Pa. Cons. Stat. » 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. (PUBLIC OFFICERS) / Chapter 11
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes

65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108 (2026)

  Investigations by commission.

✓ current as of May 2026
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§ 1108.  Investigations by commission.

(a)  Preliminary inquiry.--Upon a complaint signed under penalty of perjury by any person or upon its own motion, the commission, through its executive director, shall conduct a preliminary inquiry into any alleged violation of this chapter. The commission shall keep information, records and proceedings relating to a preliminary inquiry confidential. The commission shall, however, have the authority to refer the case to law enforcement officials during a preliminary inquiry or anytime thereafter without providing notice to the subject of the inquiry. The commission shall complete its preliminary inquiry within 60 days of its initiation.

(b)  Termination of preliminary inquiry.--If a preliminary inquiry fails to establish reason to believe that this chapter has been violated, the commission shall terminate the inquiry and so notify the complainant and the person who had been the subject of the inquiry. If the commission determines that a complaint is frivolous, it shall so state.

(c)  Initiation of investigation.--If a preliminary inquiry establishes reason to believe that this chapter has been violated, the commission may, through its executive director, initiate an investigation to determine if there has been a violation. The commission shall keep information, records and proceedings relating to an investigation confidential until a final determination is made, except as otherwise provided in subsection (g). No investigation may be commenced until the person who is the subject of the investigation has been notified and provided a general statement of the alleged violation or violations of this chapter and other applicable statutes with respect to such investigation. Service of notice is complete upon mailing which shall be by certified or registered mail. The commission shall notify the complainant within 72 hours of the commencement of an investigation, and, thereafter, the commission shall advise the complainant and the person who is the subject of the investigation of the status of the investigation at least every 90 days until the investigation is terminated. The commission shall, within 180 days of the initiation of an investigation, either terminate the investigation pursuant to subsection (d) or issue a findings report pursuant to subsection (e). Upon a showing by the executive director of the need for extension of this period, the commission may extend an investigation for up to two 90-day periods, provided that each 90-day extension shall be approved by a majority vote of members present. In no event shall a findings report be issued later than 360 days after initiation of an investigation.

(d)  Termination of investigation.--If an investigation conducted under this chapter indicates that no violation has been committed, the commission shall immediately terminate the investigation and send written notice of such determination to the complainant and the person who was the subject of the investigation.

(e)  Findings report.--The commission, upon the completion of an investigation, shall issue a findings report to the subject of the investigation setting forth the pertinent findings of fact. The subject shall have the right to respond to said findings and to request an evidentiary hearing on said matter. The commission shall grant any request for a hearing. Said hearing shall be held in Harrisburg or, at the request of the subject, in either Philadelphia or Pittsburgh. Any response to the findings report must either admit or deny by corresponding number and letter the pertinent facts set forth. The subject of the investigation shall have access to any evidence intended to be used by the commission at the hearing and any exculpatory evidence developed by the commission in the course of its investigation. Matters not specifically denied in the response shall be deemed admitted. The response must be filed within 30 days of the issuance of the findings report unless the time period is extended by the commission for good cause shown. Hearings conducted upon request shall be instituted within 45 days after the filing of the response.

(f)  Final order.--Within 30 days of the receipt by the commission of the hearing record or, if no hearing is to be held, within 30 days of the receipt by the commission of the response to the findings report, the commission shall issue an order which shall be final. Upon receipt of a final order, the subject shall have the right to file a petition for reconsideration in accordance with the regulations of the commission.

(g)  Procedure for hearing.--Hearings conducted pursuant to this section shall be closed to the public unless the subject requests an open hearing. Any person who appears before the commission shall have all of the due process rights, privileges and responsibilities of a party or witness appearing before an administrative agency of this Commonwealth. All witnesses summoned for such hearings shall receive reimbursement for reasonable expenses in accordance with 42 Pa.C.S. § 5903 (relating to compensation and expenses of witnesses). At the conclusion of a hearing concerning an alleged violation and in a timely manner, the commission shall deliberate on the evidence and determine whether there has been a violation of this chapter. At least four members of the commission present at a meeting must find a violation by clear and convincing proof. The names of the members finding a violation and the names of those dissenting and abstaining shall be listed in the order. The determination of the commission, in the form of a final order and findings of fact, shall be a matter of public record.

(h)  Availability of final orders, files and records.--Orders which become final in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be available as public documents, but the files and records of the commission relating to the case shall remain confidential.

(i)  Appeal.--Any person aggrieved by an opinion or order which becomes final in accordance with the provisions of this chapter who has direct interest in such opinion or order shall have the right to appeal therefrom in accordance with law and general rules.

(j)  Retaliation prohibited.--No public official or public employee shall discharge any official or employee or change his official rank, grade or compensation or deny him a promotion or threaten to do so for filing a complaint with or providing information to the commission or testifying in any commission proceeding. No member of the commission and no employee of the commission shall discharge any employee of the commission or change his official rank, grade or compensation or threaten to do so for providing any information about the internal operations of the commission, not required by law to be kept secret, to any legislator or legislative staff member or testifying in any legislative proceeding.

(k)  Confidentiality.--As a general rule, no person shall disclose or acknowledge to any other person any information relating to a complaint, preliminary inquiry, investigation, hearing or petition for reconsideration which is before the commission. However, a person may disclose or acknowledge to another person matters held confidential in accordance with this subsection when the matters pertain to any of the following:

(1)  final orders of the commission as provided in subsection (h);

(2)  hearings conducted in public pursuant to subsection (g);

(3)  for the purpose of seeking advice of legal counsel;

(4)  filing an appeal from a commission order;

(5)  communicating with the commission or its staff, in the course of a preliminary inquiry, investigation, hearing or petition for reconsideration by the commission;

(6)  consulting with a law enforcement official or agency for the purpose of initiating, participating in or responding to an investigation or prosecution by the law enforcement official or agency;

(7)  testifying under oath before a governmental body or a similar body of the United States of America;

(8)  any information, records or proceedings relating to a complaint, preliminary inquiry, investigation, hearing or petition for reconsideration which the person is the subject of; or

(9)  such other exceptions as the commission by regulation may direct.

(l)  Frivolous complaints and wrongful disclosure.--If a public official or public employee has reason to believe the complaint is frivolous as defined by this chapter, or without probable cause and made primarily for a purpose other than that of reporting a violation of this chapter, or a person publicly disclosed or caused to be disclosed that a complaint against the public official or public employee has been filed with the commission, the public official or public employee shall notify the commission and the commission, through its executive director, shall conduct an investigation.

(m)  Limitation of time.--The commission may conduct an investigation within five years after the alleged occurrence of any violation of this chapter.

 

Cross References.  Section 1108 is referred to in sections 1106, 1107, 1109, 13A08, 13A09 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 22 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 2002–2025 · leading case: Shaulis v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 833 A.2d 123 (Pa. 2003).
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Shaulis v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 833 A.2d 123 (Pa. 2003). · cites it 6× “See 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(f) (delineating as final an order required to be issued by the Commission within thirty days of receipt of the investigative hearing record or response to the findings report, where a hearing has not occurred).”
G.L. v. State Ethics Comm'n, 17 A.3d 445 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). · cites it 5× “Discussion There is no question that, had the ID not timely issued a Findings Report within the time period set forth in Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c), this matter would not be before our Court.”
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). · cites it 6× “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
In Re Bryant, 852 A.2d 1193 (Pa. 2004). · cites it 2× “, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108 (prescribing penalties for financial disclosure violations).”
Kistler v. Commonwealth, State Ethics Comm'n, 22 A.3d 223 (Pa. 2011). · cites it 2× “However, the Commission must provide clear and convincing evidence, see 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(g), that the public official's action was accompanied by awareness of the potential for private financial benefit and was undertaken as a step in attaining that benefit.”
Stilp v. Contino, 743 F. Supp. 2d 460 (M.D. Penn. 2010). · cites it 3× “This case involves a constitutional challenge to § 1108(k) of the Public Official Employee Ethics Act (“Act”), 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108 (k). Presently before the court are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment (Docs.”
Bartholomew v. State Ethics Comm'n, 795 A.2d 1073 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2002). · cites it 2× “65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(a), (c), (e), (g). Likewise, Section 21.”
Stilp v. Contino, 629 F. Supp. 2d 449 (M.D. Penn. 2009). “Stilp seeks to enjoin enforcement of § 1108(k) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act, 65 Pa. Cons.Stat. § 1108(k), which prohibits disclosure by any person of information relating to an ethics complaint, preliminary inquiry, investigation, hearing, or petition for…”
Rendell v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 938 A.2d 554 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2007). “65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(i). However, Section 1108 is titled "Investigations by commission,” and its other subsections deal with investigations and inquiries made pursuant to complaints to the commission.”
Suber v. Pennsylvania Comm'n on Crime & Delinquency, 885 A.2d 678 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2005). “” 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108. In Pulice v. State Ethics Commission, 713 A.”
Eathorne v. State Ethics Comm'n, 960 A.2d 206 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2008). · cites it 2× “The letter further explained that per the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108, and the Commission Regulations, 51 Pa.”
Shawnee Tabernacle Church v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 76 A.3d 117 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2013). · cites it 2× “] Commission investigative matters are strictly confidential (65 Pa.C.S. § 1108),[ 3 ] and there is no basis for allowing the Church as a non-party to intervene and/or have access to discovery in any investigative matter before the Commission; and There is no basis for…”
Show all 22 citing cases →
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(a) — 6 cases
Bartholomew v. State Ethics Comm'n, 795 A.2d 1073 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2002). “65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(a), (c), (e), (g). Likewise, Section 21.”
Keller v. State Ethics Comm'n, 860 A.2d 659 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2004).
M. Baloga v. B.D. Jacisin (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2025).
E.L. Filby, E.L. Davidson v. Colebrookdale Twp. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2018).
Pilchesky v. Mellow, 19 A.3d 570 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011).
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(c) — 3 cases
G.L. v. State Ethics Comm'n, 17 A.3d 445 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “Discussion There is no question that, had the ID not timely issued a Findings Report within the time period set forth in Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c), this matter would not be before our Court.”
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
M. Baloga v. B.D. Jacisin (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2025).
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(e) — 4 cases
G.L. v. State Ethics Comm'n, 17 A.3d 445 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “Discussion There is no question that, had the ID not timely issued a Findings Report within the time period set forth in Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c), this matter would not be before our Court.”
Eathorne v. State Ethics Comm'n, 960 A.2d 206 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2008). “The letter further explained that per the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108, and the Commission Regulations, 51 Pa.”
Jupiter Tavern, Inc. v. Pennsylvania Liquor Control Bd., 171 A.3d 921 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2017).
M. Baloga v. B.D. Jacisin (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2025).
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(f) — 2 cases
Shaulis v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 833 A.2d 123 (Pa. 2003). “See 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(f) (delineating as final an order required to be issued by the Commission within thirty days of receipt of the investigative hearing record or response to the findings report, where a hearing has not occurred).”
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(g) — 5 cases
Kistler v. Commonwealth, State Ethics Comm'n, 22 A.3d 223 (Pa. 2011). “However, the Commission must provide clear and convincing evidence, see 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(g), that the public official's action was accompanied by awareness of the potential for private financial benefit and was undertaken as a step in attaining that benefit.”
Bartholomew v. State Ethics Comm'n, 795 A.2d 1073 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2002). “65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(a), (c), (e), (g). Likewise, Section 21.”
G.L. v. State Ethics Comm'n, 17 A.3d 445 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “Discussion There is no question that, had the ID not timely issued a Findings Report within the time period set forth in Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c), this matter would not be before our Court.”
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
Kistler v. State Ethics Comm'n, 958 A.2d 1092 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2008).
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(i) — 3 cases
Shaulis v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 833 A.2d 123 (Pa. 2003). “See 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(f) (delineating as final an order required to be issued by the Commission within thirty days of receipt of the investigative hearing record or response to the findings report, where a hearing has not occurred).”
Rendell v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 938 A.2d 554 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2007). “65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(i). However, Section 1108 is titled "Investigations by commission,” and its other subsections deal with investigations and inquiries made pursuant to complaints to the commission.”
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(k) — 3 cases
Stilp v. Contino, 629 F. Supp. 2d 449 (M.D. Penn. 2009). “Stilp seeks to enjoin enforcement of § 1108(k) of the Public Official and Employee Ethics Act, 65 Pa. Cons.Stat. § 1108(k), which prohibits disclosure by any person of information relating to an ethics complaint, preliminary inquiry, investigation, hearing, or petition for…”
Shawnee Tabernacle Church v. Pennsylvania State Ethics Comm'n, 76 A.3d 117 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2013). “] Commission investigative matters are strictly confidential (65 Pa.C.S. § 1108),[ 3 ] and there is no basis for allowing the Church as a non-party to intervene and/or have access to discovery in any investigative matter before the Commission; and There is no basis for…”
Garmong v. Stephanini, 802 A.2d 1264 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2002).
— 65 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1108(m) — 2 cases
Seropian v. State Ethics Comm'n, 20 A.3d 534 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2011). “After granting the ID two extensions to continue its investigation pursuant to Section 1108(c) of the Ethics Act, 65 Pa.C.S. § 1108(c) (authorizing the Commission to grant up to two 90-day extensions to the ID), the Commission informed Seropian that it was amending the…”
The Hon. W. Scott, Mayor of the City of Reading v. City of Reading Charter Bd. (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2021).
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