de facto doctrine (New York) · Go Syfert
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de facto doctrine in New York

14 New York opinions name it 6 courts 1968–2026 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Connorgreen
ny · 1984 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026See, e.g. , People v. Connor , 63 NY2d 11 , 14—15 (1984) (concluding that a defendant's failure to object to the presence of hearsay in an instrument, and decision to nevertheless proceed to trial, amounted to a de facto waiver of the right to prosecution by information).

11
Hawkins v. New York State Department of Corrections & Community Supervisiongreen
nyappdiv · 2016 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018As such, our Court was faced with multiple parole denials, potentially resulting in life without parole, and a record reflecting "irrationality bordering on impropriety" ( Matter of Hawkins v New York State Dept. of Corr. & Community Supervision , 140 AD3d at 40 [internal quotation marks and citations omitted] [Garry, J., [*4]concurring]), ostensibly creating a de facto violation of the Eighth Amendment.

11
DeVita v. City of Poughkeepsiegreen
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
1 sentence

2005Contrary to Prol’s argument on appeal, the failure of the City to notify it that the sale of the tax lien occurred was not a de facto violation of its right to not be deprived of property without due process of law (see DeVita v City of Poughkeepsie, 296 AD2d 523, 525 [2002]).

11
Lorisa Capital Corp. v. Gallogreen
nyappdiv · 1986 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
1 sentence

2001In De George v Yusko ( 169 AD2d 865, 866-867 [3d Dept 1991]), it was held that in “New York, a corporation, during its delinquency and until it receives retroactive de jure status, is essentially legally dead and has no de facto existence.” In Lorisa Capital Corp. v Gallo ( 119 AD2d 99, 110-111 [2d Dept 1986]), it was held that “a delinquent corporation may not avail itself of the de facto doctrine to preclude third parties from challenging its capacity to sue * * * Moreover, a corporation’s de jure existence is removed for the very purpose of securing compliance with the tax statute.

11
De George v. Yuskogreen
nyappdiv · 1991 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
1 sentence

2001In De George v Yusko ( 169 AD2d 865, 866-867 [3d Dept 1991]), it was held that in “New York, a corporation, during its delinquency and until it receives retroactive de jure status, is essentially legally dead and has no de facto existence.” In Lorisa Capital Corp. v Gallo ( 119 AD2d 99, 110-111 [2d Dept 1986]), it was held that “a delinquent corporation may not avail itself of the de facto doctrine to preclude third parties from challenging its capacity to sue * * * Moreover, a corporation’s de jure existence is removed for the very purpose of securing compliance with the tax statute.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

CaseCitedYears
Conway v. Samet green
nysupct · 1969
2 sentences

2005The court in rejecting this argument found that the legislative history indicated that this section was intended instead to codify the de facto doctrine in New York case law and the doctrine had been used by at least one court (Conway v Samet, 59 Misc 2d 666 [Sup Ct, Nassau County 1969]) following the amendment.

1980However, legislative history indicates that this section was in substance intended to codify the de facto doctrine as found in New York case law (NY Legis Doc, 1961, No. 12, p 61), and the doctrine has been used by at least one court following the amendment (see Conway v Samet, 59 Misc 2d 666, 669 ).

21980–2005
The People v. . Petrea green
ny · 1883
2 sentences

1976The rule was first stated in People v Petrea ( 92 NY 128, 143-144 ): "The jury which found the indictment was a de facto jury selected and organized under the forms of law.

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

21973–1976
Berkshire Engineering Corp. v. Scott-Paine green
nycountyct · 1961
1 sentence

2001Recognition of de facto status would directly subvert the effectiveness of the sanctions for franchise tax delinquency, removing all incentive for a dissolved corporation to seek reinstatement.” (See also Italian Mosaic & Marble Co. v City of Niagara Falls, 131 Misc 281 [Sup Ct, Niagara County 1928] [holding that a nonqualified foreign corporation may not have filed an enforceable lien with respect to a public improvement]; Berkshire Eng’g Corp. v Scott-Paine, 29 Misc 2d 1010 [Columbia County Ct 1961].) Accordingly, the motion of Sales to discharge the subject lien is granted.

12001–2001
Italian Mosaic & Marble Co. v. City of Niagara Falls green
nysupct · 1928
1 sentence

2001Recognition of de facto status would directly subvert the effectiveness of the sanctions for franchise tax delinquency, removing all incentive for a dissolved corporation to seek reinstatement.” (See also Italian Mosaic & Marble Co. v City of Niagara Falls, 131 Misc 281 [Sup Ct, Niagara County 1928] [holding that a nonqualified foreign corporation may not have filed an enforceable lien with respect to a public improvement]; Berkshire Eng’g Corp. v Scott-Paine, 29 Misc 2d 1010 [Columbia County Ct 1961].) Accordingly, the motion of Sales to discharge the subject lien is granted.

12001–2001
In re the Estate of Behr green
nyappdiv · 1993
1 sentence

1994If there is any doubt, the motion to dismiss must be denied (Matter of Behr, supra).

11994–1994
Garzo v. Maid of the Mist Steamboat Co. green
ny · 1952
1 sentence

1986De facto recognition requires both a good-faith exercise of corporate powers and colorable compliance with the enabling statute (see, Lattin, Corporations § 57, at 184 [2d Ed]; Corporate Tax Delinquency, 41 NYU L Rev 602, 613; Garzo v Maid of Mist Steamboat Co., 303 NY 516 [de facto status recognized where good-faith exercise of corporate powers, including the payment of dividends and taxes, followed inadvertent failure to timely file certificate extending corporate life under enabling statute]).

11986–1986
Perry v. Sindermann green
scotus · 1972
1 sentence

1983Petitioner argues that respondent, through its actions or inactions, “left his position in limbo” thereby creating a de facto claim to continued employment, terminable only after a hearing (see Perry v Sindermann, 408 US 593, 600 ).

11983–1983
Pesner v. County Court of Rockland green
nyappdiv · 1973
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
People v. White green
nyappdiv · 1974
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
People v. . Youngs green
· 1896
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
People v. Pizzimenti neutral
nysupct · 1958
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
People v. Whalen green
nycountyct · 1960
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
People v. AuClair green
nycountyct · 1973
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
Goss v. Lopez green
scotus · 1975
1 sentence

1976The application and interpretation of the due process clause are intensely practical matters (Goss v Lopez, supra, p 577 ).

11976–1976
People v. Scannell neutral
nygensess · 1902
1 sentence

1976(People v Petrea, supra [grand jurors drawn from list of petit jurors]; People v Youngs, 151 NY 210 ; People v Scannell, 37 Misc 345 ; People v Pizzimenti, 13 Misc 2d 82 [two grand jurors were government employees with salaries in excess of $1,000 per year]; People v Whalen, 26 Misc 2d 714 [Grand Jury foreman disqualified]; Matter of Pesner v County Ct. of County of Rockland, 42 AD2d 275 [improper extension of Grand Jury term]; People v White, 44 AD2d 749 [foreman a convicted felon]; People v AuClair, 74 Misc 2d 704 .) In the instant case there is no allegation of fraud or deprivation, and the

11976–1976
The PEOPLE v. Hall green
ill · 1959
1 sentence

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

11973–1973
People v. Kaplan green
mich · 1931
2 sentences

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

1973There cannot be a more appropriate application of the de facto doctrine than to such a body as a grand jury de facto while thus holding over and doing business in the October term of the court.” This construction has been followed in Michigan as well as in Wisconsin (People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ).

11973–1973
State v. Brown neutral
moctapp · 1917
1 sentence

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

11973–1973
State ex rel. Dunn v. Noyes green
· 1894
1 sentence

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

11973–1973
State v. Wescott neutral
wis · 1927
2 sentences

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

1973There cannot be a more appropriate application of the de facto doctrine than to such a body as a grand jury de facto while thus holding over and doing business in the October term of the court.” This construction has been followed in Michigan as well as in Wisconsin (People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ).

11973–1973
People v. Morgan neutral
mich · 1903
2 sentences

1973Dunn v. Noyes, 87 Wis. 340 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ; People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Hall, 16 Ill. 2d 223 ; Buchler v. District Ct. of County of Arapahoe, 158 Col. 205 ; State v. Brown, 195 Mo. App. 590 ).

1973There cannot be a more appropriate application of the de facto doctrine than to such a body as a grand jury de facto while thus holding over and doing business in the October term of the court.” This construction has been followed in Michigan as well as in Wisconsin (People v. Kaplan, 256 Mich. 36 ; People v. Morgan, 133 Mich. 550 ; State v. Wescott, 194 Wis. 410 ).

11973–1973
Lamming v. . Galusha neutral
ny · 1896
1 sentence

1968If, on the other hand, as plaintiff urges, it is held that the de facto doctrine applies to a “ corporation ” that has taken all steps required of it to comply with the statutory requirements . of incorporation but whose certificate has not beep, filed by the Department of State, it follows, under the traditional view of the de facto doctrine, that such a corporation has legal existence and possesses the same rights, powers, duties and liabilities as a de jure corporation in relation to all persons except the State, including the right to sue and be sued in its corporate name (Lamming v. Galus

11968–1968
Sacks v. Anne Realty Co. green
nysupct · 1927
1 sentence

1968If, on the other hand, as plaintiff urges, it is held that the de facto doctrine applies to a “ corporation ” that has taken all steps required of it to comply with the statutory requirements . of incorporation but whose certificate has not beep, filed by the Department of State, it follows, under the traditional view of the de facto doctrine, that such a corporation has legal existence and possesses the same rights, powers, duties and liabilities as a de jure corporation in relation to all persons except the State, including the right to sue and be sued in its corporate name (Lamming v. Galus

11968–1968

Where else courts name it

PA 38 (1976–2026) CA 28 (1991–2025) IL 22 (1928–2020) NY 14 (1968–2026) NJ 13 (1900–2022) UT 12 (1983–2017) VA 10 (2002–2025) LA 10 (1961–2026) MO 8 (1882–2019) MI 8 (1903–2023) CT 7 (1983–2019) TN 7 (1930–2009) CO 6 (1918–2023) FL 5 (1975–2025) TX 5 (1948–2015) IA 5 (1960–2022) AZ 4 (1973–2024) MN 4 (1948–2003) MD 4 (2013–2022) IN 4 (1975–2005) NM 4 (1943–2003) WA 4 (1984–2016) NV 4 (2015–2015) AR 4 (1927–2000) MS 3 (1995–2016) HI 3 (2013–2025) NC 3 (2003–2022) AK 3 (1977–1994) VT 2 (1983–1990) SD 2 (1954–1986) ME 2 (1909–2011) WI 2 (1998–2024) MA 2 (1916–2020) MT 2 (1918–2005) OK 2 (1962–1967)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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