gross deviation standard (Delaware) · Go Syfert
← Delaware issues

gross deviation standard in Delaware

16 Delaware opinions name it 3 courts 2003–2025 9 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Delaware courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Jardel Co., Inc. v. Hughesgreen
del · 1987 · cited in 9 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2017–2025
2 sentences

2025C. § 231(a). 27 Under this framework, gross negligence “signifies more than ordinary inadvertence or inattention,” but it remains “a degree of negligence, while recklessness connotes a different type of conduct akin to the intentional infliction of harm.”88 In cases involving business entities, however, gross negligence has acquired its own, special meaning and requires conduct akin to recklessness.89 By statute, Delaware has defined recklessness as a situation where “the person is aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the element exists or will result f

2025Though Kahlon resolved to remove Leo Group as a limited partner after a single, short call with Johnsen, the implication of that constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.” Id.; see id. § 231(a). 221 Jardel, 523 A.2d at 530 . 222 In re Lear Corp. S’holder Litig., 967 A.2d 640 , 652 n.45 (Del.

49
In Re Lear Corp. Shareholder Litigationgreen
delch · 2008 · cited in 3 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2024–2025
2 sentences

2025C. § 231(a). 27 Under this framework, gross negligence “signifies more than ordinary inadvertence or inattention,” but it remains “a degree of negligence, while recklessness connotes a different type of conduct akin to the intentional infliction of harm.”88 In cases involving business entities, however, gross negligence has acquired its own, special meaning and requires conduct akin to recklessness.89 By statute, Delaware has defined recklessness as a situation where “the person is aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the element exists or will result f

2025Though Kahlon resolved to remove Leo Group as a limited partner after a single, short call with Johnsen, the implication of that constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.” Id.; see id. § 231(a). 221 Jardel, 523 A.2d at 530 . 222 In re Lear Corp. S’holder Litig., 967 A.2d 640 , 652 n.45 (Del.

33
Brown v. United Water Delaware, Inc.green
del · 2010 · cited in 2 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017C. § 231. 51 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 3 A.3d 272, 276 (Del. 2010) (citing Pauley, 848 A.2d at 576 ). 52 Herksher, 115 A.3d at 1210 (Vaughn, J., dissenting) (quoting Cohen v. Kids Peace Natl Ctrs., Inc., 256 Fed.

2017C. § 231. 39 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 3 A.3d 272, 276 (Del. 2010) (citing Pauley, 848 A.2d at 576 ). 11 involving Baby Jarod.

22
Hecksher v. Fairwinds Baptist Church, Inc.green
del · 2015 · cited in 2 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Dist., 73 A.3d 1, 7 (Del. 2013) (internal quotations and citations omitted). 16 reasonable person would recognize that the act involves an unreasonable risk of harm to others.47 Gross negligence is a heightened standard of negligence that is defined as “an „extreme departure from the ordinary standard of care‟ that „signifies more than ordinary inadvertence or inattention.‟” 48 The Delaware Supreme Court has equated gross negligence to criminal negligence under Delaware‟s criminal code,49 characterizing the applicable standard as the failure “to perceive a risk . . . of such nature that failur

2017Dist., 73 A.3d 1, 7 (Del. 2013) (internal quotations and citations omitted). 16 reasonable person would recognize that the act involves an unreasonable risk of harm to others.47 Gross negligence is a heightened standard of negligence that is defined as “an „extreme departure from the ordinary standard of care‟ that „signifies more than ordinary inadvertence or inattention.‟” 48 The Delaware Supreme Court has equated gross negligence to criminal negligence under Delaware‟s criminal code,49 characterizing the applicable standard as the failure “to perceive a risk . . . of such nature that failur

22
McCaffrey v. City of Wilmingtongreen
del · 2016 · cited in 2 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2019–2024
2 sentences

2024“Willful and wanton misconduct is analogous to the conscious indifference or disregard for the rights of others and has commonly been referred to as the ‘I don’t care’ attitude.”132 Whether conduct amounts to either gross negligence or willful or wanton conduct is a question for the fact finder.133 129 Greenfield as Next Friend for Ford v. Miles, 211 A.3d 1087, 1101 (Del. 2019) (citing McCaffrey v. City of Wilm., 133 A.3d 536, 550 (Del. 2016)). 130 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 2010 WL 2052373 , at *4 (Del.

2019The risk must be of such a nature and degree that failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation." McCaffrey v. City of Wilmington , 133 A.3d 536 , 550 (Del. 2016).

12
Sisson v. Stategreen
del · 2006 · cited in 2 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016The risk must be of such a nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.”30 This definition of ‘reckless’ is used in both the criminal and civil 26 Id. at 301 . 27 Id. 28 Id. (quoting United States v. Jacobs, 986 F.2d 1231, 1235 (8th Cir.1993)). 29 21 Am.

2016The risk must be of such a nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.”30 This definition of ‘reckless’ is used in both the criminal and civil 26 Id. at 301 . 27 Id. 28 Id. (quoting United States v. Jacobs, 986 F.2d 1231, 1235 (8th Cir.1993)). 29 21 Am.

12
Greenfield v. DFS Director Milesgreen
del · 2019 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024“Willful and wanton misconduct is analogous to the conscious indifference or disregard for the rights of others and has commonly been referred to as the ‘I don’t care’ attitude.”132 Whether conduct amounts to either gross negligence or willful or wanton conduct is a question for the fact finder.133 129 Greenfield as Next Friend for Ford v. Miles, 211 A.3d 1087, 1101 (Del. 2019) (citing McCaffrey v. City of Wilm., 133 A.3d 536, 550 (Del. 2016)). 130 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 2010 WL 2052373 , at *4 (Del.

11
United States v. Omar Argueta-Rosalesgreen
ca9 · 2016 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023They just differ in terms of victim and severity of injury or death.”); id. at A33 (Defense’s opening) (“To be criminally neglect conduct, the defendant’s conduct must have posed a risk of death of such a nature and degree that his failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation of the standard of conduct a reasonable person would observe in the situation.”). 41 United States v. Argueta-Rosales, 819 F.3d 1149, 1156 (9th Cir. 2016) (“When a district court in a bench trial has made a legal error regarding the elements of an offense, the error is reviewed using the same harmless error standa

11
Cohen v. Kids Peace National Centers, Inc.green
ca3 · 2007 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017C. § 231. 51 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 3 A.3d 272, 276 (Del. 2010) (citing Pauley, 848 A.2d at 576 ). 52 Herksher, 115 A.3d at 1210 (Vaughn, J., dissenting) (quoting Cohen v. Kids Peace Natl Ctrs., Inc., 256 Fed.

11
Rogers v. Christina School Districtgreen
del · 2013 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Dist., 73 A.3d 1, 7 (Del. 2013) (internal quotations and citations omitted). 16 reasonable person would recognize that the act involves an unreasonable risk of harm to others.47 Gross negligence is a heightened standard of negligence that is defined as “an „extreme departure from the ordinary standard of care‟ that „signifies more than ordinary inadvertence or inattention.‟” 48 The Delaware Supreme Court has equated gross negligence to criminal negligence under Delaware‟s criminal code,49 characterizing the applicable standard as the failure “to perceive a risk . . . of such nature that failur

11
United States v. Ronald Foster Jacobsgreen
ca8 · 1993 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016The risk must be of such a nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.”30 This definition of ‘reckless’ is used in both the criminal and civil 26 Id. at 301 . 27 Id. 28 Id. (quoting United States v. Jacobs, 986 F.2d 1231, 1235 (8th Cir.1993)). 29 21 Am.

11
Waters v. Stategreen
del · 1982 · cited in 1 Delaware opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003"The basic difference between Manslaughter and Murder in the Second Degree ... is that the latter requires a showing that the homicide was committed `under circumstances which manifest a cruel, wicked and depraved indifference to human life,' while the former does not." Waters v. State, 443 A.2d 500, 502-03 (Del.1982). [7] That risk must be of such a nature and degree that a disregard of it constitutes "a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation." Del.Code Ann. tit. 11, § 231(c). [8] Delaware Criminal Code with Commentary 30 (1973). [

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Delaware. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (3)

CaseCitedYears
Pauley Ex Rel. Pauley v. Reinoehl green
del · 2004
2 sentences

2017C. § 231. 51 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 3 A.3d 272, 276 (Del. 2010) (citing Pauley, 848 A.2d at 576 ). 52 Herksher, 115 A.3d at 1210 (Vaughn, J., dissenting) (quoting Cohen v. Kids Peace Natl Ctrs., Inc., 256 Fed.

2017C. § 231. 39 Brown v. United Water Del., Inc., 3 A.3d 272, 276 (Del. 2010) (citing Pauley, 848 A.2d at 576 ). 11 involving Baby Jarod.

22017–2017
Storey v. Castner green
del · 1973
1 sentence

2023They just differ in terms of victim and severity of injury or death.”); id. at A33 (Defense’s opening) (“To be criminally neglect conduct, the defendant’s conduct must have posed a risk of death of such a nature and degree that his failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation of the standard of conduct a reasonable person would observe in the situation.”). 41 United States v. Argueta-Rosales, 819 F.3d 1149, 1156 (9th Cir. 2016) (“When a district court in a bench trial has made a legal error regarding the elements of an offense, the error is reviewed using the same harmless error standa

12023–2023
Alonzo v. State green
texcrimapp · 2011
1 sentence

2013Alonzo, 353 S.W.3d at 781 . .

12013–2013

Statutes the citing opinions construe

DE § 11 Del. C. § 231 (12) DE § 6 Del. C. § 18-1101 (3) DE § 8 Del. C. § 141 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 190 (1976–2026) NY 140 (1972–2025) IL 134 (1964–2026) CA 108 (1983–2026) PA 107 (1977–2026) TN 66 (1994–2026) OR 66 (1975–2026) MO 52 (1987–2025) GA 43 (1988–2026) CT 39 (1981–2025) KY 25 (1987–2026) UT 25 (1983–2026) ME 22 (1979–2025) AL 20 (1985–2025) NJ 19 (1979–2025) DE 16 (2003–2025) CO 15 (1982–2026) AZ 14 (1988–2024) WA 13 (1979–2024) KS 13 (2008–2026) NM 13 (2009–2023) HI 12 (1995–2026) AR 10 (1985–2026) VT 10 (1992–2025) MD 8 (1991–2022) AK 8 (1982–2023) MN 6 (1991–2015) WY 5 (1993–2024) NH 5 (2005–2017) LA 4 (1971–1991) FL 4 (1979–2017) MT 3 (1985–2006) MA 3 (2016–2025) WI 3 (2013–2013) DC 3 (2015–2017) MI 2 (2003–2017) NE 2 (1989–2002) OH 2 (1995–2000)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check