Baker factors (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
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Baker factors in Pennsylvania

22 Pennsylvania opinions name it 3 courts 1974–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
Marrero Ex Rel. Tabalas v. Com.green
pa · 1999 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Rather than analyze the Baker factors anew, however, the Commonwealth Court found that the question of justiciability was controlled by this Court’s decision in Marrero v. Commonwealth, 559 Pa. 14 , 739 A.2d 110 (1999) (“Marrero II"), which relied primarily upon Danson v. Casey, 484 Pa. 415 , 399 A.2d 360 (1979).

2017Rather than analyze the Baker factors anew, however, the Commonwealth Court found that the question of justiciability was controlled by this Court’s decision in Marrero v. Commonwealth, 559 Pa. 14 , 739 A.2d 110 (1999) (“Marrero II"), which relied primarily upon Danson v. Casey, 484 Pa. 415 , 399 A.2d 360 (1979).

22
Robinson Township v. Commonwealthgreen
pa · 2013 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Dist., 114 A.3d at 462 (citing Sweeney v. Tucker, 473 Pa. 493 , 375 A.2d 698 (1977), and quoting Robinson Twp. v. Commonwealth, 623 Pa. 564, 608-09 , 83 A.3d 901, 928 (2013)). 5 Rather than analyzing the Baker factors, however, the Commonwealth.

2017Dist., 114 A.3d at 462 (citing Sweeney v. Tucker, 473 Pa. 493 , 375 A.2d 698 (1977), and quoting Robinson Twp. v. Commonwealth, 623 Pa. 564, 608-09 , 83 A.3d 901, 928 (2013)). 5 Rather than analyzing the Baker factors, however, the Commonwealth.

22
Zemprelli v. Danielsgreen
pa · 1981 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1992–2017
2 sentences

2017We have held that, “[i]n contrast to the federal approach, notions of case or controversy and justiciability have no constitutional predicate, do not involve a court’s jurisdiction, and are regarded instead as prudential concerns implicating courts’ self-imposed limitations.” Robinson Twp., 83 A.3d at 917 ; 36 see Zemprelli v. Daniels, 496 Pa. 247 , 436 A.2d 1165, 1169 (1981) (quoting Laurence Tribe, American Constitutional Law 79 (1978)) (“Thus the political question doctrine, like other justiciability doctrines, at bottom reflects the mixture of constitutional interpretation and judicial dis

2017We have held that, “[i]n contrast to the federal approach, notions of case or controversy and justiciability have no constitutional predicate, do not involve a court’s jurisdiction, and are regarded instead as prudential concerns implicating courts’ self-imposed limitations.” Robinson Twp., 83 A.3d at 917 ; 36 see Zemprelli v. Daniels, 496 Pa. 247 , 436 A.2d 1165, 1169 (1981) (quoting Laurence Tribe, American Constitutional Law 79 (1978)) (“Thus the political question doctrine, like other justiciability doctrines, at bottom reflects the mixture of constitutional interpretation and judicial dis

12
Commonwealth v. Braceygreen
pasuperct · 2003 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See Bracey, 831 A.2d at 682-83 .

2024See Bracey, 831 A.2d at 682-83 .

11
Commonwealth v. Leanergreen
pasuperct · 2019 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See Leaner, 202 A.3d at 777 .

11
Commonwealth v. Bakergreen
pasuperct · 2013 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019“When a sentencing court has reviewed a presentence investigation report, we presume that the court properly considered and weighed all relevant factors - 13 - J-S23001-19 in fashioning the defendant’s sentence.” Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 663 (Pa. Super. 2013) (hereinafter, “the Baker presumption”).

2019“When a sentencing court has reviewed a presentence investigation report, we presume that the court properly considered and weighed all relevant factors - 13 - J-S23001-19 in fashioning the defendant’s sentence.” Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 663 (Pa. Super. 2013) (hereinafter, “the Baker presumption”).

11
Commonwealth v. Cicconegreen
pasuperct · 2016 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018Most of Baker’s brief is taken word-for-word from President Judge Emeritus Bender’s dissenting opinion in Commonwealth v. Ciccone, 152 A.3d 1004, 1010 (Pa.Super. 2016) (P.J.E.

11
Nixon v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

11
Powell v. McCormackgreen
scotus · 1969 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

11
Commonwealth v. Bedfordgreen
pasuperct · 2012 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See Bedford, 50 A.3d at 716 (“Even if the prosecutor’s arguments are improper, they generally will not form the basis for a new trial unless the comments unavoidably prejudiced the jury and prevented a true verdict.”); cf. Commonwealth v. Culver, 51 A.3d 866 (Pa.Super. 2012) (finding prejudice where prosecutor waived his finger in appellant’s face during - 13 - J-S75022-16 opening and closing statements, mischaracterized testimony during closing arguments, and misrepresented evidence before jury).

11
Commonwealth v. Lawsongreen
pasuperct · 1996 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013See Commonwealth v. Lawson, 448 Pa.Super. 445, 453 , 671 A.2d 1161, 1165 (1996) ("[T]he identity of illegal narcotic substances may be established by circumstantial evidence alone, without any chemical analysis of the seized contraband.”). .

2013See Commonwealth v. Lawson, 448 Pa.Super. 445, 453 , 671 A.2d 1161, 1165 (1996) ("[T]he identity of illegal narcotic substances may be established by circumstantial evidence alone, without any chemical analysis of the seized contraband.”). .

11
Commonwealth v. Hopkinsgreen
pasuperct · 2013 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 67 A.3d 817, 821 (Pa.Super.2013).

11
Commonwealth v. Jaspergreen
pa · 1999 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009We explained that, “[w]e are unwilling to prescribe a per se rule forbidding mention of the appellate process in death penalty cases, since there may be extraordinary circumstances, such as a response to a defense argument, that necessarily entail mention of the appellate process.” Id. at 198.

2009We explained that, "[w]e are unwilling to prescribe a per se rule forbidding mention of the appellate process in death penalty cases, since there may be extraordinary circumstances, such as a response to a defense argument, that necessarily entail mention of the appellate process." Id. at 198.

11
Commonwealth v. Henkelgreen
pasuperct · 2007 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Borjes v. Wichgreen
pasuperct · 1952 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1974–1974
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

CaseCitedYears
Erie Insurance Exchange v. Baker red
pa · 2009
2 sentences

2019Id. at 511 .

2017Id. at 510-11 .

22017–2019
Sweeney v. Tucker green
pa · 1977
2 sentences

2017Dist., 114 A.3d at 462 (citing Sweeney v. Tucker, 473 Pa. 493 , 375 A.2d 698 (1977), and quoting Robinson Twp. v. Commonwealth, 623 Pa. 564, 608-09 , 83 A.3d 901, 928 (2013)). 5 Rather than analyzing the Baker factors, however, the Commonwealth.

2017Dist., 114 A.3d at 462 (citing Sweeney v. Tucker, 473 Pa. 493 , 375 A.2d 698 (1977), and quoting Robinson Twp. v. Commonwealth, 623 Pa. 564, 608-09 , 83 A.3d 901, 928 (2013)). 5 Rather than analyzing the Baker factors, however, the Commonwealth.

22017–2017
Danson v. Casey green
pa · 1979
2 sentences

2017Rather than analyze the Baker factors anew, however, the Commonwealth Court found that the question of justiciability was controlled by this Court’s decision in Marrero v. Commonwealth, 559 Pa. 14 , 739 A.2d 110 (1999) (“Marrero II"), which relied primarily upon Danson v. Casey, 484 Pa. 415 , 399 A.2d 360 (1979).

2017Rather than analyze the Baker factors anew, however, the Commonwealth Court found that the question of justiciability was controlled by this Court’s decision in Marrero v. Commonwealth, 559 Pa. 14 , 739 A.2d 110 (1999) (“Marrero II"), which relied primarily upon Danson v. Casey, 484 Pa. 415 , 399 A.2d 360 (1979).

22017–2017
Marrero by Tabales v. Com. green
pacommwct · 1998
2 sentences

2017In particular, the' Commonwealth Court determined' that the Education Clause places sole responsibility for maintaining the state’s public school system in the hands of the Legislature and, as such, questions relating to what constitutes an “adequate” education or how much funding is needed are exclusively within the General Assembly’s purview and “are not subject to intervention by the judicial branch[.-]” Marrero I, 709 A.2d at 965-66 .

2017In particular, the Commonwealth Court determined that the Education Clause places sole responsibility for maintaining the state’s public school system in the hands of the Legislature and, as [J-82-2016] [M.O. - Wecht, J.] - 22 such, questions relating to what constitutes an “adequate” education or how much funding is needed are exclusively within the General Assembly’s purview and “are not subject to intervention by the judicial branch[.]” Marrero I, 709 A.2d at 965-66 .

22017–2017
Goebert v. Ondek green
pa · 1989
2 sentences

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

21992–1995
Ritter v. Commonwealth green
pa · 1989
2 sentences

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

21992–1995
Ritter v. Commonwealth green
pacommwct · 1988
2 sentences

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

1995In Dintzis , we pointed out that in Ritter v. Commonwealth, 120 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 374, 548 A.2d 1317 (1988), aff'd per curiam, 521 Pa. 536 , 557 A.2d 1064 (1989), this court, employing the Baker standard, held that the Pennsylvania House of Representatives has exclusive power over its internal affairs and proceedings and that we would not review the legislature’s internal affairs.

21992–1995
Commonwealth v. Finley green
pa · 1988
1 sentence

2024Additionally, Appellant’s appointed counsel, Matthew Parson, Esq., has filed an application to withdraw as counsel and a no-merit brief.1 Upon careful review, we affirm and grant counsel’s application to withdraw. ____________________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. 1 Attorney Parson titled the brief “Anders/Baker brief” and referenced Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) (setting forth the requirements for counsel to withdraw when a direct appeal is wholly frivolous) instead of filing a no-merit brief pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner,

12024–2024
Anders v. California green
scotus · 1967
1 sentence

2024Additionally, Appellant’s appointed counsel, Matthew Parson, Esq., has filed an application to withdraw as counsel and a no-merit brief.1 Upon careful review, we affirm and grant counsel’s application to withdraw. ____________________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. 1 Attorney Parson titled the brief “Anders/Baker brief” and referenced Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) (setting forth the requirements for counsel to withdraw when a direct appeal is wholly frivolous) instead of filing a no-merit brief pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner,

12024–2024
Commonwealth v. Turner green
pa · 1988
1 sentence

2024Additionally, Appellant’s appointed counsel, Matthew Parson, Esq., has filed an application to withdraw as counsel and a no-merit brief.1 Upon careful review, we affirm and grant counsel’s application to withdraw. ____________________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. 1 Attorney Parson titled the brief “Anders/Baker brief” and referenced Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967) (setting forth the requirements for counsel to withdraw when a direct appeal is wholly frivolous) instead of filing a no-merit brief pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner,

12024–2024
Commonwealth v. Derrickson green
pasuperct · 2007
2 sentences

2023Derrickson, supra. Because we likewise lack jurisdiction, see id., we affirm the PCRA court’s order denying Baker post-conviction relief.

2023Derrickson, supra. Because we likewise lack jurisdiction, see id., we affirm the PCRA court’s order denying Baker post-conviction relief.

12023–2023
Mikulsky v. Northtec, Inc. green
pa · 2017
1 sentence

2018Bender, dissenting), appeal denied, 169 A.3d 564 (Pa. 2017).

12018–2018
Baker v. Carr green
scotus · 1962
2 sentences

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

2017Id. at 210-11 , 82 S.Ct. 691 ; accord Nixon v. United States, 506 U.S. 224, 228 , 113 S.Ct. 732 , 122 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993); Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 521 , 89 S.Ct. 1944 , 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). “[Deference,” the Court said, “rests on reason, not habit.” Baker, 369 U.S. at 213 , 82 S.Ct. 691 . 35 Although Pennsylvania has employed the Baker factors in its own political question jurisprudence, we mine the doctrine from a different seam.

12017–2017
Commonwealth v. Culver green
pasuperct · 2012
1 sentence

2016See Bedford, 50 A.3d at 716 (“Even if the prosecutor’s arguments are improper, they generally will not form the basis for a new trial unless the comments unavoidably prejudiced the jury and prevented a true verdict.”); cf. Commonwealth v. Culver, 51 A.3d 866 (Pa.Super. 2012) (finding prejudice where prosecutor waived his finger in appellant’s face during - 13 - J-S75022-16 opening and closing statements, mischaracterized testimony during closing arguments, and misrepresented evidence before jury).

12016–2016
Commonwealth v. Rodriguez green
pa · 1991
2 sentences

2014Three years later, in Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 526 Pa. 268 , 585 A.2d 988 (1991), a case decided under the Fourth Amendment, we relied on Baker’s analysis to hold that another vehicular search, with yet again very different circumstances, was proper.

2014Three years later, in Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 526 Pa. 268 , 585 A.2d 988 (1991), a case decided under the Fourth Amendment, we relied on Baker’s analysis to hold that another vehicular search, with yet again very different circumstances, was proper.

12014–2014
Com. v. POSTLEY green
pa · 2007
12008–2008
Commonwealth v. Mawhinney green
pasuperct · 2006
1 sentence

2008Pa.R.A.P. 302; 7 Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(b)(1)(C); 8 Commonwealth v. Henkel, 938 A.2d 433, 445 (Pa.Super.2007), appeal denied by 955 A.2d 356 (Pa.2008); Commonwealth v. Mawhinney, 915 A.2d 107 , 109 fn. 1 (Pa.Super.2006), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 677 , 932 A.2d 1287 (2007). ¶ 12 Baker also argues that it was error for the trial court to allow the Commonwealth to play a DVD of a child, on rebuttal, as a prior consistent statement.

12008–2008
Com. v. GIANQUITTO-CANNON green
pa · 2008
1 sentence

2008Pa.R.A.P. 302; 7 Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(b)(1)(C); 8 Commonwealth v. Henkel, 938 A.2d 433, 445 (Pa.Super.2007), appeal denied by 955 A.2d 356 (Pa.2008); Commonwealth v. Mawhinney, 915 A.2d 107 , 109 fn. 1 (Pa.Super.2006), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 677 , 932 A.2d 1287 (2007). ¶ 12 Baker also argues that it was error for the trial court to allow the Commonwealth to play a DVD of a child, on rebuttal, as a prior consistent statement.

12008–2008
Baker v. ACandS green
pa · 2000
12007–2007
Commonwealth v. Baker green
pa · 1999
12003–2003
cluster 714797 green
· 1996
11999–1999
Baker v. Lafayette College green
pa · 1987
11999–1999
In Re Joint E. & S. Dist. Asbestos Litigation green
nysd · 1995
11999–1999

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 9545 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 49 (1891–2025) OH 23 (1992–2024) PA 22 (1974–2024) FL 20 (1985–2026) CA 17 (1916–2023) IN 15 (1987–2024) GA 14 (1976–2024) MS 13 (2002–2023) VA 11 (1993–2015) KY 10 (1986–2026) AL 9 (1993–2025) IA 9 (1997–2021) UT 9 (1986–2026) MO 7 (1903–2014) MD 6 (2004–2017) IL 6 (2001–2026) WA 6 (1986–2025) HI 6 (1998–2024) WI 6 (1971–2005) KS 6 (2005–2026) NJ 5 (1930–2001) OR 5 (1970–2018) TN 5 (1996–2018) ND 4 (2015–2019) MI 4 (1990–2018) WY 4 (2001–2023) MT 4 (1999–2021) LA 4 (1967–2005) NY 4 (1982–2007) VT 3 (1996–2024) NE 3 (1996–2017) AZ 3 (1985–2016) CO 3 (2009–2021) NV 3 (1981–2022) AK 3 (1982–2025) ME 3 (1980–1995) DE 3 (2018–2024) MN 2 (1932–2015) AR 2 (1999–2011) CT 2 (1990–2010) SD 2 (1999–1999) ID 2 (2012–2014) NC 2 (2013–2014)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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