4 U.S.C. § 4
Pledge of allegiance to the flag; manner of delivery
The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag: “I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.”, should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. When not in uniform men should remove any non-religious headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and render the military salute. Members of the Armed Forces not in uniform and veterans may render the military salute in the manner provided for persons in uniform.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 23
cases (4 in the last 5 years), 2000–2026 · leading case: Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004).
Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow, 542 U.S. 1 (2004). “" 4 U. S. C. § 4 . II Under California law, "every public elementary school" must begin each day with "appropriate patriotic exercises.”
Freedom From Religion Found. v. Hanover Sch. Dist., 626 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2010). “” 4 U.S.C. § 4 (“the federal Pledge statute”).”
Myers v. Loudoun Cnty. Pub. Schs., 418 F.3d 395 (4th Cir. 2005). “” 4 U.S.C.A. § 4 (West 2005) (the Pledge statute).”
Freedom From Religion Found. v. Hanover Sch. Dist., 665 F. Supp. 2d 58 (D.N.H. 2009). “All other individuals and institutions named in the caption of this order are intervenors and, as such, have the right to be heard on only two issues: the constitutionality, of 4 U.S.C. § 4 (sometimes referred to below as “the federal Pledge statute”), and the constitutionality…”
Habecker v. Town of Estes Park, Colo., 518 F.3d 1217 (10th Cir. 2008). “Along with several state law claims not pursued on appeal, Habecker complained that: (1) The Pledge statute, 4 U.S.C. § 4 , facially violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment; (2) The Pledge policy adopted by the Town violates the Establishment Clause; (3) The…”
Newdow v. Cong. of the United States, 383 F. Supp. 2d 1229 (E.D. Cal. 2005). “He and two other sets of parents and their minor children 1 bring suit to challenge the constitutionality of 4 U.S.C. § 4 , which codifies the wording of the Pledge of Allegiance, and the practices of four California public school districts requiring students to recite the…”
Newdow v. U.S. Cong., 328 F.3d 466 (9th Cir. 2002). “The Pledge is recited not just in schools but also at various official events and public ceremonies, including perhaps the most patriotic of occasions— naturalization ceremonies. Generally, the Pledge is recited while standing, facing a United States flag, with the right hand…”
United States v. Wonschik, 353 F.3d 1192 (10th Cir. 2004). “The judge and jurors then apparently recited the Pledge of Allegiance as it is codified in 4 U.S.C. § 4 : “I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for…”
Newdow v. Roberts, 603 F.3d 1002 (D.C. Cir. 2010). “§ 302 , the inclusion of "under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance, 4 U.S.C. § 4 , and the President's Thanksgiving Day Proclamations.”
Croft Ex Rel. v. Perry, 604 F. Supp. 2d 932 (N.D. Tex. 2009). “4 U.S.C. § 4 (emphasis added). As Defendant notes, the legislative history states that the inclusion of the words “under God” in the national pledge “reflects the traditional concept that our Nation was founded on a fundamental belief in God” and cites the Declaration of…”
Doe v. Acton-Boxborough Reg'l Sch. Dist., 468 Mass. 64 (2014). “” This language is codified at 4 U.S.C. § 4 (2012). 10 The pledge was first codified in 1942, but at that time it did not include the words “under God.”
An opinion was released in case 22-7117, Michelle Florio v. Gallaudet Univ., 119 F.4th 67 (D.C. Cir. 2024). “” 4 U.S.C. § 4 ; see Pub. L. No. 77-623, § 7 , 56 Stat.”
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