U.S. Code » Title 49 » Subtitle SUBTITLE III— GENERAL AND INTERMODAL PROGRAMS › Chapter CHAPTER 51— TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

49 U.S.C. § 5104

Representation and tampering

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(a)Representation.—A person may represent, by marking or otherwise, that—(1) a package, component of a package, or packaging for transporting hazardous material is safe, certified, or complies with this chapter only if the package, component of a package, or packaging meets the requirements of each applicable regulation prescribed under this chapter; or(2) hazardous material is present in a package, container, motor vehicle, rail freight car, aircraft, or vessel only if the material is present.(b)Tampering.—No person may alter, remove, destroy, or otherwise tamper unlawfully with—(1) a marking, label, placard, or description on a document required under this chapter or a regulation prescribed under this chapter; or(2) a package, component of a package, or packaging, container, motor vehicle, rail freight car, aircraft, or vessel used to transport hazardous material.(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 103–311, title I, § 117(b), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 103–429, § 6(4), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, § 7106, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1897.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Pub. L. 103–272

Revised

Section

Source (U.S. Code)

Source (Statutes at Large)

5104(a)

49 App.:1804(e).

Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, 88 Stat. 2156, § 105(e), (f); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615, § 5, 104 Stat. 3252.

5104(b)

49 App.:1804(f).

In subsection (a)(1), the words “the requirements of” and “applicable” are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the word “deface” is omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:5104(a)(1) to clarify the restatement of 49 App.:1804(e)(1) by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 761).

Editorial NotesAmendments

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, § 7106(a), substituted “a package, component of a package, or packaging for” for “a container, package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging) for” and “the package, component of a package, or packaging meets” for “the container, package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging) meets”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, § 7106(b)(1), substituted “No person may” for “A person may not” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, § 7106(b)(2), inserted “component of a package, or packaging,” after “package,”.

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–429 inserted “applicable” after “each”.

Pub. L. 103–311 substituted “, package, or packaging (or a component of a container, package, or packaging)” for “or package” in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 8 cases, 2002–2018 · leading case: BNSF Ry. Co. v. Cal. Dep't of Tax & Fee Admin., 904 F.3d 755 (9th Cir. 2018).
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BNSF Ry. Co. v. Cal. Dep't of Tax & Fee Admin., 904 F.3d 755 (9th Cir. 2018). · cites it 2× “As used in the HMTA, the "may" phrase affirmatively authorizes the performance of the specified act by a person or entity.”
United States v. Kenneth Shearer, 479 F.3d 478 (7th Cir. 2007). “§§ 842 (a)(1) and 844(a)(1) (Count 1); tampering with a marking, label, and placard required on display fireworks in violation of 49 U.S.C. §§ 5104 (b) and 5124 (Count 2); and knowingly receiving explosive materials in interstate commerce in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Robert Landmesser, 378 F.3d 308 (3rd Cir. 2004). “§ 9603 (b) and 49 U.S.C. § 5104 (b) — and contends that Landmesser’s conduct was "covered by” each of these statutes.”
United States v. Reid, 206 F. Supp. 2d 132 (D. Mass. 2002). “§ 33 (Destruction of motor vehicles); 49 U.S.C. § 5104 (b) (Removal, destruction of or interference with the transportation of hazardous materials); 18 U.”
United States v. Williams, 283 F. Supp. 2d 850 (E.D.N.Y 2003). “See 49 U.S.C. §§ 5104 (b), 5124. Subtitle VII provides criminal penalties for willful delivery of hazardous materials in air transportation and for recklessly causing the transportation in air commerce of hazardous materials.”
United States v. Shearer, 302 F. Supp. 2d 884 (N.D. Ind. 2003). “§§ 842 (a)(1), 844(a)(1), and 2, dealing in explosive materials without a license (Count 1); violations of 49 U.S.C. §§ 5104 (b), 5124, and 18 U.S.C.”
Bnsf Ry. Co. v. Cdtfa (9th Cir. 2018). · cites it 2× “, 49 U.S.C. § 5104 (a)(1) (“A person may represent .”
United States v. Shearer, Kenneth (7th Cir. 2007). “§§ 842 (a)(1) and 844(a)(1) (Count 1); tampering with a marking, label, and placard required on display fireworks in violation of 49 U.S.C. §§ 5104 (b) and 5124 (Count 2); and knowingly receiving explosive materials in interstate commerce in violation of 18 U.”
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