29 U.S.C. § 720

Declaration of policy; authorization of appropriations

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(a) Findings; purpose; policy(1) FindingsCongress finds that—(A) work—(i) is a valued activity, both for individuals and society; and(ii) fulfills the need of an individual to be productive, promotes independence, enhances self-esteem, and allows for participation in the mainstream of life in the United States;(B) as a group, individuals with disabilities experience staggering levels of unemployment and poverty;(C) individuals with disabilities, including individuals with the most significant disabilities, have demonstrated their ability to achieve gainful employment in competitive integrated employment settings if appropriate services and supports are provided;(D) reasons for significant numbers of individuals with disabilities not working, or working at levels not commensurate with their abilities and capabilities, include—(i) discrimination;(ii) lack of accessible and available transportation;(iii) fear of losing health coverage under the Medicare and Medicaid programs carried out under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq. and 1396 et seq.) or fear of losing private health insurance; and(iv) lack of education, training, and supports to meet job qualification standards necessary to secure, retain, regain, or advance in employment;(E) enforcement of subchapter V and of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) holds the promise of ending discrimination for individuals with disabilities;(F) the provision of workforce development activities and vocational rehabilitation services can enable individuals with disabilities, including individuals with the most significant disabilities, to pursue meaningful careers by securing gainful employment commensurate with their abilities and capabilities; and(G) linkages between the vocational rehabilitation programs established under this subchapter and other components of the statewide workforce development systems are critical to ensure effective and meaningful participation by individuals with disabilities in workforce development activities.(2) PurposeThe purpose of this subchapter is to assist States in operating statewide comprehensive, coordinated, effective, efficient, and accountable programs of vocational rehabilitation, each of which is—(A) an integral part of a statewide workforce development system; and(B) designed to assess, plan, develop, and provide vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with disabilities, consistent with their strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, informed choice, and economic self-sufficiency, so that such individuals may prepare for and engage in gainful employment.(3) PolicyIt is the policy of the United States that such a program shall be carried out in a manner consistent with the following principles:(A) Individuals with disabilities, including individuals with the most significant disabilities, are generally presumed to be capable of engaging in gainful employment and the provision of individualized vocational rehabilitation services can improve their ability to become gainfully employed.(B) Individuals with disabilities must be provided the opportunities to obtain competitive integrated employment.(C) Individuals who are applicants for such programs or eligible to participate in such programs must be active and full partners in the vocational rehabilitation process, making meaningful and informed choices—(i) during assessments for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs; and(ii) in the selection of employment outcomes for the individuals, services needed to achieve the outcomes, entities providing such services, and the methods used to secure such services.(D) Families and other natural supports can play important roles in the success of a vocational rehabilitation program, if the individual with a disability involved requests, desires, or needs such supports.(E) Vocational rehabilitation counselors that are trained and prepared in accordance with State policies and procedures as described in section 721(a)(7)(B) of this title (referred to individually in this subchapter as a “qualified vocational rehabilitation counselor”), other qualified rehabilitation personnel, and other qualified personnel should facilitate the accomplishment of the employment outcomes and objectives of an individual.(F) Individuals with disabilities and the individuals’ representatives are full partners in a vocational rehabilitation program and must be involved on a regular basis and in a meaningful manner with respect to policy development and implementation.(G) Accountability measures must facilitate the accomplishment of the goals and objectives of the program, including providing vocational rehabilitation services to, among others, individuals with the most significant disabilities.(b) Authorization of appropriations(1) In general

For the purpose of making grants to States under part B to assist States in meeting the costs of vocational rehabilitation services provided in accordance with State plans under section 721 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated $3,302,053,000 for each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2020, except that the amount to be appropriated for a fiscal year shall not be less than the amount of the appropriation under this paragraph for the immediately preceding fiscal year, increased by the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index determined under subsection (c) for the immediately preceding fiscal year.

(2) Reference

The reference in paragraph (1) to grants to States under part B shall not be considered to refer to grants under section 732 of this title.

No later than November 15 of each fiscal year (beginning with fiscal year 1979), the Secretary of Labor shall publish in the Federal Register the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index published for October of the preceding fiscal year and October of the fiscal year in which such publication is made.

(2) Application(A) Increase

If in any fiscal year the percentage change published under paragraph (1) indicates an increase in the Consumer Price Index, then the amount to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1) for the subsequent fiscal year shall be at least the amount appropriated under subsection (b)(1) for the fiscal year in which the publication is made under paragraph (1) increased by such percentage change.

(B) No increase or decrease

If in any fiscal year the percentage change published under paragraph (1) does not indicate an increase in the Consumer Price Index, then the amount to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1) for the subsequent fiscal year shall be at least the amount appropriated under subsection (b)(1) for the fiscal year in which the publication is made under paragraph (1).

(3) Definition

For purposes of this section, the term “Consumer Price Index” means the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(d) Extension(1) In general(A) Authorization or duration of programUnless the Congress in the regular session which ends prior to the beginning of the terminal fiscal year—(i) of the authorization of appropriations for the program authorized by the State grant program under part B of this subchapter; or(ii) of the duration of the program authorized by the State grant program under part B of this subchapter;has passed legislation which would have the effect of extending the authorization or duration (as the case may be) of such program, such authorization or duration is automatically extended for 1 additional year for the program authorized by this subchapter.(B) Calculation

The amount authorized to be appropriated for the additional fiscal year described in subparagraph (A) shall be an amount equal to the amount appropriated for such program for fiscal year 2003, increased by the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index determined under subsection (c) for the immediately preceding fiscal year, if the percentage change indicates an increase.

(2) Construction(A) Passage of legislation

For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A), Congress shall not be deemed to have passed legislation unless such legislation becomes law.

(B) Acts or determinations of Commissioner

In any case where the Commissioner is required under an applicable statute to carry out certain acts or make certain determinations which are necessary for the continuation of the program authorized by this subchapter, if such acts or determinations are required during the terminal year of such program, such acts and determinations shall be required during any fiscal year in which the extension described in that part of paragraph (1) that follows clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) is in effect.

(Pub. L. 93–112, title I, § 100, as added Pub. L. 105–220, title IV, § 404, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1116; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title IV, § 411, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1640.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(D)(iii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§ 1395 et seq.) and XIX (§ 1396 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§ 12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 720, Pub. L. 93–112, title I, § 100, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 93–516, title I, § 102(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 93–651, title I, § 102(a), Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–3; Pub. L. 94–230, §§ 2(a), 11(b)(2), (3), Mar. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 211, 213; Pub. L. 95–602, title I, § 101(a), (b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2955; Pub. L. 98–221, title I, § 111(a)–(d), Feb. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 99–506, title I, § 103(d)(2)(C), title II, § 201, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1810, 1813; Pub. L. 100–630, title II, § 202(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3304; Pub. L. 102–52, § 2(a), (b)(1), June 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 260; Pub. L. 102–569, title I, § 121(a), (b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4365, 4367, related to congressional findings, purpose, policy, authorization of appropriations, change in Consumer Price Index, and extension of program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–220.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(1)(A), substituted “competitive integrated employment” for “integrated”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(D)(iii). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(1)(B), substituted “Medicare and Medicaid” for “medicare and medicaid”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(1)(C), substituted “development” for “investment”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(1)(D), substituted “workforce development systems” for “workforce investment systems” and “workforce development activities” for “workforce investment activities”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(2)(A), substituted “workforce development system” for “workforce investment system”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(2)(B), substituted “informed choice, and economic self-sufficiency,” for “and informed choice,”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(3)(A), substituted “competitive integrated employment” for “gainful employment in integrated settings”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(E). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(a)(3)(B), inserted “should” before “facilitate the accomplishment”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–128, § 411(b), substituted “$3,302,053,000 for each of the fiscal years 2015 through 2020” for “such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 1999 through 2003”.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesDefinitions of Terms in Pub. L. 113–128

Except as otherwise provided, definitions in section 3 of Pub. L. 113–128, which is classified to section 3102 of this title, apply to this section.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 76 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 1978–2025 · leading case: Jerry Sanderlin v. Seminole Tribe of Florida, 243 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2001).

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Jerry Sanderlin v. Seminole Tribe of Florida, 243 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2001). “Section § 721 states in pertinent part: "To be eligible to participate in programs under *1290 this subchapter [ 29 U.S.C.A. § 720 , et seq.\, a State shall submit to the Commissioner a State plan for vocational rehabilitation services that meets the requirements of this…”

Ne. Occupational Exch., Inc. v. Bureau of Rehab., 473 A.2d 406 (Me. 1984). · cites it 3× “The Bureau of Rehabilitation, so created, is charged with administering several of these programs on behalf of the state, including a federal program of vocational rehabilitation designed to prepare handicapped persons for gainful employment, 29 U.S.C. §§ 720 et seq. (1976 &…”

Sharon P. Diamond v. State of Michigan, Michigan Dep't of Career Dev./Rehab. Servs., 431 F.3d 262 (6th Cir. 2005). · cites it 2× “Diamond was a recipient of services and other support from defendant-appellee Michigan Rehabilitation Services (“MRS”), a Michigan state agency providing vocational rehabilitation services under the Rehabilitation Act (“Act”), 29 U.S.C. § 720 et seq. Diamond appeals the district…”

Carrigan v. New York State Educ. Dep't, 485 F. Supp. 2d 131 (N.D.N.Y. 2007). · cites it 3× “After VESID denied his request for vocational rehabilitation services, Carrigan commenced this action pursuant to Title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 720 , seeking judicial review of the April 2005 final administrative determination.”

Klugel v. Small, 519 F. Supp. 2d 66 (D.D.C. 2007). “(“Title VII”) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 720 et seq. (“Rehabilitation Act”), as well as tort causes of action for invasion of privacy and defamation.”

Jones v. Illinois Dep't of Rehab. Servs., 504 F. Supp. 1244 (N.D. Ill. 1981). · cites it 3× “Section 100(a) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. § 720 (a). 19 Under part A of title I each state is required to submit to the Commissioner of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (the “Commissioner”) a state plan for vocational rehabilitation services for a three-year period in order…”

Williams v. Dep't of Human Servs. Div. of Rehab. Servs., 2019 IL App (1st) 181517 (Ill. App. Ct. 2020). “1 (2016) (stating purpose of the State Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program); see also 29 U.S.C. § 720 (b)(1) (2012) (declaring purpose and policy of vocational rehabilitation services).”

Zingher v. Dep't of Aging & Disabilities, 664 A.2d 256 (Vt. 1995). · cites it 2× “” 29 U.S.C.A. § 720 (a)(2) (West Supp. 1995).”

Ryans v. New Jersey Com'n for the Blind, Etc., 542 F. Supp. 841 (D.N.J. 1982). · cites it 2× “Ryans, a handicapped individual, brings this action against the New Jersey Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired and Norma Krajczar, the Commission’s Executive Director, alleging that defendants have unlawfully denied him rehabilitative services and benefits to which he…”

Buchanan v. Ives, 793 F. Supp. 361 (D. Me. 1991). · cites it 2× “29 U.S.C. § 720 (b)(1)(C). The purpose of the Rehabilitation Act is “to develop and implement, through research, training, services, and the guarantee of equal opportunity, comprehensive coordinated programs of vocational rehabilitation and independent living, for individuals…”

Murphy v. Off. of Vocational & Educ. Servs. for Individuals With Disabilities, 705 N.E.2d 1180 (NY 1998). · cites it 2× “inated, effective, efficient, and accountable program of vocational rehabilitation that is designed to assess, plan, develop, and provide vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with disabilities, consistent with their strengths, resources, priorities, concerns,…”

Gregory C. Mallett v. Wisconsin Div. of Vocational Rehab. & Judy R. Norman-Nunnery, 130 F.3d 1245 (7th Cir. 1997). “” 3 Specifically, Title I is intended to 29 U.S.C. § 720 (a)(2). To that end, Congress created an interactive federal-state scheme whereby a state may receive federal funding for its vocational rehabilitation programs if it submits to the Commissioner of the Rehabilitation…”

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