42 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1903–2025 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
City of Belvidere v. Illinois State Labor Relations Boardgreen2 sentences2001See, e.g., City of Belvidere v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 181 Ill. 2d 191 , 692 N.E.2d 295 (1998). 4 We find De Witt pertinent to the disposition of this appeal, despite the fact that it was cited in a mere footnote in the Union’s brief and only touched upon briefly by the City in its reply brief. 5 Justice Sheila M. 2001See, e.g., City of Belvidere v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 181 Ill. 2d 191 , 692 N.E.2d 295 (1998). 4 We find De Witt pertinent to the disposition of this appeal, despite the fact that it was cited in a mere footnote in the Union’s brief and only touched upon briefly by the City in its reply brief. 5 Justice Sheila M. | 4 | 4 |
Griggsville-Perry Community Unit School District No. 4 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Boardgreen2 sentences2017July 1, 2008), we choose to exercise our discretion and address the issues on their merit. ¶ 18 Does the Award Draw Its Essence from the CBA? ¶ 19 Judicial review of an arbitrator’s award is “ ‘extremely limited.’ ” Griggsville-Perry Community Unit School District No. 4 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 2013 IL 113721, ¶ 18 (quoting American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. State, 124 Ill. 2d 246, 254 (1988)). 2017July 1, 2008), we choose to exercise our discretion and address the issues on their merit. ¶ 18 Does the Award Draw Its Essence from the CBA? ¶ 19 Judicial review of an arbitrator’s award is “ ‘extremely limited.’ ” Griggsville-Perry Community Unit School District No. 4 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 2013 IL 113721, ¶ 18 (quoting American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. State, 124 Ill. 2d 246, 254 (1988)). | 2 | 4 |
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Reisgreen2 sentences2020Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Reis, 451 U.S. 401, 402, 415-17 (1981). 2020Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Reis, 451 U.S. 401, 402, 415-17 (1981). | 2 | 2 |
American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. Stategreen2 sentences2017July 1, 2008), we choose to exercise our discretion and address the issues on their merit. ¶ 18 Does the Award Draw Its Essence from the CBA? ¶ 19 Judicial review of an arbitrator’s award is “ ‘extremely limited.’ ” Griggsville-Perry Community Unit School District No. 4 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 2013 IL 113721, ¶ 18 (quoting American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. State, 124 Ill. 2d 246, 254 (1988)). 2017July 1, 2008), we choose to exercise our discretion and address the issues on their merit. ¶ 18 Does the Award Draw Its Essence from the CBA? ¶ 19 Judicial review of an arbitrator’s award is “ ‘extremely limited.’ ” Griggsville-Perry Community Unit School District No. 4 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 2013 IL 113721, ¶ 18 (quoting American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees v. State, 124 Ill. 2d 246, 254 (1988)). | 2 | 2 |
Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Boardgreen2 sentences2014To support its position, the Union cites Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board, 74 Ill. 2d 541, 551 , 387 N.E.2d 258, 261 (1978), wherein the supreme court held that "where an administrative body's assertion of juris- diction is attacked on its face and in its entirety on the ground that it is not authorized by statute, exhaustion of administrative remedies and compliance with the Administrative Review Act is not required." (Emphasis added.) ¶ 29 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's administrative authority "on its face" as unauthorized. 2014To support its position, the Union cites Landfill, Inc. v. Pollution Control Board, 74 Ill. 2d 541, 551 , 387 N.E.2d 258, 261 (1978), wherein the supreme court held that "where an administrative body's assertion of juris- diction is attacked on its face and in its entirety on the ground that it is not authorized by statute, exhaustion of administrative remedies and compliance with the Administrative Review Act is not required." (Emphasis added.) ¶ 29 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's administrative authority "on its face" as unauthorized. | 2 | 2 |
Burgess v. Board of Fire & Police Commissionersgreen2 sentences2011See 735 ILCS 5/3-110 (West 2008); see also Burgess v. Board of Fire & Police Commissioners, 209 Ill.App.3d 821, 827 , 154 Ill.Dec. 430 , 568 N.E.2d 430, 434 (1991) ("It is well established that affidavits which were not made a part of the record in proceedings before the administrative agency may not be considered in an administrative review action."). 2011See 735 ILCS 5/3-110 (West 2008); see also Burgess v. Board of Fire & Police Commissioners, 209 Ill.App.3d 821, 827 , 154 Ill.Dec. 430 , 568 N.E.2d 430, 434 (1991) ("It is well established that affidavits which were not made a part of the record in proceedings before the administrative agency may not be considered in an administrative review action."). | 2 | 2 |
Wood Dale Fire Protection District v. Illinois Labor Relations Boardgreen2 sentences2011Wood Dale Fire Protection District v. Illinois Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 395 Ill.App.3d 523, 535 , 334 Ill.Dec. 341 , 916 N.E.2d 1229, 1239 (2009). ¶ 18 Here, the Board granted the Union's motion for sanctions against the City based on Aikin's testimony as to the various reasons he did not promote Williams to lieutenant. 2011Wood Dale Fire Protection District v. Illinois Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 395 Ill.App.3d 523, 535 , 334 Ill.Dec. 341 , 916 N.E.2d 1229, 1239 (2009). ¶ 18 Here, the Board granted the Union's motion for sanctions against the City based on Aikin's testimony as to the various reasons he did not promote Williams to lieutenant. | 2 | 2 |
International Union of Operating Engineers, Local Union Union 965 v. Associated General Contractors of Illinoisgreen2 sentences2011International Union of Operating Engineers, Local Union 965-965A-965B-965C-965RA v. Associated General Contractors of Illinois, 845 F.2d 704, 706 (7th Cir. 1988). ¶ 15 The City argues the trial court erred in granting the Union’s motion for summary judgment and denying its motion for summary judgment for the following primary reasons: (1) no evidence shows the Malcom controversy is arbitrable under the collective-bargaining agreement and (2) the Union lacked standing to file the grievance on behalf of Malcom. 2011International Union of Operating Engineers, Local Union 965-965A-965B-965C-965RA v. Associated General Contractors of Illinois, 845 F.2d 704, 706 (7th Cir.1988). ¶ 15 The City argues the trial court erred in granting the Union's motion for summary judgment and denying its motion for summary judgment for the following primary reasons: (1) no evidence shows the Malcom controversy is arbitrable under the collective-bargaining agreement and (2) the Union lacked standing to file the grievance on behalf of Malcom. | 2 | 2 |
American States Insurance v. Kolomsgreen2 sentences2011App.3d 725, 727-28 , 217 Ill.Dec. 30 , 666 N.E.2d 699, 701 (1996). ¶ 11 After a hearing on the motions, the trial court granted the Union's motion for summary judgment and petition to compel arbitration. 2011App.3d 725, 727-28 , 217 Ill.Dec. 30 , 666 N.E.2d 699, 701 (1996). ¶ 11 After a hearing on the motions, the trial court granted the Union's motion for summary judgment and petition to compel arbitration. | 2 | 2 |
Anderson v. Financial Matters, Inc.green2 sentences2002See Anderson v. Financial Matters, Inc., 285 Ill. 2002See Anderson v. Financial Matters, Inc., 285 Ill. | 2 | 2 |
City of Des Plaines v. Metropolitan Alliance of Police Chapter No. 240green2 sentences2019App. 3d at 1042 -43 , 255 Ill.Dec. 371 , 749 N.E.2d 472 (holding that arbitrator made rational implicit finding that employee was amenable to discipline and that the risk of future incidents was low, where arbitrator noted that the employee had long work history, good evaluations, and lack of prior discipline and that he did not provoke the fight with the inmate) ) than Des Plaines , where the court determined that the arbitrator's findings were ambiguous ( Des Plaines , 2015 IL App (1st) 140957 , ¶¶ 37-41, 391 Ill.Dec. 328 , 30 N.E.3d 598 (holding that the award was "incomplete, or at least a 2019App. 3d at 1042 -43 , 255 Ill.Dec. 371 , 749 N.E.2d 472 (holding that arbitrator made rational implicit finding that employee was amenable to discipline and that the risk of future incidents was low, where arbitrator noted that the employee had long work history, good evaluations, and lack of prior discipline and that he did not provoke the fight with the inmate) ) than Des Plaines , where the court determined that the arbitrator's findings were ambiguous ( Des Plaines , 2015 IL App (1st) 140957 , ¶¶ 37-41, 391 Ill.Dec. 328 , 30 N.E.3d 598 (holding that the award was "incomplete, or at least a | 1 | 2 |
United States v. United States Gypsum Co.green2 sentences2018A finding is clearly erroneous when "the reviewing court, on the entire record, is 'left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.' " AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security , 198 Ill. 2d 380 , 395, 261 Ill.Dec. 302 , 763 N.E.2d 272 (2001) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364 , 395, 68 S.Ct. 525 , 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). ¶ 13 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's findings of fact, but contends both that the Board applied incorrect legal standards and that its ultimate conclusions-that each of the six d 2018A finding is clearly erroneous when "the reviewing court, on the entire record, is 'left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.' " AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security , 198 Ill. 2d 380 , 395, 261 Ill.Dec. 302 , 763 N.E.2d 272 (2001) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364 , 395, 68 S.Ct. 525 , 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). ¶ 13 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's findings of fact, but contends both that the Board applied incorrect legal standards and that its ultimate conclusions-that each of the six d | 1 | 2 |
AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Securitygreen2 sentences2018A finding is clearly erroneous when "the reviewing court, on the entire record, is 'left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.' " AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security , 198 Ill. 2d 380 , 395, 261 Ill.Dec. 302 , 763 N.E.2d 272 (2001) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364 , 395, 68 S.Ct. 525 , 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). ¶ 13 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's findings of fact, but contends both that the Board applied incorrect legal standards and that its ultimate conclusions-that each of the six d 2018A finding is clearly erroneous when "the reviewing court, on the entire record, is 'left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.' " AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of Employment Security , 198 Ill. 2d 380 , 395, 261 Ill.Dec. 302 , 763 N.E.2d 272 (2001) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364 , 395, 68 S.Ct. 525 , 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). ¶ 13 Here, the Union does not challenge the Board's findings of fact, but contends both that the Board applied incorrect legal standards and that its ultimate conclusions-that each of the six d | 1 | 2 |
Kilpatrick v. Baxter Healthcare Corp.green1 sentence2025It concluded that the circumstances here were akin to those in Kilpatrick v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 2023 IL App (2d) 230088, ¶¶ 4, 23-24 , relied on by the Union, where a filing made close to the deadline was rejected because the attorney inadvertently included his law firm’s attorney number rather than his own attorney registration number, and where this court determined that this was “an entirely avoidable attorney error” that 9 No. 1-24-2109 highlighted “the perils of waiting until the [last] day to file a [complaint].” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) The circuit court found distingui | 1 | 1 |
Davis v. Village of Maywoodgreen1 sentence2025It concluded that the circumstances here were akin to those in Kilpatrick v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 2023 IL App (2d) 230088, ¶¶ 4, 23-24 , relied on by the Union, where a filing made close to the deadline was rejected because the attorney inadvertently included his law firm’s attorney number rather than his own attorney registration number, and where this court determined that this was “an entirely avoidable attorney error” that 9 No. 1-24-2109 highlighted “the perils of waiting until the [last] day to file a [complaint].” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) The circuit court found distingui | 1 | 1 |
The Wheaton Firefighters Union v. The Illinois Labor Relations Boardgreen2 sentences2022Otherwise, important rights under the Act would be lost simply by the passage of time and the course of litigation.’ ” Chicago Board of Education, 30 PERI ¶ 162 (IELRB 2012) (quoting Grand Rapids Press, 331 N.L.R.B. 296 , 300 (2000)); see also Wheaton Firefighters Union, Local 3706 v. Illinois Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 2016 IL App (2d) 160105, ¶ 13 , 58 N.E.3d 161 (refusing to hold moot a claim of bargaining in bad faith when the - 11 - union and employer subsequently settled and executed the underlying collective bargaining agreement at issue). 2022Otherwise, important rights under the Act would be lost simply by the passage of time and the course of litigation.’ ” Chicago Board of Education, 30 PERI ¶ 162 (IELRB 2012) (quoting Grand Rapids Press, 331 N.L.R.B. 296 , 300 (2000)); see also Wheaton Firefighters Union, Local 3706 v. Illinois Labor Relations Board, State Panel, 2016 IL App (2d) 160105, ¶ 13 , 58 N.E.3d 161 (refusing to hold moot a claim of bargaining in bad faith when the - 11 - union and employer subsequently settled and executed the underlying collective bargaining agreement at issue). | 1 | 1 |
Barter Exchange, Inc. v. Barter Exchange, Inc.green1 sentence1994See Barter Exchange, Inc. v. Barter Exchange, Inc. (1992), 238 Ill. | 1 | 1 |
Melvin D. Taylor v. National Labor Relations Board, and Ryder Truck Lines, Inc., Intervenorgreen1 sentence1990See Taylor v. NLRB (11th Cir. 1986), 786 F.2d 1516 (finding Olin standard for post-arbitral deferral arbitrary and capricious); see generally Comment, Further Convolutions in a Convoluted Policy: Olin, Taylor, and NLRB Deferral to Arbitral Decisions, 82 Nw. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Board of Education of Peoria School District No. 150 v. Peoria Federation of Support Staff
green
2 sentences2013With respect to the former, the court found that “peace officers are public employees under the IPLR Act, and that the amendment “is not unconstitutional as special legislation.” The court dismissed count II, finding it “clear that the IELRB and ILRB have jurisdiction over collective bargaining unit determinations.” ¶ 22 As noted, the appellate court reversed and remanded, in a unanimous decision. 2012 IL App (4th) 110875 . 2013With respect to the former, the court found that “peace officers are public employees under the IPLR Act, and that the amendment “is not unconstitutional as special legislation.” The court dismissed count II, finding it “clear that the IELRB and ILRB have jurisdiction over collective bargaining unit determinations.” ¶ 22 As noted, the appellate court reversed and remanded, in a unanimous decision. 2012 IL App (4th) 110875 . | 2 | 2013–2013 |
International Union v. DEPT. OF EMP. SEC.
green
2 sentences2008International Union, 215 Ill.2d at 58 , 293 Ill.Dec. 606 , 828 N.E.2d 1104 . 2008International Union, 215 Ill. 2d at 58 . | 2 | 2008–2008 |
Lowe Excavating Co. v. International Union of Operating Engineers Local No. 150
green
2 sentences2006Lowe II, 327 Ill. 2006Lowe II, 327 Ill.App.3d at 723 , 262 Ill.Dec. 195 , 765 N.E.2d 21 . | 2 | 2006–2006 |
Monroy-Perez v. Sentry Select Insurance Co.
green
1 sentence2025Monroy-Perez v. Sentry Select Insurance Co., 2025 IL App (1st) 241711, ¶ 31 . | 1 | 2025–2025 |
City of Naperville v. Illinois Fraternal Order of Police
green
1 sentence2022Id. ¶ 16 Bourbonnais contends that referring the matter to the arbitrator would preclude it from seeking judicial review of the arbitrator’s decision because its decision is binding. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Board of Trustees, Prairie State College v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board
green
1 sentence2021In fact, just a few lines before the quote upon which the School District relies, the Prairie State court specifically stated: “An employer’s refusal to arbitrate a grievance obviously interferes with and restrains a grievant in the exercise of a right guaranteed under the Act within the meaning of section 14(a)(1).” Id. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
State v. AFSCME, COUNCIL 31, AFL-CIO
green
2 sentences2019App. 3d at 1042 -43 , 255 Ill.Dec. 371 , 749 N.E.2d 472 (holding that arbitrator made rational implicit finding that employee was amenable to discipline and that the risk of future incidents was low, where arbitrator noted that the employee had long work history, good evaluations, and lack of prior discipline and that he did not provoke the fight with the inmate) ) than Des Plaines , where the court determined that the arbitrator's findings were ambiguous ( Des Plaines , 2015 IL App (1st) 140957 , ¶¶ 37-41, 391 Ill.Dec. 328 , 30 N.E.3d 598 (holding that the award was "incomplete, or at least a 2019App. 3d at 1042 -43 , 255 Ill.Dec. 371 , 749 N.E.2d 472 (holding that arbitrator made rational implicit finding that employee was amenable to discipline and that the risk of future incidents was low, where arbitrator noted that the employee had long work history, good evaluations, and lack of prior discipline and that he did not provoke the fight with the inmate) ) than Des Plaines , where the court determined that the arbitrator's findings were ambiguous ( Des Plaines , 2015 IL App (1st) 140957 , ¶¶ 37-41, 391 Ill.Dec. 328 , 30 N.E.3d 598 (holding that the award was "incomplete, or at least a | 1 | 2019–2019 |
Lieber v. Board of Trustees of Southern Illinois University
green
1 sentence2001The trial court concluded that under the reasoning of Lieber v. Board of Trustees of Southern Illinois University , 176 Ill. 2d 401 (1997), home addresses did not constitute "personal information" exempt from disclosure under the Act and granted the Union's motion for summary judgment. | 1 | 2001–2001 |
Handley v. Unarco Industries, Inc.
green
1 sentence1992App. 3d 56 , 463 N.E.2d 1011 .) We do, however, affirm the denial of Union’s claim on a breach of contract basis. | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Commonwealth v. Commonwealth
green
2 sentences1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d 1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d | 1 | 1988–1988 |
Commonwealth v. Commonwealth
green
2 sentences1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d 1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d | 1 | 1988–1988 |
Commonwealth v. Commonwealth
green
2 sentences1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d 1988(Pa.) par. 11223 (1980).) This approach was affirmed as reasonable on review in a 4 to 3 decision in Commonwealth v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board (1983), 74 Pa. Commw. 1 , 10-12 & n.3, 459 A.2d 452 , 456-57 & n.3 (Venango County Board of Assistance) (employer unilaterally imposed smoking regulation), with the court noting out-of-State decisions relied on by the Pennsylvania Board, stating: “By these authorities, a union waiver of the right to bargain on mandatory subjects during the term of an agreement will not be found in a boiler plate waiver clause.” ( 74 Pa. Commw. at 11 , 459 A.2d | 1 | 1988–1988 |
| Kingsley v. Amalgamated Meat Cutters green | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| The Von Solbrig Hospital, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board green | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| Cahill v. Plumbers, Gas & Steam Fitters' & Helpers' Local 93 neutral | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| Murley v. Local Union No. 147 of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators, & Paper Hangers of America green | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| Boozer v. United Auto Workers of America, AFL-CIO, Local 457 green | 1 | 1973–1973 |
| Montgomery Ward & Co. v. United Retail, Wholesale & Department Store Employees of America green | 1 | 1956–1956 |
| Doner v. Phoenix Joint Stock Land Bank of Kansas City green | 1 | 1952–1952 |
| McDowell v. Cochran green | 1 | 1952–1952 |
| Fort Dearborn Lodge No. 214 v. Klein neutral | 1 | 1952–1952 |
| Campbell v. Powers neutral | 1 | 1952–1952 |
| Shaw v. Dorris green | 1 | 1952–1952 |
| Air-Way Electric Appliance Corp. v. Day green | 1 | 1927–1927 |
| Borrowers' & Investors' Building Ass'n v. Eklund green | 1 | 1903–1903 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.