U.S. Code » Title 43 » Chapter CHAPTER 35— FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— LAND USE PLANNING AND LAND ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION

43 U.S.C. § 1714

Withdrawals of lands

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(a) Authorization and limitation; delegation of authority

On and after the effective date of this Act the Secretary is authorized to make, modify, extend, or revoke withdrawals but only in accordance with the provisions and limitations of this section. The Secretary may delegate this withdrawal authority only to individuals in the Office of the Secretary who have been appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(b) Application and procedures applicable subsequent to submission of application(1) Within thirty days of receipt of an application for withdrawal, and whenever he proposes a withdrawal on his own motion, the Secretary shall publish a notice in the Federal Register stating that the application has been submitted for filing or the proposal has been made and the extent to which the land is to be segregated while the application is being considered by the Secretary. Upon publication of such notice the land shall be segregated from the operation of the public land laws to the extent specified in the notice. The segregative effect of the application shall terminate upon (a) rejection of the application by the Secretary, (b) withdrawal of lands by the Secretary, or (c) the expiration of two years from the date of the notice.(2) The publication provisions of this subsection are not applicable to withdrawals under subsection (e) hereof.(c) Congressional approval procedures applicable to withdrawals aggregating five thousand acres or more(1) On and after October 21, 1976, a withdrawal aggregating five thousand acres or more may be made (or such a withdrawal or any other withdrawal involving in the aggregate five thousand acres or more which terminates after such date of approval may be extended) only for a period of not more than twenty years by the Secretary on his own motion or upon request by a department or agency head. The Secretary shall notify both Houses of Congress of such a withdrawal no later than its effective date and the withdrawal shall terminate and become ineffective at the end of ninety days (not counting days on which the Senate or the House of Representatives has adjourned for more than three consecutive days) beginning on the day notice of such withdrawal has been submitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives, if the Congress has adopted a concurrent resolution stating that such House does not approve the withdrawal. If the committee to which a resolution has been referred during the said ninety day period, has not reported it at the end of thirty calendar days after its referral, it shall be in order to either discharge the committee from further consideration of such resolution or to discharge the committee from consideration of any other resolution with respect to the Presidential recommendation. A motion to discharge may be made only by an individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly privileged (except that it may not be made after the committee has reported such a resolution), and debate thereon shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to. If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed to, the motion may not be made with respect to any other resolution with respect to the same Presidential recommendation. When the committee has reprinted, or has been discharged from further consideration of a resolution, it shall at any time thereafter be in order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.(2) With the notices required by subsection (c)(1) of this section and within three months after filing the notice under subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary shall furnish to the committees—(1) a clear explanation of the proposed use of the land involved which led to the withdrawal;(2) an inventory and evaluation of the current natural resource uses and values of the site and adjacent public and nonpublic land and how it appears they will be affected by the proposed use, including particularly aspects of use that might cause degradation of the environment, and also the economic impact of the change in use on individuals, local communities, and the Nation;(3) an identification of present users of the land involved, and how they will be affected by the proposed use;(4) an analysis of the manner in which existing and potential resource uses are incompatible with or in conflict with the proposed use, together with a statement of the provisions to be made for continuation or termination of existing uses, including an economic analysis of such continuation or termination;(5) an analysis of the manner in which such lands will be used in relation to the specific requirements for the proposed use;(6) a statement as to whether any suitable alternative sites are available (including cost estimates) for the proposed use or for uses such a withdrawal would displace;(7) a statement of the consultation which has been or will be had with other Federal departments and agencies, with regional, State, and local government bodies, and with other appropriate individuals and groups;(8) a statement indicating the effect of the proposed uses, if any, on State and local government interests and the regional economy;(9) a statement of the expected length of time needed for the withdrawal;(10) the time and place of hearings and of other public involvement concerning such withdrawal;(11) the place where the records on the withdrawal can be examined by interested parties; and(12) a report prepared by a qualified mining engineer, engineering geologist, or geologist which shall include but not be limited to information on: general geology, known mineral deposits, past and present mineral production, mining claims, mineral leases, evaluation of future mineral potential, present and potential market demands.(d) Withdrawals aggregating less than five thousand acres; procedure applicableA withdrawal aggregating less than five thousand acres may be made under this subsection by the Secretary on his own motion or upon request by a department or an agency head—(1) for such period of time as he deems desirable for a resource use; or(2) for a period of not more than twenty years for any other use, including but not limited to use for administrative sites, location of facilities, and other proprietary purposes; or(3) for a period of not more than five years to preserve such tract for a specific use then under consideration by the Congress.(e) Emergency withdrawals; procedure applicable; duration

When the Secretary determines, or when the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate notifies the Secretary, that an emergency situation exists and that extraordinary measures must be taken to preserve values that would otherwise be lost, the Secretary notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (c)(1) and (d) of this section, shall immediately make a withdrawal and file notice of such emergency withdrawal with both of those Committees. Such emergency withdrawal shall be effective when made but shall last only for a period not to exceed three years and may not be extended except under the provisions of subsection (c)(1) or (d), whichever is applicable, and (b)(1) of this section. The information required in subsection (c)(2) of this subsection 11 So in original. Probably should be “section”. shall be furnished the committees within three months after filing such notice.

(f) Review of existing withdrawals and extensions; procedure applicable to extensions; duration

All withdrawals and extensions thereof, whether made prior to or after October 21, 1976, having a specific period shall be reviewed by the Secretary toward the end of the withdrawal period and may be extended or further extended only upon compliance with the provisions of subsection (c)(1) or (d), whichever is applicable, and only if the Secretary determines that the purpose for which the withdrawal was first made requires the extension, and then only for a period no longer than the length of the original withdrawal period. The Secretary shall report on such review and extensions to the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.

(g) Processing and adjudication of existing applications

All applications for withdrawal pending on October 21, 1976 shall be processed and adjudicated to conclusion within fifteen years of October 21, 1976, in accordance with the provisions of this section. The segregative effect of any application not so processed shall terminate on that date.

(h) Public hearing required for new withdrawals

All new withdrawals made by the Secretary under this section (except an emergency withdrawal made under subsection (e) of this section) shall be promulgated after an opportunity for a public hearing.

(i) Consent for withdrawal of lands under administration of department or agency other than Department of the Interior

In the case of lands under the administration of any department or agency other than the Department of the Interior, the Secretary shall make, modify, and revoke withdrawals only with the consent of the head of the department or agency concerned, except when the provisions of subsection (e) of this section apply.

(j) Applicability of other Federal laws withdrawing lands as limiting authority

The Secretary shall not make, modify, or revoke any withdrawal created by Act of Congress; make a withdrawal which can be made only by Act of Congress; modify or revoke any withdrawal creating national monuments under chapter 3203 of title 54; or modify, or revoke any withdrawal which added lands to the National Wildlife Refuge System prior to October 21, 1976, or which thereafter adds lands to that System under the terms of this Act. Nothing in this Act is intended to modify or change any provision of the Act of February 27, 1976 (90 Stat. 199; 16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)).

(k) Authorization of appropriations for processing applications

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $10,000,000 for the purpose of processing withdrawal applications pending on the effective date of this Act, to be available until expended.

(l) Review of existing withdrawals in certain States; procedure applicable for determination of future status of lands; authorization of appropriations(1) The Secretary shall, within fifteen years of October 21, 1976, review withdrawals existing on October 21, 1976, in the States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming of (1) all Federal lands other than withdrawals of the public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and of lands which, on October 21, 1976, were part of Indian reservations and other Indian holdings, the National Forest System, the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, other lands administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service or the Secretary through the Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and the National System of Trails; and (2) all public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and of lands in the National Forest System (except those in wilderness areas, and those areas formally identified as primitive or natural areas or designated as national recreation areas) which closed the lands to appropriation under the Mining Law of 1872 (17 Stat. 91, as amended; 30 U.S.C. 22 et seq.) or to leasing under the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 437, as amended; 30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).(2) In the review required by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall determine whether, and for how long, the continuation of the existing withdrawal of the lands would be, in his judgment, consistent with the statutory objectives of the programs for which the lands were dedicated and of the other relevant programs. The Secretary shall report his recommendations to the President, together with statements of concurrence or nonconcurrence submitted by the heads of the departments or agencies which administer the lands. The President shall transmit this report to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, together with his recommendations for action by the Secretary, or for legislation. The Secretary may act to terminate withdrawals other than those made by Act of the Congress in accordance with the recommendations of the President unless before the end of ninety days (not counting days on which the Senate and the House of Representatives has adjourned for more than three consecutive days) beginning on the day the report of the President has been submitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives the Congress has adopted a concurrent resolution indicating otherwise. If the committee to which a resolution has been referred during the said ninety day period, has not reported it at the end of thirty calendar days after its referral, it shall be in order to either discharge the committee from further consideration of such resolution or to discharge the committee from consideration of any other resolution with respect to the Presidential recommendation. A motion to discharge may be made only by an individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly privileged (except that it may not be made after the committee has reported such a resolution), and debate thereon shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to. If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed to, the motion may not be made with respect to any other resolution with respect to the same Presidential recommendation. When the committee has reprinted, or has been discharged from further consideration of a resolution, it shall at any time thereafter be in order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.(3) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated not more than $10,000,000 for the purpose of paragraph (1) of this subsection to be available until expended to the Secretary and to the heads of other departments and agencies which will be involved.(Pub. L. 94–579, title II, § 204, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2751; Pub. L. 103–437, § 16(d)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 113–287, § 5(l)(7), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3271.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

On and after the effective date of this Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (k), probably means on and after the date of enactment of Pub. L. 94–579, which was approved Oct. 21, 1976.

Act of February 27, 1976 (90 Stat. 199; 16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)), referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 94–223, Feb. 27, 1976, 90 Stat. 199, which amended section 668dd of Title 16. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 94–579, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2743, known as the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Mining Law of 1872 (17 Stat. 91, as amended; 30 U.S.C. 22 et seq.), referred to in subsec. (l)(1), is act May 10, 1972, ch. 152, 17 Stat. 91. That act was incorporated into the Revised Statutes as R.S. §§ 2319 to 2328, 2331, 2333 to 2337, and 2344, which are classified to sections 22 to 24, 26 to 28, 29, 30, 33 to 35, 37, 39 to 42, and 47 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining. For complete classification of R.S. §§ 2319 to 2328, 2331, 2333 to 2337, and 2344 to the Code, see Tables.

The Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 437, as amended; 30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), referred to in subsec. (l)(1), is act Feb. 25, 1920, ch. 85, 41 Stat. 437, known as the Mineral Leasing Act, which is classified generally to chapter 3A (§ 181 et seq.) of Title 30. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 181 of Title 30 and Tables.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 113–287 substituted “chapter 3203 of title 54” for “the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225; 16 U.S.C. 431–433)”.

1994—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–437, § 16(d)(1)(A), substituted “Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate” for “Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of either the House of Representatives or the Senate” and “both of those Committees” for “the Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–437, § 16(d)(1)(B), substituted “Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate” for “Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Senate”.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 44 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1978–2026 · leading case: Nat'l Mining Ass'n v. Ryan Zinke, 877 F.3d 845 (9th Cir. 2017).
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Nat'l Mining Ass'n v. Ryan Zinke, 877 F.3d 845 (9th Cir. 2017). · cites it 22× “See Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (“FLPMA”) 3 § 204(c), 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (authorizing the Secretary to make, revoke, or modify such withdrawals subject to certain conditions).”
Mt Royal Jt. Vntr v. Kempthorne, Dirk, 477 F.3d 745 (D.C. Cir. 2007). · cites it 8× “43 U.S.C. § 1714 (d). A “resource use” is “a land use having as its primary objective the preservation, conservation, enhancement or development of’ any “natural resource .”
State of Alaska v. Carter, 462 F. Supp. 1155 (D. Alaska 1978). · cites it 7× “On November 16, 1978, after receiving a letter from the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs the previous day, 5 the Secretary of Interior determined that an emergency existed and exercised his power under section 204(e) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act,…”
Yount v. Salazar, 933 F. Supp. 2d 1215 (D. Ariz. 2013). · cites it 13× “” 2 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (c)(1). It further provides that “[t]he Secretary shall notify both houses of Congress of such a withdrawal no later than its effective date[,] and the withdrawal shall terminate and become ineffective at the end of ninety days .”
Boundary Backpackers v. Boundary Cnty., 913 P.2d 1141 (Idaho 1996). · cites it 4× “, 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (a), (d) (authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to make, modify, extend or revoke withdrawals of less than five thousand acres); 43 U.”
Pac. Legal Found. v. Watt, 529 F. Supp. 982 (D. Mont. 1982). · cites it 7× “See 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (h) (1976). Plaintiffs’ claim to this right is therefore rejected.”
Park Lake Resources Ltd. Liab. Co. v. United States Dep't of Agric., 378 F.3d 1132 (10th Cir. 2004). “The order was authorized by § 214 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, codified at 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (2000). See Public Land Order No.”
Mountain States Legal Found. v. Hodel, 668 F. Supp. 1466 (D. Wyo. 1987). · cites it 9× “WITHDRAWAL OF LANDS UNDER THE FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ACT 43 U.S.C. § 1714 The Foundation asserts that the defendants’ suspension of mineral leasing in the Bridger-Teton National Forest and their failure to act upon pending lease applications and offers in the…”
Mountain States Legal Found. v. Andrus, 499 F. Supp. 383 (D. Wyo. 1980). · cites it 3× “43 U.S.C. § 1714 (c)(1) of that Act specifies that before the date upon which public lands are withdrawn for the purpose of limiting activities in the area or for some other public purpose, the Secretary of the Interior must notify both Houses of Congress of such withdrawal and…”
State v. Watkins, 969 F.2d 1122 (D.C. Cir. 1992). · cites it 12× “” 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (a). A withdrawal exempts the covered land from the operation of public land laws.”
Sierra Club v. Us Env't Prot. Agency, & City of Phoenix, Intervention-Appellant, 995 F.2d 1478 (9th Cir. 1993). “Opponents of the withdrawal sued, claiming that the withdrawal violated the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, 43 U.S.C. § 1714 . The withdrawal was contrary to the purpose of the Desert Land Act and the Carey Act, facilitating reclamation and settlement of desert lands.”
Nat'l Wildlife Fed'n v. Robert F. Burford, Mountain States Legal Found. (Two Cases), 835 F.2d 305 (D.C. Cir. 1987). “See 43 U.S.C. § 1714 (h). Contrary to the Department’s position, there is nothing incongruous between this provision and the court’s reading of section 309(e).”
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