 231 Cal.Rptr.3d 646 , 415 P.3d 717 ), but also "that jurors treat the court's instructions as a statement of the law by a judge, and the prosecutor's comments as words spoken by an advocate in an attempt to persuade" ( People v. Clair (1992) 2 Cal.4th 629 , 663, fn. 8, 7 Cal.Rptr.2d 564 , 828 P.2d 705 ; accord Cortez , at p. 131, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 846 , 369 P.3d 521 ).

12019–2019
Perdue v. Crocker National Bank green
cal · 1985
1 sentence

2014(Perdue v. Crocker National Bank (1985) 38 Cal.3d 913, 922-924 , and cases cited therein.) Bank also introduced a copy of its standard account agreement operative on September 1, 2007, and printer’s proof of an earlier version of the account agreement.

12014–2014
Dart Industries, Inc. v. Commercial Union Insurance Co. green
cal · 2002
1 sentence

2014Co. (2002) 28 Cal.4th 1059, 1070 .) When there is evidence, as in this case, that a defendant executed a written advisement of rights form, and it can be inferred that the form was a standard form, a copy of the standard form itself constitutes evidence of the form the defendant executed, and is therefore admissible.

12014–2014
Weinstock v. Eissler green
calctapp · 1964
2 sentences

1966(Weinstock v. Eissier (1964) 224 Cal.App.2d 212 [ 36 Cal.Rptr. 537 ].) 2 Although the essential dates are not actually alleged, the copy of the claim attached as an exhibit to the complaint suggests that the filing was timely.

1966(Weinstock v. Eissier (1964) 224 Cal.App.2d 212 [ 36 Cal.Rptr. 537 ].) 2 Although the essential dates are not actually alleged, the copy of the claim attached as an exhibit to the complaint suggests that the filing was timely.

11966–1966
Silvers v. Grossman green
cal · 1920
2 sentences

1946While proper pleading would require plaintiff to show when the indebtedness became due and payable (Silvers v. Grossman, 183 Cal. 696 [ 192 P. 534 ]), the court specifically found that the deceased contracted to pay said sum out of proceeds from the sale of crops and that there were no proceeds from the crops out of which it could be paid during the lifetime of the deceased.

1946While proper pleading would require plaintiff to show when the indebtedness became due and payable (Silvers v. Grossman, 183 Cal. 696 [ 192 P. 534 ]), the court specifically found that the deceased contracted to pay said sum out of proceeds from the sale of crops and that there were no proceeds from the crops out of which it could be paid during the lifetime of the deceased.

11946–1946
Short v. Orland Oil Syndicate, Ltd. green
calctapp · 1938
1 sentence

1942The fact that a copy of the claim was attached to the complaint and admitted in appellants’ answerK as well as appellants’ failure to object to the introduction of evidence at the trial upon the stated ground of variance, point to the conclusion that appellants were not misled, and “a variance to be fatal must have misled or served to mislead the adverse party.” (Short v. Orland etc. Co., 29 Cal. App. (2d) 326, 329 [ 84 P. (2d) 324 ], citing Holden v. Mensinger, 175 Cal. 300 [ 165 Pac. 950 ].) Further, the fact that appellants introduced evidence controverting the claims of respondent, in part

11942–1942
Kennedy v. Board of Education green
cal · 1890
2 sentences

1942It is conceded that petitioner has not held a city certificate and that her petition does not come within the ruling of Kennedy v. Board of Education, 82 Cal. 483 [ 22 Pac. 1042 ].

1942It is conceded that petitioner has not held a city certificate and that her petition does not come within the ruling of Kennedy v. Board of Education, 82 Cal. 483 [ 22 Pac. 1042 ].

11942–1942
Holden v. Mensinger green
cal · 1917
1 sentence

1942The fact that a copy of the claim was attached to the complaint and admitted in appellants’ answerK as well as appellants’ failure to object to the introduction of evidence at the trial upon the stated ground of variance, point to the conclusion that appellants were not misled, and “a variance to be fatal must have misled or served to mislead the adverse party.” (Short v. Orland etc. Co., 29 Cal. App. (2d) 326, 329 [ 84 P. (2d) 324 ], citing Holden v. Mensinger, 175 Cal. 300 [ 165 Pac. 950 ].) Further, the fact that appellants introduced evidence controverting the claims of respondent, in part

11942–1942
Raymond v. Hill green
cal · 1914
2 sentences

1924Number 6 was a copy of an instruction which was approved by the court in Raymond v. Hill, 168 Cal. 473 , at page 479 [ 143 P. 743 ]. [5] Number 10 was as follows: "You are instructed that every pedestrian walking or standing in a public highway has a right to presume that all persons, including those operating and driving motor vehicles therein, know the law and that they will obey the law." It is claimed that this instruction assumed that Charles Garrison was walking or standing in the street between the curb lines and ahead of the automobile driven by the defendant.

1924Number 6 was a copy of an instruction which was approved by the court in Raymond v. Hill, 168 Cal. 473 , at page 479 [ 143 P. 743 ]. [5] Number 10 was as follows: "You are instructed that every pedestrian walking or standing in a public highway has a right to presume that all persons, including those operating and driving motor vehicles therein, know the law and that they will obey the law." It is claimed that this instruction assumed that Charles Garrison was walking or standing in the street between the curb lines and ahead of the automobile driven by the defendant.

11924–1924
People v. Valencia green
calctapp · 1917
11918–1918
People v. Rogers green
cal · 1912
11918–1918

Where else courts name it

NY 59 (1800–2026) GA 26 (1883–2020) CA 25 (1918–2025) FL 23 (1869–2026) IL 17 (1892–2020) PA 17 (1924–2026) TX 14 (1942–2025) OH 14 (1895–2026) AL 9 (1868–2012) NJ 9 (1950–2025) MO 8 (1894–1978) LA 8 (1911–2018) IN 8 (1912–2020) MI 8 (1919–2026) AR 6 (1924–2016) IA 6 (1891–2016) NM 5 (1952–2018) KY 5 (1909–1946) MD 5 (1911–2005) WA 4 (1942–2013) TN 4 (1950–2018) CT 4 (1908–1995) MN 4 (1990–2025) SC 4 (1918–1985) ID 3 (1950–2012) WI 3 (1892–2019) OK 3 (1930–1997) NC 2 (2021–2021) MA 2 (1995–2024) DC 2 (2003–2015) NE 2 (1907–1927) CO 2 (2012–2022) KS 2 (1978–2021) ME 2 (2015–2017) VA 2 (2020–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check