warrantless search exception (North Dakota) · Go Syfert
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warrantless search exception in North Dakota

12 North Dakota opinions name it 1 courts 1995–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Dakota courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Gregggreen
nd · 2000 · cited in 3 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶11] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶11] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

33
Bank of North Dakota v. Browngreen
nd · 2012 · cited in 3 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶11] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶12] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

33
State v. Gagnongreen
nd · 2012 · cited in 3 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶11] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶12] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

33
Stoner v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1964 · cited in 3 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶11] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

2014Stoner v. State of Cal. , 376 U.S. 483, 490 (1964) (stating, “No less than a tenant of a house, or the occupant of a room in a boarding house . . . a guest in a hotel room is entitled to constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.”); see, e.g. , State v. Gregg , 2000 ND 154, ¶ 24 , 615 N.W.2d 515 . [¶12] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Gagnon , 2012 ND 198, ¶ 8 , 821 N.W.2d 373 .

33
State v. Fuglestengreen
nd · 2024 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026“In a motion to suppress, a person alleging a Fourth Amendment violation has an initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of an illegal search or seizure.” Id. (citation omitted).

2026“Under the automobile exception, law enforcement may search for illegal contraband without a warrant when probable cause exists.” Id. (citation omitted). [¶9] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” Fuglesten, 2024 ND 74, ¶ 10 (citations omitted).

11
Lubenow v. North Dakota State Highway Commissionergreen
nd · 1989 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Comm’r, 438 N.W.2d 528, 531-32 (N.D. 1989), we explained Lubenow had no expectation of privacy regarding his activities in an open garage, but Lubenow had a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding the officer’s intrusion into his garage. [¶10] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

11
State v. Steelegreen
nd · 2023 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024“In a motion to suppress, a person alleging a Fourth Amendment violation has an initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of an illegal search or seizure.” Steele, 2023 ND 220, ¶ 8 (cleaned up).

11
Interest of E.L.green
nd · 2015 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023“Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 2 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

11
United States v. Fieldgreen
wiwd · 1994 · cited in 1 North Dakota opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
1 sentence

1995See United States v. Field, 855 F.Supp. 1518 (W.D.Wis.1994); United States v. Ishmael, 843 F.Supp. 205 (E.D.Tex.1994); State v. Young, 123 Wash.2d 173 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Dakota. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (15)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Kuruc green
nd · 2014
2 sentences

2024Comm’r, 438 N.W.2d 528, 531-32 (N.D. 1989), we explained Lubenow had no expectation of privacy regarding his activities in an open garage, but Lubenow had a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding the officer’s intrusion into his garage. [¶10] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

2024Comm’r, 438 N.W.2d 528, 531-32 (N.D. 1989), we explained Lubenow had no expectation of privacy regarding his activities in an open garage, but Lubenow had a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding the officer’s intrusion into his garage. [¶10] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

22023–2024
State v. Williams green
nd · 2015
2 sentences

2024Comm’r, 438 N.W.2d 528, 531-32 (N.D. 1989), we explained Lubenow had no expectation of privacy regarding his activities in an open garage, but Lubenow had a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding the officer’s intrusion into his garage. [¶10] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

2024Comm’r, 438 N.W.2d 528, 531-32 (N.D. 1989), we explained Lubenow had no expectation of privacy regarding his activities in an open garage, but Lubenow had a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding the officer’s intrusion into his garage. [¶10] “Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule.” State v. Williams, 2015 ND 103, ¶ 7 , 862 N.W.2d 831 (quoting State v. Kuruc, 2014 ND 95, ¶ 12 , 846 N.W.2d 314 ).

22023–2024
State v. Torkelsen green
nd · 2008
2 sentences

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

22016–2016
State v. Graf green
nd · 2006
2 sentences

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

22016–2016
State v. Mitzel green
nd · 2004
2 sentences

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

2016Mitzel , 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N.W.2d 120 . [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelsen , 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 (quoting Graf , 2006 ND 196, ¶ 9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ).

22016–2016
City of Jamestown v. Casarez green
nd · 2021
2 sentences

2023In a motion to suppress, “[a] person alleging a Fourth Amendment violation has an initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of an illegal search or seizure.” City of Jamestown v. Casarez, 2021 ND 71, ¶ 16 , 958 N.W.2d 467 (quoting Schmidt, 2016 ND 187, ¶ 8 ).

2023In a motion to suppress, “[a] person alleging a Fourth Amendment violation has an initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of an illegal search or seizure.” City of Jamestown v. Casarez, 2021 ND 71, ¶ 16 , 958 N.W.2d 467 (quoting Schmidt, 2016 ND 187, ¶ 8 ).

12023–2023
State v. Schmidt green
nd · 2016
1 sentence

2023In a motion to suppress, “[a] person alleging a Fourth Amendment violation has an initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of an illegal search or seizure.” City of Jamestown v. Casarez, 2021 ND 71, ¶ 16 , 958 N.W.2d 467 (quoting Schmidt, 2016 ND 187, ¶ 8 ).

12023–2023
State v. Biwer green
nd · 2018
2 sentences

2019"Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule." Williams , at ¶ 7 ; State v. Biwer , 2018 ND 185 , ¶ 13, 915 N.W.2d 837 .

2019"Evidence discovered during a warrantless search when no exception exists must be suppressed under the exclusionary rule." Williams , at ¶ 7 ; State v. Biwer , 2018 ND 185 , ¶ 13, 915 N.W.2d 837 .

12019–2019
State v. Avila green
nd · 1997
2 sentences

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

12016–2016
State v. Hayes green
nd · 2012
1 sentence

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

12016–2016
State v. Hayes green
nd · 2012
1 sentence

2016Mitzel, 2004 ND 157, ¶ 12 , 685 N,W.2d 120. [¶23] “‘Consent is one exception to the warrant requirement,’ but the consent must be voluntary and the State has the burden of proof.” Torkelseri, 2008 ND 141, ¶ 21 , 752 N.W.2d 640 ' (quoting Graf, 2006 ND 196, ¶9 , 721 N.W.2d 381 ), “A district court must ‘determine whether the consent was voluntary under the totality of the circumstances.’ ” State v. Hayes, 2012 ND 9, ¶ 38 , 809 N.W.2d 309 (quoting State v. Avila, 1997 ND 142, ¶ 16 , 566 N.W.2d 410 ).

12016–2016
Segura v. United States green
scotus · 1984
2 sentences

2012Id. at ¶ 12. [¶ 9] The State argues Niebuhr’s “quick walk” through Gagnon’s residence was lawful under the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Segura v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 , 104 S.Ct. 3380 , 82 L.Ed.2d 599 (1984).

2012Id. at ¶ 12. [¶ 9] The State argues Niebuhr’s “quick walk” through Gagnon’s residence was lawful under the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Segura v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 , 104 S.Ct. 3380 , 82 L.Ed.2d 599 (1984).

12012–2012
State v. Blumler green
nd · 1990
1 sentence

1998Blu mler, 458 N.W.2d at 302 .

11998–1998
United States v. Ishmael green
txed · 1994
1 sentence

1995See United States v. Field, 855 F.Supp. 1518 (W.D.Wis.1994); United States v. Ishmael, 843 F.Supp. 205 (E.D.Tex.1994); State v. Young, 123 Wash.2d 173 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994).

11995–1995
State v. Young green
· 1994
2 sentences

1995See United States v. Field, 855 F.Supp. 1518 (W.D.Wis.1994); United States v. Ishmael, 843 F.Supp. 205 (E.D.Tex.1994); State v. Young, 123 Wash.2d 173 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994).

1995See United States v. Field, 855 F.Supp. 1518 (W.D.Wis.1994); United States v. Ishmael, 843 F.Supp. 205 (E.D.Tex.1994); State v. Young, 123 Wash.2d 173 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994).

11995–1995

Where else courts name it

ND 12 (1995–2026) PA 9 (1974–2025) TX 9 (1996–2018) CA 8 (1969–2020) WA 7 (1984–2019) NY 7 (1972–2025) NJ 7 (1980–2026) ID 6 (1976–2023) OH 6 (2014–2026) IL 6 (1975–2020) NV 5 (1997–2018) LA 5 (1985–2017) VA 4 (1987–2010) NE 4 (1989–2016) MN 4 (1985–2024) OR 4 (1984–2013) MO 2 (1997–2010) IN 2 (1996–2009) MI 2 (2025–2025) NC 2 (1986–2017) MT 2 (1978–1985)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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