Union violation (California) · Go Syfert
← California issues

Union violation in California

30 California opinions name it 2 courts 1919–2025 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (29)

CaseFollowedCited
Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc.green
cal · 2002 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003In fact, the Union's motion to strike does not offer any detail regarding the nature of Rivero's alleged acts of bribery, nepotism, theft and extortion, even though it is the moving party's burden to demonstrate that the complaint comes within the provisions of section 425.16. ( Equilon, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 67, 124 Cal.Rptr.2d 507 , 52 P.3d 685 .) We nevertheless glean from the record and oral argument that the allegations were that Rivero hired both his ex-wife's daughter and the wife of one of the full-time custodians; he supervised his ex-wife; he offered to nominate a custodian for a $

2003In fact, the Union's motion to strike does not offer any detail regarding the nature of Rivero's alleged acts of bribery, nepotism, theft and extortion, even though it is the moving party's burden to demonstrate that the complaint comes within the provisions of section 425.16. ( Equilon, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 67, 124 Cal.Rptr.2d 507 , 52 P.3d 685 .) We nevertheless glean from the record and oral argument that the allegations were that Rivero hired both his ex-wife's daughter and the wife of one of the full-time custodians; he supervised his ex-wife; he offered to nominate a custodian for a $

22
Holderby v. International Union of Operating Engineersgreen
cal · 1955 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1957–1957
2 sentences

1957The rationale of the so-called “exhaustion of remedies” *579 within the union rule and judicial recognition thereof is thus set forth in Holderby v. International Union etc. Engrs., 45 Cal.2d 843, 846 [ 291 P.2d 463 ] : “It is the general and well established jurisdictional rule that a plaintiff who seeks judicial relief against an organization of which he is a member must first invoke and exhaust the remedies provided by that organization applicable to his grievance.

1957The rationale of the so-called “exhaustion of remedies” *579 within the union rule and judicial recognition thereof is thus set forth in Holderby v. International Union etc. Engrs., 45 Cal.2d 843, 846 [ 291 P.2d 463 ] : “It is the general and well established jurisdictional rule that a plaintiff who seeks judicial relief against an organization of which he is a member must first invoke and exhaust the remedies provided by that organization applicable to his grievance.

22
George Squillacote v. International Brotherhood Of Teamsters, Local 344green
ca7 · 1977 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025(Squillacote v. Int’l Broth. of Teamsters, Local 344, supra, 561 F.2d at p. 40 [“The Union’s claim that § 9(b)(3) [of the NLRA] unconstitutionally penalizes the exercise of associational rights is neither an assertion of a clear violation of right nor one that could not be judicially determined if an exception from normal exhaustion requirements is not granted”]; see Pacific Maritime Ass’n v. National Labor Relations Bd. (9th Cir. 2016) 827 F.3d 1203 , 1210–1212 [concluding the district court lacked jurisdiction over a facial challenge to a nonfinal NLRB ruling on a certification decision beca

11
Pacific Maritime Ass'n v. National Labor Relations Boardgreen
ca9 · 2016 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025(Squillacote v. Int’l Broth. of Teamsters, Local 344, supra, 561 F.2d at p. 40 [“The Union’s claim that § 9(b)(3) [of the NLRA] unconstitutionally penalizes the exercise of associational rights is neither an assertion of a clear violation of right nor one that could not be judicially determined if an exception from normal exhaustion requirements is not granted”]; see Pacific Maritime Ass’n v. National Labor Relations Bd. (9th Cir. 2016) 827 F.3d 1203 , 1210–1212 [concluding the district court lacked jurisdiction over a facial challenge to a nonfinal NLRB ruling on a certification decision beca

11
Sheriff v. Labor Relations Commissiongreen
massappct · 2004 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018Accordingly, PERB did not commit legal error in its overbreadth analysis by limiting its inquiry to the impact of the Personnel Rules on union regalia and displays. 3 PERB and the Union challenge the Court’s rules as overbroad only to the extent the rules affect union insignia and regalia and thereby infringe upon statutorily protected rights of the Court employees. 7 An example of this focused analysis, which distinguished between union and nonunion items, is provided by a Massachusetts case involving a sheriff’s directive prohibiting his “employees from ‘wearing … any pins or other [unauthor

2018Accordingly, PERB did not commit legal error in its overbreadth analysis by limiting its inquiry to the impact of the Personnel Rules on union regalia and displays. 3 PERB and the Union challenge the Court’s rules as overbroad only to the extent the rules affect union insignia and regalia and thereby infringe upon statutorily protected rights of the Court employees. 7 An example of this focused analysis, which distinguished between union and nonunion items, is provided by a Massachusetts case involving a sheriff’s directive prohibiting his “employees from ‘wearing … any pins or other [unauthor

11
In Re SCgreen
calctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See In re S.C. (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 396 , 406 [ 41 Cal.Rptr.3d 453 ] (“When an appellant’s brief makes no reference to the pages of the record where a point can be found, an appellate court need not search through the record in an effort to discover the point purportedly made.”).

2011See In re S.C. (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 396 , 406 [ 41 Cal.Rptr.3d 453 ] (“When an appellant’s brief makes no reference to the pages of the record where a point can be found, an appellate court need not search through the record in an effort to discover the point purportedly made.”).

11
California Correctional Peace Officers Ass'n v. Stategreen
calctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009As discussed above, Code of Civil Procedure section 1281.2 expressly forbids courts from denying arbitration on the ground that the petitioner's claim is meritless." ( California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State of California, supra, 142 Cal.App.4th at p. 211, original italics.) In our case, the district is contending that section 47611.5, subdivision (e) prevents the arbitrator from granting the union any relief.

11
Efstratis v. First Northern Bank of Dixongreen
calctapp · 1997 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002(Efstratis v. First Northern Bank (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 667, 671 [ 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 445 ].) However, since the trial court grounded its decision solely on the merits of the Union’s claim, which in this case depends only on a question of law, we consider the issue de novo.

2002(Efstratis v. First Northern Bank (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 667, 671 [ 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 445 ].) However, since the trial court grounded its decision solely on the merits of the Union’s claim, which in this case depends only on a question of law, we consider the issue de novo.

11
United Steelworkers of America v. Sadlowskigreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
2 sentences

1984That section, part of the LMRDA’s “Bill of Rights” for union members, grants enumerated freedoms of speech and assembly in internal union matters but, in a proviso, leaves unimpaired a union’s right to adopt and enforce “reasonable rules” as to a member’s responsibilities toward the union. 27 Noting that a union rule in Sadlowski *352 prohibiting candidates for union office from accepting campaign contributions from nonmembers might interfere with rights which Congress intended to protect by the LMRDA, the United States Supreme Court nevertheless held the rule valid as “rationally related to a

1984That section, part of the LMRDA’s “Bill of Rights” for union members, grants enumerated freedoms of speech and assembly in internal union matters but, in a proviso, leaves unimpaired a union’s right to adopt and enforce “reasonable rules” as to a member’s responsibilities toward the union. 27 Noting that a union rule in Sadlowski *352 prohibiting candidates for union office from accepting campaign contributions from nonmembers might interfere with rights which Congress intended to protect by the LMRDA, the United States Supreme Court nevertheless held the rule valid as “rationally related to a

11
Hospital Council of Northern California v. Superior Courtgreen
calctapp · 1973 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
2 sentences

1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion.

1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion.

11
Baillargeon v. Dep't of Water & Power of L.A.green
calctapp · 1977 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
2 sentences

1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion.

1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion.

11
Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills of Ala.green
scotus · 1957 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
Republic Steel Corp. v. Maddoxgreen
scotus · 1965 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp.green
scotus · 1960 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. Livingstongreen
scotus · 1964 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
Botany Mills, Inc. v. TEXTILE WORKERS UNION, ETC.green
njsuperctappdiv · 1958 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
General Tire & Rubber Co. v. Local No. 512, United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum & Plastic Workersgreen
rid · 1961 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
In re the Arbitration between Potoker & Brooklyn Eagle, Inc.green
ny · 1957 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1968–1968
11
Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists, & Proprietors International Union of America, Local Union No. 205 v. Industrial Commissiongreen
colo · 1953 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Riviello v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers and Cosmetologists International Union of Americagreen
calctapp · 1952 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Coons v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers & Cosmetologists International Uniongreen
minn · 1946 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Retail Clerks International Ass'ngreen
cal · 1953 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Bautista v. Jonesgreen
cal · 1944 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Riviello v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers & Cosmetologists' International Union of Americagreen
calctapp · 1948 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Wisconsin Employment Relations Board v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists & Proprietors International Uniongreen
wis · 1956 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Emde v. San Joaquin County Central Labor Councilgreen
cal · 1943 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Walker v. City of San Gabrielgreen
cal · 1942 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11
Steen v. Board of Civil Service Commissionersgreen
cal · 1945 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11
Armistead v. City of Los Angelesgreen
calctapp · 1957 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (39)

CaseCitedYears
Detroit Edison Co. v. National Labor Relations Board green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2023(Detroit Edison, supra, 440 U.S. at p. 303 .) The tests were kept in the offices of the employer’s “industrial psychologists who, as members of the American Psychological Association, deemed themselves ethically bound not to disclose test information to unauthorized persons.” (Id. at pp. 306‒307.) The employer refused to disclose to the union the test questions, employee answer sheets, and the scores linked with the names of employees who received them, asserting it was necessary to maintain complete confidentiality of these materials to ensure the future integrity of the tests and to protect

2023(Detroit Edison, supra, 440 U.S. at p. 303 .) The tests were kept in the offices of the employer’s “industrial psychologists who, as members of the American Psychological Association, deemed themselves ethically bound not to disclose test information to unauthorized persons.” (Id. at pp. 306‒307.) The employer refused to disclose to the union the test questions, employee answer sheets, and the scores linked with the names of employees who received them, asserting it was necessary to maintain complete confidentiality of these materials to ensure the future integrity of the tests and to protect

22023–2023
Levy v. Magnolia Lodge, No. 29, I. O. O. F. green
cal · 1895
2 sentences

1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief.

1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief.

21957–1957
Lawson v. Hewell green
cal · 1897
2 sentences

1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief.

1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief.

21957–1957
Nicolopulos v. City of Lawndale green
calctapp · 2001
1 sentence

2022(Ibid.) 5 Quo warranto may be brought by the Attorney General “ ‘upon his own information, or upon a complaint of a private party’ ” against any person “who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises any public office, civil or military, or any franchise, or against any corporation, either de jure or de facto, which usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises any franchise, within this state.” (Nicolopulos v. City of Lawndale (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 1221, 1228 ; Code Civ.

12022–2022
City of Malibu v. California Coastal Commission green
calctapp · 2005
1 sentence

2021(See Malibu, supra, 128 Cal.App.4th at p. 901 .) The Union also says the trial court acted arbitrarily by denying the Union’s motion but by allowing the Board to intervene.

12021–2021
City & County of San Francisco v. International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 39 green
calctapp · 2007
1 sentence

2019It is the conduct being regulated, not the formal description of governing legal standards, that is the proper focus of concern’ ”].) In Local 39, this Court determined that it did not matter whether the plaintiff city attempted to characterize its claim against a union as the violation of mandatory charter provisions rather than an unfair practices charge over which PERB had exclusive jurisdiction: “The City may not, through artful pleading, evade PERB’s exclusive jurisdiction.” (Local 39, supra, at p. 945 .) 2.

12019–2019
Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of New York, Inc. green
nysd · 1999
1 sentence

2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka

12013–2013
Marcario v. County of Orange green
calctapp · 2007
1 sentence

2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka

12013–2013
Conde v. Yeshiva University green
nyappdiv · 2005
1 sentence

2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka

12013–2013
Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center green
cal · 1979
2 sentences

2007Additionally, I would overrule Pruneyard, supra, 23 Cal.3d 899 , 153 Cal.Rptr. 854 , 592 P.2d 341 .

2007Additionally, I would overrule Pruneyard, supra, 23 Cal.3d 899 , 153 Cal.Rptr. 854 , 592 P.2d 341 .

12007–2007
Hoffman v. Pedley School District green
calctapp · 1962
1 sentence

2007(See Hoffman v. Pedley School Dist., supra, 210 Cal.App.2d at pp. 75-76, 26 Cal.Rptr. 109 .) In this matter, the union did not challenge the prevailing rate to be paid to workers on any of the three proposed public works projects within the 20-day period specified by statute.

12007–2007
Los Angeles Teachers Union, Local 1021 v. Los Angeles City Board of Education green
cal · 1969
1 sentence

2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement.

12006–2006
LA Teachers Union v. LA City Bd. of Ed. green
cal · 1969
2 sentences

2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement.

2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement.

12006–2006
People v. Pacific Land Research Co. green
cal · 1977
2 sentences

2003This case is to be distinguished from People v. Pacific Land Research Co. (1977) 20 Cal.3d 10, 21 , footnote 11, 141 Cal.Rptr. 20 , 569 P.2d 125 .

2003This case is to be distinguished from People v. Pacific Land Research Co. (1977) 20 Cal.3d 10, 21 , footnote 11, 141 Cal.Rptr. 20 , 569 P.2d 125 .

12003–2003
Hopson v. National Union of Marine Cooks & Stewards green
calctapp · 1953
1 sentence

1987Union etc. Cooks, Stewards (1953) 116 Cal.App.3d 320, 327 [ 253 P.2d 733 ], for the proposition that suit by a member expelled from a union in violation of the union’s constitution and bylaws is governed by a four-year statute of limitation for breach of contract.

11987–1987
Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. green
scotus · 1964
2 sentences

1986We also note in this connection that, while citing other authorities, neither of the parties brought to the attention of the trial court or this court Carey v. Westinghouse Corp. (1964) 375 U.S. 261 [ 11 L.Ed.2d 320 , 84 S.Ct. 401 ], holding that a dispute concerning representation is not necessarily within the exclusive jurisdiction of the NLRB and may be arbitrated under a collective bargaining agreement.

1986We also note in this connection that, while citing other authorities, neither of the parties brought to the attention of the trial court or this court Carey v. Westinghouse Corp. (1964) 375 U.S. 261 [ 11 L.Ed.2d 320 , 84 S.Ct. 401 ], holding that a dispute concerning representation is not necessarily within the exclusive jurisdiction of the NLRB and may be arbitrated under a collective bargaining agreement.

11986–1986
Pinsker v. Pacific Coast Society of Orthodontists green
cal · 1974
1 sentence

1984The standard announced in Pinsker was that enforcement of a rule would not be prohibited unless it was either “contrary to established policy” or “so ‘patently arbitrary and unreasonable’ as to be ‘beyond the pale of the law.’ ” ( 12 Cal.3d 541, 558 .) Under that standard, a rule not allowing an orthodontist to delegate his services or operations to one less qualified than himself where orthodontic competence was required was held reasonable.

11984–1984
National Labor Relations Board v. J. I. Case Co. green
ca9 · 1953
1 sentence

1977Case Co., supra, 201 F.2d 597, 600 , the court stated: “we agree with the Board that no statutory purpose would be served by requiring formal proof at the hearing of the substantiality of the Union’s claim to representation or by permitting the contending parties to litigate such issue at the hearing.

11977–1977
Townsend v. County of Los Angeles green
calctapp · 1975
11976–1976
McIlvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police green
pa · 1973
11976–1976
McIlvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police green
pacommwct · 1972
11976–1976
Weiss v. Walsh green
nysd · 1971
11976–1976
Gossman v. State Employees Retirement System green
neb · 1964
11976–1976
United States v. Weiss green
ca2 · 1972
11976–1976
Browning v. City of Seattle neutral
wash · 1957
11976–1976
Lingham v. Commissioner green
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

1976(C.D.Cal. 1973) 359 F.Supp. 1285, 1287-1288 ; Weiss v. Walsh (S.D.N.Y. 1971) 324 F.Supp. 75, 77 , affd. 461 F.2d 846 , cert, den., 409 U.S. 1129 ...; Gossman *804 v. State Employees Retirement System (1964) 177 Neb. 326 ...; Campbell v. Aldrich (1938) 159 Ore. 208 . . . ; Mcllvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police (1972) 6 Pa.Cmwlth. 505 ... , affd. (1973) 454 Pa. 129 ... , app. dism., 415 U.S. 986 . . . ; Browning v. City of Seattle (1957) 50 Wn.2d 813 ....)” (Supra, at pp. 268-269.) With respect to Union’s claim that there is no rational basis warranting the distinction between retirement ages o

11976–1976
Sea-Land Services, Inc. v. Gaudet green
scotus · 1974
11976–1976
Retail Clerks Union, Local 770 v. Retail Clerks International Ass'n green
cacd · 1973
11976–1976
Campbell v. Aldrich green
or · 1938
11976–1976
Scofield v. National Labor Relations Board green
scotus · 1969
11970–1970
No. 15052 green
ca3 · 1965
11968–1968
Grimaldi v. Local No. 9 green
pa · 1959
11960–1960
Romero v. JOURNEYMEN BARBERS, ETC. green
nm · 1958
11960–1960
Columbia Boiler Co. v. Manville Boiler Co. green
scotus · 1959
11960–1960
Mihalchak v. American Dredging Co. green
scotus · 1959
11960–1960
American Securit Co. v. Shatterproof Glass Corp. green
scotus · 1959
11960–1960
Kerkemeyer v. Midkiff green
mo · 1957
11960–1960
JOURNEYMEN BARBERS, ETC. v. Industrial Commission neutral
colo · 1953
11960–1960
Marcus v. Rhode Island Insurance neutral
moctapp · 1915
11919–1919

Statutes the citing opinions construe

USC § 29u.s.c.151 (5) USC § 29u.s.c.160 (4) USC § 29u.s.c.185 (4) USC § 29u.s.c.152 (3) USC § 29u.s.c.157 (3) USC § 29u.s.c.158 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 42 (1903–2025) CA 30 (1919–2025) PA 21 (1868–2026) TX 14 (1879–2015) NY 13 (1891–2014) FL 11 (1959–2003) WA 10 (1954–2024) AL 8 (1943–2011) MO 7 (1984–2007) CT 7 (1930–2015) MS 5 (1956–1999) IN 5 (1973–2026) NJ 5 (1956–2004) WV 4 (1899–1974) LA 4 (1984–2011) MI 4 (1962–2016) WI 4 (1979–2008) KY 4 (1908–1989) RI 4 (1990–2007) MA 3 (1995–2017) OH 3 (2006–2022) OK 3 (1935–1996) DC 3 (1979–2010) ME 3 (1914–2000) GA 3 (1995–1998) MD 2 (2005–2006) HI 2 (1981–2000) NE 2 (1998–1999) NV 2 (1966–1966) DE 2 (1947–1971) AR 2 (1991–2016)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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