30 California opinions name it 2 courts 1919–2025 5 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc.green2 sentences2003In fact, the Union's motion to strike does not offer any detail regarding the nature of Rivero's alleged acts of bribery, nepotism, theft and extortion, even though it is the moving party's burden to demonstrate that the complaint comes within the provisions of section 425.16. ( Equilon, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 67, 124 Cal.Rptr.2d 507 , 52 P.3d 685 .) We nevertheless glean from the record and oral argument that the allegations were that Rivero hired both his ex-wife's daughter and the wife of one of the full-time custodians; he supervised his ex-wife; he offered to nominate a custodian for a $ 2003In fact, the Union's motion to strike does not offer any detail regarding the nature of Rivero's alleged acts of bribery, nepotism, theft and extortion, even though it is the moving party's burden to demonstrate that the complaint comes within the provisions of section 425.16. ( Equilon, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 67, 124 Cal.Rptr.2d 507 , 52 P.3d 685 .) We nevertheless glean from the record and oral argument that the allegations were that Rivero hired both his ex-wife's daughter and the wife of one of the full-time custodians; he supervised his ex-wife; he offered to nominate a custodian for a $ | 2 | 2 |
Holderby v. International Union of Operating Engineersgreen2 sentences1957The rationale of the so-called “exhaustion of remedies” *579 within the union rule and judicial recognition thereof is thus set forth in Holderby v. International Union etc. Engrs., 45 Cal.2d 843, 846 [ 291 P.2d 463 ] : “It is the general and well established jurisdictional rule that a plaintiff who seeks judicial relief against an organization of which he is a member must first invoke and exhaust the remedies provided by that organization applicable to his grievance. 1957The rationale of the so-called “exhaustion of remedies” *579 within the union rule and judicial recognition thereof is thus set forth in Holderby v. International Union etc. Engrs., 45 Cal.2d 843, 846 [ 291 P.2d 463 ] : “It is the general and well established jurisdictional rule that a plaintiff who seeks judicial relief against an organization of which he is a member must first invoke and exhaust the remedies provided by that organization applicable to his grievance. | 2 | 2 |
George Squillacote v. International Brotherhood Of Teamsters, Local 344green1 sentence2025(Squillacote v. Int’l Broth. of Teamsters, Local 344, supra, 561 F.2d at p. 40 [“The Union’s claim that § 9(b)(3) [of the NLRA] unconstitutionally penalizes the exercise of associational rights is neither an assertion of a clear violation of right nor one that could not be judicially determined if an exception from normal exhaustion requirements is not granted”]; see Pacific Maritime Ass’n v. National Labor Relations Bd. (9th Cir. 2016) 827 F.3d 1203 , 1210–1212 [concluding the district court lacked jurisdiction over a facial challenge to a nonfinal NLRB ruling on a certification decision beca | 1 | 1 |
Pacific Maritime Ass'n v. National Labor Relations Boardgreen1 sentence2025(Squillacote v. Int’l Broth. of Teamsters, Local 344, supra, 561 F.2d at p. 40 [“The Union’s claim that § 9(b)(3) [of the NLRA] unconstitutionally penalizes the exercise of associational rights is neither an assertion of a clear violation of right nor one that could not be judicially determined if an exception from normal exhaustion requirements is not granted”]; see Pacific Maritime Ass’n v. National Labor Relations Bd. (9th Cir. 2016) 827 F.3d 1203 , 1210–1212 [concluding the district court lacked jurisdiction over a facial challenge to a nonfinal NLRB ruling on a certification decision beca | 1 | 1 |
Sheriff v. Labor Relations Commissiongreen2 sentences2018Accordingly, PERB did not commit legal error in its overbreadth analysis by limiting its inquiry to the impact of the Personnel Rules on union regalia and displays. 3 PERB and the Union challenge the Court’s rules as overbroad only to the extent the rules affect union insignia and regalia and thereby infringe upon statutorily protected rights of the Court employees. 7 An example of this focused analysis, which distinguished between union and nonunion items, is provided by a Massachusetts case involving a sheriff’s directive prohibiting his “employees from ‘wearing … any pins or other [unauthor 2018Accordingly, PERB did not commit legal error in its overbreadth analysis by limiting its inquiry to the impact of the Personnel Rules on union regalia and displays. 3 PERB and the Union challenge the Court’s rules as overbroad only to the extent the rules affect union insignia and regalia and thereby infringe upon statutorily protected rights of the Court employees. 7 An example of this focused analysis, which distinguished between union and nonunion items, is provided by a Massachusetts case involving a sheriff’s directive prohibiting his “employees from ‘wearing … any pins or other [unauthor | 1 | 1 |
In Re SCgreen2 sentences2011See In re S.C. (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 396 , 406 [ 41 Cal.Rptr.3d 453 ] (“When an appellant’s brief makes no reference to the pages of the record where a point can be found, an appellate court need not search through the record in an effort to discover the point purportedly made.”). 2011See In re S.C. (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 396 , 406 [ 41 Cal.Rptr.3d 453 ] (“When an appellant’s brief makes no reference to the pages of the record where a point can be found, an appellate court need not search through the record in an effort to discover the point purportedly made.”). | 1 | 1 |
California Correctional Peace Officers Ass'n v. Stategreen1 sentence2009As discussed above, Code of Civil Procedure section 1281.2 expressly forbids courts from denying arbitration on the ground that the petitioner's claim is meritless." ( California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. v. State of California, supra, 142 Cal.App.4th at p. 211, original italics.) In our case, the district is contending that section 47611.5, subdivision (e) prevents the arbitrator from granting the union any relief. | 1 | 1 |
Efstratis v. First Northern Bank of Dixongreen2 sentences2002(Efstratis v. First Northern Bank (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 667, 671 [ 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 445 ].) However, since the trial court grounded its decision solely on the merits of the Union’s claim, which in this case depends only on a question of law, we consider the issue de novo. 2002(Efstratis v. First Northern Bank (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 667, 671 [ 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 445 ].) However, since the trial court grounded its decision solely on the merits of the Union’s claim, which in this case depends only on a question of law, we consider the issue de novo. | 1 | 1 |
United Steelworkers of America v. Sadlowskigreen2 sentences1984That section, part of the LMRDA’s “Bill of Rights” for union members, grants enumerated freedoms of speech and assembly in internal union matters but, in a proviso, leaves unimpaired a union’s right to adopt and enforce “reasonable rules” as to a member’s responsibilities toward the union. 27 Noting that a union rule in Sadlowski *352 prohibiting candidates for union office from accepting campaign contributions from nonmembers might interfere with rights which Congress intended to protect by the LMRDA, the United States Supreme Court nevertheless held the rule valid as “rationally related to a 1984That section, part of the LMRDA’s “Bill of Rights” for union members, grants enumerated freedoms of speech and assembly in internal union matters but, in a proviso, leaves unimpaired a union’s right to adopt and enforce “reasonable rules” as to a member’s responsibilities toward the union. 27 Noting that a union rule in Sadlowski *352 prohibiting candidates for union office from accepting campaign contributions from nonmembers might interfere with rights which Congress intended to protect by the LMRDA, the United States Supreme Court nevertheless held the rule valid as “rationally related to a | 1 | 1 |
Hospital Council of Northern California v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion. 1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion. | 1 | 1 |
Baillargeon v. Dep't of Water & Power of L.A.green2 sentences1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion. 1979(See Baillargeon v. Department of Water & Power (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 670, 676 [ 138 Cal.Rptr. 338 ]; Hospital Council of Northern Cal. v. Superior Court (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 331, 337-338 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 247 ].) Since the pleadings thus disclosed the possibility of an affirmative defense under section 20999.1, it was error to grant Union’s motion. | 1 | 1 |
| Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills of Ala.green | 1 | 1 |
| Republic Steel Corp. v. Maddoxgreen | 1 | 1 |
| United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp.green | 1 | 1 |
| John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. Livingstongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Botany Mills, Inc. v. TEXTILE WORKERS UNION, ETC.green | 1 | 1 |
| General Tire & Rubber Co. v. Local No. 512, United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum & Plastic Workersgreen | 1 | 1 |
| In re the Arbitration between Potoker & Brooklyn Eagle, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists, & Proprietors International Union of America, Local Union No. 205 v. Industrial Commissiongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Riviello v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers and Cosmetologists International Union of Americagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Coons v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers & Cosmetologists International Uniongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Retail Clerks International Ass'ngreen | 1 | 1 |
| Bautista v. Jonesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Riviello v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers & Cosmetologists' International Union of Americagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Wisconsin Employment Relations Board v. Journeymen Barbers, Hairdressers, Cosmetologists & Proprietors International Uniongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Emde v. San Joaquin County Central Labor Councilgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Walker v. City of San Gabrielgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Steen v. Board of Civil Service Commissionersgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Armistead v. City of Los Angelesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Detroit Edison Co. v. National Labor Relations Board
green
2 sentences2023(Detroit Edison, supra, 440 U.S. at p. 303 .) The tests were kept in the offices of the employer’s “industrial psychologists who, as members of the American Psychological Association, deemed themselves ethically bound not to disclose test information to unauthorized persons.” (Id. at pp. 306‒307.) The employer refused to disclose to the union the test questions, employee answer sheets, and the scores linked with the names of employees who received them, asserting it was necessary to maintain complete confidentiality of these materials to ensure the future integrity of the tests and to protect 2023(Detroit Edison, supra, 440 U.S. at p. 303 .) The tests were kept in the offices of the employer’s “industrial psychologists who, as members of the American Psychological Association, deemed themselves ethically bound not to disclose test information to unauthorized persons.” (Id. at pp. 306‒307.) The employer refused to disclose to the union the test questions, employee answer sheets, and the scores linked with the names of employees who received them, asserting it was necessary to maintain complete confidentiality of these materials to ensure the future integrity of the tests and to protect | 2 | 2023–2023 |
Levy v. Magnolia Lodge, No. 29, I. O. O. F.
green
2 sentences1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief. 1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief. | 2 | 1957–1957 |
Lawson v. Hewell
green
2 sentences1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief. 1957(Lawson v. Hewell, supra, 118 Cal. 613 [ 50 P. 763 , 49 L.R.A. 400 ] ; Levy v. Magnolia Lodge No. 29, I.O.O.F., 110 Cal. 297 [ 42 P. 887 ].) This rule is analogous to the rule requiring the exhaustion of administrative remedies as a condition precedent to resorting to the courts (see 2 Cal. Jur.2d 304), and to the rule requiring the parties to a contract for arbitration of disputes to exhaust those remedies before seeking judicial relief. | 2 | 1957–1957 |
Nicolopulos v. City of Lawndale
green
1 sentence2022(Ibid.) 5 Quo warranto may be brought by the Attorney General “ ‘upon his own information, or upon a complaint of a private party’ ” against any person “who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises any public office, civil or military, or any franchise, or against any corporation, either de jure or de facto, which usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises any franchise, within this state.” (Nicolopulos v. City of Lawndale (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 1221, 1228 ; Code Civ. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
City of Malibu v. California Coastal Commission
green
1 sentence2021(See Malibu, supra, 128 Cal.App.4th at p. 901 .) The Union also says the trial court acted arbitrarily by denying the Union’s motion but by allowing the Board to intervene. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
City & County of San Francisco v. International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 39
green
1 sentence2019It is the conduct being regulated, not the formal description of governing legal standards, that is the proper focus of concern’ ”].) In Local 39, this Court determined that it did not matter whether the plaintiff city attempted to characterize its claim against a union as the violation of mandatory charter provisions rather than an unfair practices charge over which PERB had exclusive jurisdiction: “The City may not, through artful pleading, evade PERB’s exclusive jurisdiction.” (Local 39, supra, at p. 945 .) 2. | 1 | 2019–2019 |
Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of New York, Inc.
green
1 sentence2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Marcario v. County of Orange
green
1 sentence2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Conde v. Yeshiva University
green
1 sentence2013Cal. 2010 WL 3359372 [FLSA claims and California wage and hour claims, including meal period claims]; Prince v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) 37 F.Supp.2d 289 [Civil Rights Act]; Conde v. Yeshiva University (N.Y. 2005) 792 N.Y.S.2d 387 [wage and hours].) A union waiver of employee statutory rights in a collective bargaining agreement can “be effected only by the most ‘explicit’ language, without any resort to inference.” (Marcario v. County of Orange (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 397, 405 .) Many California 3 cases have held that collective bargaining agreements did not clearly and unmistaka | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center
green
2 sentences2007Additionally, I would overrule Pruneyard, supra, 23 Cal.3d 899 , 153 Cal.Rptr. 854 , 592 P.2d 341 . 2007Additionally, I would overrule Pruneyard, supra, 23 Cal.3d 899 , 153 Cal.Rptr. 854 , 592 P.2d 341 . | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Hoffman v. Pedley School District
green
1 sentence2007(See Hoffman v. Pedley School Dist., supra, 210 Cal.App.2d at pp. 75-76, 26 Cal.Rptr. 109 .) In this matter, the union did not challenge the prevailing rate to be paid to workers on any of the three proposed public works projects within the 20-day period specified by statute. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Los Angeles Teachers Union, Local 1021 v. Los Angeles City Board of Education
green
1 sentence2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement. | 1 | 2006–2006 |
LA Teachers Union v. LA City Bd. of Ed.
green
2 sentences2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement. 2006A. City Bd. of Ed. (1969) 71 Cal.2d 551 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 723 , 455 P.2d 827 ].) The union does not challenge the scope of the arbitration clause; in other words, the union does not contend that the interpretation of “partisan political” is not covered by the collective bargaining agreement. | 1 | 2006–2006 |
People v. Pacific Land Research Co.
green
2 sentences2003This case is to be distinguished from People v. Pacific Land Research Co. (1977) 20 Cal.3d 10, 21 , footnote 11, 141 Cal.Rptr. 20 , 569 P.2d 125 . 2003This case is to be distinguished from People v. Pacific Land Research Co. (1977) 20 Cal.3d 10, 21 , footnote 11, 141 Cal.Rptr. 20 , 569 P.2d 125 . | 1 | 2003–2003 |
Hopson v. National Union of Marine Cooks & Stewards
green
1 sentence1987Union etc. Cooks, Stewards (1953) 116 Cal.App.3d 320, 327 [ 253 P.2d 733 ], for the proposition that suit by a member expelled from a union in violation of the union’s constitution and bylaws is governed by a four-year statute of limitation for breach of contract. | 1 | 1987–1987 |
Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
green
2 sentences1986We also note in this connection that, while citing other authorities, neither of the parties brought to the attention of the trial court or this court Carey v. Westinghouse Corp. (1964) 375 U.S. 261 [ 11 L.Ed.2d 320 , 84 S.Ct. 401 ], holding that a dispute concerning representation is not necessarily within the exclusive jurisdiction of the NLRB and may be arbitrated under a collective bargaining agreement. 1986We also note in this connection that, while citing other authorities, neither of the parties brought to the attention of the trial court or this court Carey v. Westinghouse Corp. (1964) 375 U.S. 261 [ 11 L.Ed.2d 320 , 84 S.Ct. 401 ], holding that a dispute concerning representation is not necessarily within the exclusive jurisdiction of the NLRB and may be arbitrated under a collective bargaining agreement. | 1 | 1986–1986 |
Pinsker v. Pacific Coast Society of Orthodontists
green
1 sentence1984The standard announced in Pinsker was that enforcement of a rule would not be prohibited unless it was either “contrary to established policy” or “so ‘patently arbitrary and unreasonable’ as to be ‘beyond the pale of the law.’ ” ( 12 Cal.3d 541, 558 .) Under that standard, a rule not allowing an orthodontist to delegate his services or operations to one less qualified than himself where orthodontic competence was required was held reasonable. | 1 | 1984–1984 |
National Labor Relations Board v. J. I. Case Co.
green
1 sentence1977Case Co., supra, 201 F.2d 597, 600 , the court stated: “we agree with the Board that no statutory purpose would be served by requiring formal proof at the hearing of the substantiality of the Union’s claim to representation or by permitting the contending parties to litigate such issue at the hearing. | 1 | 1977–1977 |
| Townsend v. County of Los Angeles green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| McIlvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| McIlvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Weiss v. Walsh green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Gossman v. State Employees Retirement System green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| United States v. Weiss green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Browning v. City of Seattle neutral | 1 | 1976–1976 |
Lingham v. Commissioner
green
1 sentence1976(C.D.Cal. 1973) 359 F.Supp. 1285, 1287-1288 ; Weiss v. Walsh (S.D.N.Y. 1971) 324 F.Supp. 75, 77 , affd. 461 F.2d 846 , cert, den., 409 U.S. 1129 ...; Gossman *804 v. State Employees Retirement System (1964) 177 Neb. 326 ...; Campbell v. Aldrich (1938) 159 Ore. 208 . . . ; Mcllvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police (1972) 6 Pa.Cmwlth. 505 ... , affd. (1973) 454 Pa. 129 ... , app. dism., 415 U.S. 986 . . . ; Browning v. City of Seattle (1957) 50 Wn.2d 813 ....)” (Supra, at pp. 268-269.) With respect to Union’s claim that there is no rational basis warranting the distinction between retirement ages o | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Sea-Land Services, Inc. v. Gaudet green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Retail Clerks Union, Local 770 v. Retail Clerks International Ass'n green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Campbell v. Aldrich green | 1 | 1976–1976 |
| Scofield v. National Labor Relations Board green | 1 | 1970–1970 |
| No. 15052 green | 1 | 1968–1968 |
| Grimaldi v. Local No. 9 green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| Romero v. JOURNEYMEN BARBERS, ETC. green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| Columbia Boiler Co. v. Manville Boiler Co. green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| Mihalchak v. American Dredging Co. green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| American Securit Co. v. Shatterproof Glass Corp. green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| Kerkemeyer v. Midkiff green | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| JOURNEYMEN BARBERS, ETC. v. Industrial Commission neutral | 1 | 1960–1960 |
| Marcus v. Rhode Island Insurance neutral | 1 | 1919–1919 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.