upon hearing (Washington) · Go Syfert
← Washington issues

upon hearing in Washington

13 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1899–1997 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (0)

CaseFollowedCited
No positive-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington.

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (26)

CaseCitedYears
Hilltop Terrace Homeowner's Ass'n v. Island County green
wash · 1995
2 sentences

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
Marshall v. Western Air Lines, Inc. green
washctapp · 1991
1 sentence

1997Marshall v. Western Air Lines, Inc., 62 Wn.

11997–1997
Rains v. State green
wash · 1983
2 sentences

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
London v. City of Seattle green
wash · 1980
2 sentences

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
Keiffer v. King County green
wash · 1977
2 sentences

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
Kemp v. City of Seattle green
wash · 1928
2 sentences

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
Buzynski v. Luckenbach S. S. Co. neutral
scotus · 1929
1 sentence

1997Davis, Administrative Law Treatise § 21:9, at 78 (2d ed. 1983)). 10 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 (quoting Rains v. State, 100 Wn.2d 660, 663 , 674 P.2d 165 (1983)). 11 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 32 . 12 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 33 . 13 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 28-29 . 14 RCW 47.60.010(3)(b). 15 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 8 (1971). 16 Hilltop Terrace, 126 Wn.2d at 30 -31 (quoting 18 Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4403, at 12-15 (1981)). 17 RCW 7.16.120(3) ("The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the h

11997–1997
Ancheta v. Daly green
wash · 1969
2 sentences

1993RCW 7.16.120 provides: "The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the hearing are: "(1) Whether the body or officer had jurisdiction of the subject matter of the determination under review. "(2) Whether the authority, conferred upon the body or officer in relation to that subject matter, has been pursued in the mode required by law, in order to authorize it or to make the determination. "(3) Whether, in making the determination, any rule of law affecting the rights of the parties thereto has been violated to the prejudice of the relator. "(4) Whether there was any c

1993RCW 7.16.120 provides: "The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the hearing are: "(1) Whether the body or officer had jurisdiction of the subject matter of the determination under review. "(2) Whether the authority, conferred upon the body or officer in relation to that subject matter, has been pursued in the mode required by law, in order to authorize it or to make the determination. "(3) Whether, in making the determination, any rule of law affecting the rights of the parties thereto has been violated to the prejudice of the relator. "(4) Whether there was any c

11993–1993
Parkridge v. City of Seattle green
wash · 1978
2 sentences

1993Parkridge v. Seattle, 89 Wn.2d 454, 459 , 573 P.2d 359 (1978).

1993Parkridge v. Seattle, 89 Wn.2d 454, 459 , 573 P.2d 359 (1978).

11993–1993
Polygon Corp. v. City of Seattle green
wash · 1978
2 sentences

1993RCW 7.16.120 provides: "The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the hearing are: "(1) Whether the body or officer had jurisdiction of the subject matter of the determination under review. "(2) Whether the authority, conferred upon the body or officer in relation to that subject matter, has been pursued in the mode required by law, in order to authorize it or to make the determination. "(3) Whether, in making the determination, any rule of law affecting the rights of the parties thereto has been violated to the prejudice of the relator. "(4) Whether there was any c

1993RCW 7.16.120 provides: "The questions involving the merits to be determined by the court upon the hearing are: "(1) Whether the body or officer had jurisdiction of the subject matter of the determination under review. "(2) Whether the authority, conferred upon the body or officer in relation to that subject matter, has been pursued in the mode required by law, in order to authorize it or to make the determination. "(3) Whether, in making the determination, any rule of law affecting the rights of the parties thereto has been violated to the prejudice of the relator. "(4) Whether there was any c

11993–1993
Milk Wagon Drivers Union, Local 753 v. Meadowmoor Dairies, Inc. green
scotus · 1941
2 sentences

1941Upon oral argument, appellant contended that, even so, that duty can be properly discharged in the instant case by reversing the lower court upon the rule announced by the supreme court in its opinion in Milk Wagon Drivers Union v. Meadowmoor Dairies , 312 U.S. 287 , 85 L.Ed. 386 , 61 S.Ct. 552 , 132 A.L.R. 1200 .

1941Upon oral argument, appellant contended that, even so, that duty can be properly discharged in the instant case by reversing the lower court upon the rule announced by the supreme court in its opinion in Milk Wagon Drivers Union v. Meadowmoor Dairies , 312 U.S. 287 , 85 L.Ed. 386 , 61 S.Ct. 552 , 132 A.L.R. 1200 .

11941–1941
Paysse v. Paysse green
wash · 1915
2 sentences

1940Appellants further rely upon the text of Pomeroy’s Equity Jurisprudence, as quoted in our opinion in Paysse v. Paysse, 86 Wash. 349 , 150 Pac. 622 .

1940Appellants further rely upon the text of Pomeroy’s Equity Jurisprudence, as quoted in our opinion in Paysse v. Paysse, 86 Wash. 349 , 150 Pac. 622 .

11940–1940
Mann v. Bank of Greenfield green
mo · 1929
2 sentences

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

11937–1937
Duckett v. National Mechanics' Bank green
md · 1897
2 sentences

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

11937–1937
Locke v. Andrasko green
wash · 1934
2 sentences

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

11937–1937
Elliott v. Landis Machine Co. neutral
mo · 1911
2 sentences

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

1937Locke v. Andrasko, 178 Wash. 145 , 34 P. (2d) 444 ; Elliott v. Landis Machine Co., 236 Mo. 546 , 139 S. W. 356 ; Mann v. Bank of Greenfield, 323 Mo. 1000 , 20 S. W. (2d) 502 ; Duckett v. National Mechanics’ Bank, 86 Md. 400 , 38 Atl. 983 , 63 Am.

11937–1937
Ericson v. Ericson neutral
wash · 1921
1 sentence

1931In Ericson v. Ericson, 114 Wash. 485 , 194 Pac. 234 , where there was drawn in question the custody and support of minor children after the rendering of the decree of divorce, we said: “It ought not to require any very definite allegations in a petition in matters of this character to start the court upon an inquiry. . . .

11931–1931
Besoloff v. Whatcom County neutral
wash · 1925
2 sentences

1928The cases so announcing the rule will be found collected in the case of Besoloff v. Whatcom County, 133 Wash. 109 , 233 Pac. 284 , and need no further reference.

1928The cases so announcing the rule will be found collected in the case of Besoloff v. Whatcom County, 133 Wash. 109 , 233 Pac. 284 , and need no further reference.

11928–1928
Chandler v. City of Seattle green
wash · 1914
2 sentences

1919The latest expression of this court upon this doctrine will be found in Chandler v. Seattle, 80 Wash. 154 , 141 Pac. 331 .

1919The latest expression of this court upon this doctrine will be found in Chandler v. Seattle, 80 Wash. 154 , 141 Pac. 331 .

11919–1919
Rogers v. Superior Court of S.F. green
cal · 1904
2 sentences

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

11914–1914
Overend v. Superior Court green
cal · 1900
2 sentences

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

11914–1914
Toepel v. Wayne Circuit Judge green
mich · 1904
1 sentence

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

11914–1914
In re Toepel neutral
mich · 1905
1 sentence

1914(Overend v. Superior Court, 131 Cal. 280, 286 , 63 Pac. 372 ; Rogers v. Superior Court, 145 Cal. 88 , 78 Pac. 344 .) In such a case, it is immaterial what maybe shown to the court upon the hearing, or specified and found by the court in its decree adjudging the accused guilty of contempt.” A substantial and general statement of the facts will give the court jurisdiction, provided the facts alleged constitute a contempt. 9 Cyc. 38; In re Toepel, 139 Mich. 85 , 102 N. W. 369 ; State ex rel.

11914–1914
State ex rel. Webb v. District Court green
mont · 1908
2 sentences

1914Webb v. District Court, 37 Mont. 191 , 95 Pac. 593 .

1914Webb v. District Court, 37 Mont. 191 , 95 Pac. 593 .

11914–1914
State ex rel. Dutch Miller Mining & Smelting Co. v. Superior Court neutral
wash · 1902
2 sentences

1903Dutch Miller Mining & Smelting Co. v. Superior Court, 30 Wash. 43 ( 70 Pac. 102 ), this motion must be sustained, and that part of the statement relating to the trial upon the hearing for final distribution must be stricken.

1903Dutch Miller Mining & Smelting Co. v. Superior Court, 30 Wash. 43 ( 70 Pac. 102 ), this motion must be sustained, and that part of the statement relating to the trial upon the hearing for final distribution must be stricken.

11903–1903
Darnell v. State green
texapp · 1887
1 sentence

1899In Darnell v. State, 24 Tex. App. 6 ( 5 S. W. 522 ), the court of appeals of Texas held that the judgment of the trial court upon an inquiry, after conviction, as to the question of insanity, was conclusive, and that no appeal would lie therefrom.

11899–1899

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 7.16.120 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 54 (1837–2014) CA 46 (1881–2025) TX 36 (1858–2007) OK 27 (1894–2015) MO 26 (1879–1995) IL 26 (1854–2011) NC 25 (1796–1987) IN 25 (1859–2015) GA 23 (1897–2016) FL 23 (1901–2000) KS 15 (1866–1997) WA 13 (1899–1997) MI 13 (1867–1984) VA 13 (1857–2005) OR 13 (1872–1993) OH 13 (1890–2025) AL 12 (1853–1977) ID 11 (1907–1989) CO 10 (1871–2009) PA 10 (1865–1987) WV 9 (1882–1960) AR 7 (1912–1958) NE 6 (1886–2003) WI 6 (1870–1951) LA 6 (1944–2010) MT 6 (1872–1955) MD 5 (1908–2013) IA 5 (1868–1963) MS 5 (1936–1982) TN 5 (1906–2012) KY 4 (1918–1971) VT 4 (1860–1936) MA 4 (1879–1995) WY 4 (1898–1998) MN 4 (1876–1945) NJ 3 (1936–1956) AZ 3 (1896–1938) ND 3 (1921–1986) NM 3 (1948–2016) UT 2 (1935–1971) CT 2 (1910–2002) SC 2 (1911–1949) SD 2 (1906–1977)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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