record to support claim (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

record to support claim in New York

45 New York opinions name it 2 courts 1957–2023 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (28)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Richardsongreen
nyappdiv · 1989 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Defendant has failed to provide any proof in the record to support that claim and, in any event, there is no such requirement for the admission of prior uncharged crimes under Ventimiglia (see id. at 359-362; see also People v Richardson, 148 AD2d 476, 477 [1989]).

2015Defendant has failed to provide any proof in the record to support that claim and, in any event, there is no such requirement for the admission of prior uncharged crimes under Ventimiglia (see id. at 359-362; see also People v Richardson, 148 AD2d 476, 477 [1989]).

33
People v. Brooksgreen
nyappdiv · 2007 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

33
Stojek v. Clear-Allgreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

23
People v. Ventimigliagreen
ny · 1981 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Defendant has failed to provide any proof in the record to support that claim and, in any event, there is no such requirement for the admission of prior uncharged crimes under Ventimiglia (see id. at 359-362; see also People v Richardson, 148 AD2d 476, 477 [1989]).

2015Defendant has failed to provide any proof in the record to support that claim and, in any event, there is no such requirement for the admission of prior uncharged crimes under Ventimiglia (see id. at 359-362; see also People v Richardson, 148 AD2d 476, 477 [1989]).

23
Gonzalez v. Jamaica Hospitalgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

22
Deshommes v. Hussaingreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

22
Nallan v. Helmsley-Spear, Inc.green
ny · 1980 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

2013Under the circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court improperly instructed the jury as to the storm in progress rule, since there was insufficient evidence in the record to support that defense (see generally Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 NY2d 507, 517 [1980]; Deshommes v Hussain, 47 AD3d 869, 869 [2008]; Gonzalez v Jamaica Hosp., 25 AD3d 652, 652 [2006] ).

22
In re Town of Greenburghgreen
nyappdiv · 1983 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023In any event, by 1985 the case law was clearly established that police discipline was a proper subject of collective bargaining where the procedures of Civil Service Law §§ 75 and 76 applied, and the City Council certainly should have been aware of that fact (see Matter of Town of Greenburgh [Police Assn. of Town of Greenburgh], 94 AD2d 771, 771-772 [2d Dept 1983], lv denied 60 NY2d 551 [1983]; Matter of Auburn Police Local 195, 62 AD2d at 17 ).

11
People v. Speedgreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021In any event, although defendant was offered five years in prison in exchange for pleading guilty to a reduced charge, there is nothing in the record to support his claim that the sentence was retaliatory or vindictively imposed as a penalty for proceeding to trial ( see People v Speed , 134 AD3d 1235, 1236-1237 [2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 1155 [2016]).

11
People v. Edwardsgreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021As for the severity of the sentence, which fell well below the statutory maximum of 15 years in prison for a second violent felony offender ( see Penal Law § 70.04 [3] [b]), we discern no abuse of discretion or extraordinary circumstances warranting a modification of the sentence in the interest of justice ( see People v Edwards , 124 AD3d 988, 992 [2015], lv denied 25 NY3d 1201 [2015]).

11
Claim of Jaquin v. Community Covenant Churchgreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The Board ultimately found that the accident occurred on May 1, 2014, and we will not interfere, as any credibility issues presented by the discrepancies in the date and location of the alleged fall were for the Board to resolve ( see Matter of Jaquin v Community Covenant Church , 69 AD3d 998, 999-1000 [2010]).

11
Matter of Olibencia v. New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervisiongreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Petitioner’s claim that he was denied the right to present certain evidence at the hearing is unpreserved, as he failed to raise this issue at the hearing when it could have been addressed, even after the Hearing Officer advised him of his right to present evidence, which he indicated he understood (see Matter of Miller v Venettozzi, 149 AD3d 1451, 1452 [2017]; Matter of Olibencia v New York State Dept. of Corr. & Community Supervision, 131 AD3d 1318, 1318 [2015]; Matter of Ahrams v Fischer, 109 AD3d 1030 , 1031 [2013]).

11
In re the Claim of Lamargreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017With regard to his claim that the Hearing Officer failed to inquire about his mental state (see 7 NYCRR 254.6 [b] [1]; [c]), petitioner likewise failed to raise this claim at the hearing, and there is nothing in the record to support the claim that his mental state was in issue at the time of the incident or at the hearing (see Matter of Matthews v Fischer, 109 AD3d 1038, 1038 [2013]).

11
Miller v. Venettozzigreen
nyappdiv · 2017 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Petitioner’s claim that he was denied the right to present certain evidence at the hearing is unpreserved, as he failed to raise this issue at the hearing when it could have been addressed, even after the Hearing Officer advised him of his right to present evidence, which he indicated he understood (see Matter of Miller v Venettozzi, 149 AD3d 1451, 1452 [2017]; Matter of Olibencia v New York State Dept. of Corr. & Community Supervision, 131 AD3d 1318, 1318 [2015]; Matter of Ahrams v Fischer, 109 AD3d 1030 , 1031 [2013]).

11
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Van Dykegreen
nyappdiv · 2012 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016There is nothing in the record to support the claim that the plaintiff engaged in conduct that improperly hindered the settlement process or needlessly prevented the parties from reaching a mutually agreeable resolution (see Flagstar Bank, FSB v Titus, 120 AD3d 469, 470 [2014]; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v Van Dyke, 101 AD3d 638, 638 [2012]; cf. U.S. Bank N.A. v Smith, 123 AD3d 914 , 916 [2014]; US Bank N.A. v Sarmiento, 121 AD3d 187, 204-205 [2014]).

2016Contrary to the defendants’ contention, the plaintiff did not violate CPLR 3408 by refusing to lower the principal or the interest rate or by rejecting the terms of the defendants’ counteroffer (see Bank of Am., N.A. v Lucido, 114 AD3d 714 , 715-716 [2014]; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v Van Dyke, 101 AD3d at 638 ).

11
People v. Beangreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016In any event, defendant received a favorable plea bargain and there is nothing in the record to support his claim of ineffective assistance (see People v Bean, 102 AD3d 1062, 1063 [2013]).

11
People v. Tylergreen
nyappdiv · 2015 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Defendant’s challenge to the sentence as harsh and excessive is precluded by his valid appeal waiver (see People v Lopez, 6 NY3d at 256 ; People v Tyler, 130 AD3d 1383, 1385 [2015]).

11
US Bank National Ass'n v. Sarmientogreen
nyappdiv · 2014 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016There is nothing in the record to support the claim that the plaintiff engaged in conduct that improperly hindered the settlement process or needlessly prevented the parties from reaching a mutually agreeable resolution (see Flagstar Bank, FSB v Titus, 120 AD3d 469, 470 [2014]; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v Van Dyke, 101 AD3d 638, 638 [2012]; cf. U.S. Bank N.A. v Smith, 123 AD3d 914 , 916 [2014]; US Bank N.A. v Sarmiento, 121 AD3d 187, 204-205 [2014]).

11
Flagstar Bank, FSB v. Titusgreen
nyappdiv · 2014 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.green
scotus · 1998 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Luka v. New York City Transit Authoritygreen
nyappdiv · 1984 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Nowinski v. City of New Yorkgreen
nyappdiv · 1993 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
People v. Francisgreen
nyappdiv · 2007 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. Rosatogreen
nyappdiv · 1993 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
In re Donald P.green
nyappdiv · 2001 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Perkins v. New York State Division of Housing & Community Renewalgreen
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Stedronsky v. Sobolgreen
nyappdiv · 1991 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
People v. Taylorgreen
ny · 1990 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (52)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Moore green
ny · 2010
2 sentences

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

2015Finally, we agree with defendant and the People that the certificate of conviction, which recites that defendant was convicted of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree occurring on or about June 5, 2005, must be amended to reflect the correct date on which the crime for which defendant was convicted occurred, namely, on or about October 6-7, 2007 (see People v Young, 74 AD3d 1864, 1865 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 811 [2010]; see also People v Brooks, 46 AD3d 1374, 1374 [2007]).

32015–2015
People v. Harrison green
ny · 1982
2 sentences

1994The issue whether the police acted reasonably in stopping and searching defendant is a mixed question of law and fact, and evidence exists in the record to support the hearing court’s findings as affirmed by the Appellate Division (see, People v Falciglia, 75 NY2d 935, 937 ; People v Castro, 68 NY2d 850, 851 ; People v Harrison, 57 NY2d 470 ).

1992These determinations involve mixed questions of law and fact, and because there is evidence in the record to support the hearing court’s findings, undisturbed by the Appellate Division, our review process is at an end (see, People v Jones, 69 NY2d 853, 855 ; People v Harrison, 57 NY2d 470, 477-478 ).

31987–1994
City of Peekskill v. Williams green
ny · 1987
2 sentences

1992These determinations involve mixed questions of law and fact, and because there is evidence in the record to support the hearing court’s findings, undisturbed by the Appellate Division, our review process is at an end (see, People v Jones, 69 NY2d 853, 855 ; People v Harrison, 57 NY2d 470, 477-478 ).

1988Inasmuch as there is evidence in the record to support the hearing court’s finding, undisturbed by the Appellate Division, that there was a sufficient predicate for the officer’s interference with defendant as he attempted to walk away from the taxi, our review process is at an end (People v Jones, 69 NY2d 853, 855 ).

31988–1992
Bargil Associates, LLC v. Crites green
nyappdiv · 2016
2 sentences

2022Here, "[t]here is nothing in the record to support the claim that the plaintiff engaged in conduct that improperly hindered the settlement process or needlessly prevented the parties from reaching a mutually agreeable resolution" ( Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v Chirinkin , 135 AD3d 676, 676 ).

2021Here, there is nothing in the record to support the claim that the plaintiff engaged in conduct that improperly hindered the settlement process or needlessly prevented the parties from reaching a mutually agreeable resolution ( see Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v Chirinkin , 135 AD3d 676, 676 ).

22021–2022
People v. Hartley green
nyappdiv · 1984
2 sentences

1987There was adequate evidence in the record to support the hearing court’s conclusions that the statements given by the defendant at the police station were preceded by a proper recitation to him of his rights, and an intelligent and voluntary waiver of those rights, including the right to counsel (see, People v Reichbach, 131 AD2d 515 ; People v Smith, 118 AD2d 605, 606 ; cf., People v Hartley, 103 AD2d 935 , affd 65 NY2d 703 ).

1985Its determination must be accorded great weight, since it is for the trier of the facts to choose between conflicting inferences which may be drawn from the proof (People v Yukl, 25 NY2d 585, 588 , cert denied 400 US 851 ; People v Leonti, 18 NY2d 384, 390 , cert denied 389 US 1007 ; People v Hartley, 103 AD2d 935 ).

21985–1987
Patterson v. District Court of Oklahoma green
scotus · 1970
2 sentences

1987The record similarly contained sufficient evidence to support findings that the defendant was not in custody when he made his earlier statements (see People v Yukl, 25 NY2d 585 , mot to amend remittitur denied 26 NY2d 845 , 883, cert denied 400 US 851 ; People v Rodney P., 21 NY2d 1 ) and, in any event, they were not elicited by the police (People v Kaye, 25 NY2d 139 ; cf., Rhode Is. v Innis, 446 US 291 ).

1985Its determination must be accorded great weight, since it is for the trier of the facts to choose between conflicting inferences which may be drawn from the proof (People v Yukl, 25 NY2d 585, 588 , cert denied 400 US 851 ; People v Leonti, 18 NY2d 384, 390 , cert denied 389 US 1007 ; People v Hartley, 103 AD2d 935 ).

21985–1987
People v. Yukl green
ny · 1969
2 sentences

1987The record similarly contained sufficient evidence to support findings that the defendant was not in custody when he made his earlier statements (see People v Yukl, 25 NY2d 585 , mot to amend remittitur denied 26 NY2d 845 , 883, cert denied 400 US 851 ; People v Rodney P., 21 NY2d 1 ) and, in any event, they were not elicited by the police (People v Kaye, 25 NY2d 139 ; cf., Rhode Is. v Innis, 446 US 291 ).

1985Its determination must be accorded great weight, since it is for the trier of the facts to choose between conflicting inferences which may be drawn from the proof (People v Yukl, 25 NY2d 585, 588 , cert denied 400 US 851 ; People v Leonti, 18 NY2d 384, 390 , cert denied 389 US 1007 ; People v Hartley, 103 AD2d 935 ).

21985–1987
Auburn Police Local 195 v. Helsby green
nyappdiv · 1978
1 sentence

2023In any event, by 1985 the case law was clearly established that police discipline was a proper subject of collective bargaining where the procedures of Civil Service Law §§ 75 and 76 applied, and the City Council certainly should have been aware of that fact (see Matter of Town of Greenburgh [Police Assn. of Town of Greenburgh], 94 AD2d 771, 771-772 [2d Dept 1983], lv denied 60 NY2d 551 [1983]; Matter of Auburn Police Local 195, 62 AD2d at 17 ).

12023–2023
CIT Bank, N.A. v. Singh green
nyappdiv · 2021
1 sentence

2022The fact that the terms of a proposed loan modification differed from a prior, interim forbearance agreement is not evidence of bad faith under the circumstances ( see CIT Bank, N.A. v Singh , 191 AD3d 758 ).

12022–2022
Abrams v. Fischer green
nyappdiv · 2013
1 sentence

2017Petitioner’s claim that he was denied the right to present certain evidence at the hearing is unpreserved, as he failed to raise this issue at the hearing when it could have been addressed, even after the Hearing Officer advised him of his right to present evidence, which he indicated he understood (see Matter of Miller v Venettozzi, 149 AD3d 1451, 1452 [2017]; Matter of Olibencia v New York State Dept. of Corr. & Community Supervision, 131 AD3d 1318, 1318 [2015]; Matter of Ahrams v Fischer, 109 AD3d 1030 , 1031 [2013]).

12017–2017
People v. Lopez green
ny · 2006
1 sentence

2016Defendant’s challenge to the sentence as harsh and excessive is precluded by his valid appeal waiver (see People v Lopez, 6 NY3d at 256 ; People v Tyler, 130 AD3d 1383, 1385 [2015]).

12016–2016
Bank of America, National Ass'n v. Lucido green
nyappdiv · 2014
1 sentence

2016Contrary to the defendants’ contention, the plaintiff did not violate CPLR 3408 by refusing to lower the principal or the interest rate or by rejecting the terms of the defendants’ counteroffer (see Bank of Am., N.A. v Lucido, 114 AD3d 714 , 715-716 [2014]; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v Van Dyke, 101 AD3d at 638 ).

12016–2016
U.S. Bank National Ass'n v. Smith green
nyappdiv · 2014
12016–2016
Luka v. New York City Transit Authority neutral
ny · 1984
12011–2011
Yassin v. Sarabu green
nyappdiv · 2001
12011–2011
People v. Thomas neutral
nyappdiv · 1996
12008–2008
People v. Britton green
nyappdiv · 2008
12008–2008
People v. Kalaj green
nyappdiv · 1998
12008–2008
Honohan v. Martin's Food of South Burlington, Inc. green
nyappdiv · 1998
12005–2005
People v. Jones green
nyappdiv · 1988
12004–2004
People v. Jabaut neutral
nyappdiv · 1992
12004–2004
People v. Ortlieb green
ny · 1994
12002–2002
People v. Gabler green
nyappdiv · 1987
11998–1998
People v. Sharpe green
nyappdiv · 1990
11998–1998
People v. Thomas green
nyappdiv · 1992
11998–1998
People v. Washington green
nyappdiv · 1994
11998–1998
People v. Gonzalez green
nyappdiv · 1995
11998–1998
People v. Richardson green
nyappdiv · 1996
11998–1998
People v. Gonzalez green
ny · 1976
11998–1998
Gonzalez v. New York City Housing Authority green
ny · 1991
11997–1997
Katz v. Ambach green
nyappdiv · 1984
11995–1995
MATTER OF SHURGIN v. Ambach green
nyappdiv · 1981
11995–1995
People v. McLaurin green
nyappdiv · 1993
11995–1995
Shurgin v. Ambach green
ny · 1982
11995–1995
People v. Matthews green
nyappdiv · 1989
11994–1994
People v. Pica neutral
nyappdiv · 1990
11994–1994
People v. Falciglia green
ny · 1990
11994–1994
People v. Castro neutral
ny · 1986
11994–1994
People v. Townsend green
ny · 1973
11994–1994
People v. Baldi green
ny · 1981
11994–1994

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 130.00 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 130.65 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 55 (1970–2026) PA 54 (1987–2026) NY 45 (1957–2023) CA 45 (1937–2026) KS 38 (1994–2024) TX 38 (1967–2026) OH 33 (1992–2026) WA 23 (2005–2025) IN 23 (1975–2020) CT 20 (1964–2020) ND 20 (1974–2016) MI 20 (1956–2025) MS 19 (1996–2022) AZ 17 (1958–2026) FL 17 (1961–2025) MO 16 (1908–2023) NM 15 (2009–2026) CO 13 (1974–2010) GA 12 (1980–2024) IA 10 (1972–2022) OK 10 (1983–2011) MD 10 (1928–2023) WY 9 (1998–2023) OR 8 (1995–2026) TN 8 (1987–2015) UT 8 (1988–2025) SD 7 (1966–2025) ID 7 (1964–2023) DC 6 (1992–2004) MA 5 (1911–2010) VA 5 (1920–2025) NJ 4 (1990–2025) ME 4 (1990–2017) LA 3 (2005–2013) AR 3 (1927–2008) AK 3 (1980–2014) AL 3 (1973–2001) KY 3 (2001–2025) WV 3 (1987–2023) DE 2 (2020–2020) WI 2 (1990–2020)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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