burden of establishing exception in Washington

39 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1912–2020 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Pottergreen wash · 2006 · cited in 12 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2006–2008 2 sentences 2008See State v. Potter, 156 Wn.2d 835, 840 , 132 P.3d 1089 (2006) (State bears the burden of establishing an exception to warrant requirement.). 2008State v. Potter, 156 Wn.2d 835, 840 , 132 P.3d 1089 (2006). ¶13 A warrantless search is constitutional when valid consent is granted.	2	12
State v. Afanagreen wash · 2010 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011 2 sentences 2011See State v. Afana, 169 Wn.2d 169, 177 , 233 P.3d 879 (2010) (the State always bears the burden of establishing an exception to the warrant requirement). 2011See State v. Afana, 169 Wash.2d 169, 177 , 233 P.3d 879 (2010) (the State always bears the burden of establishing an exception to the warrant requirement).	2	2
State v. Afanagreen wash · 2010 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011 2 sentences 2011See State v. Afana, 169 Wn.2d 169, 177 , 233 P.3d 879 (2010) (the State always bears the burden of establishing an exception to the warrant requirement). 2011See State v. Afana, 169 Wash.2d 169, 177 , 233 P.3d 879 (2010) (the State always bears the burden of establishing an exception to the warrant requirement).	2	2
State v. Pottergreen wash · 2006 · cited in 12 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2006–2008 2 sentences 2008See State v. Potter, 156 Wn.2d 835, 840 , 132 P.3d 1089 (2006) (State bears the burden of establishing an exception to warrant requirement.). 2008State v. Potter, 156 Wn.2d 835, 840 , 132 P.3d 1089 (2006). ¶13 A warrantless search is constitutional when valid consent is granted.	1	12
In re the Personal Restraint of Moigreen wash · 2015 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020 1 sentence 2020In re Personal Restraint of Moi, 184 Wn.2d at 579 (2015).	1	1
Interstate Commerce Commission v. Brimsongreen scotus · 1894 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1912–1912	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Ladson green wash · 1999 2 sentences 2015State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 349-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 1 Hankerson also challenges the delayed entry of the CrR 3.6 findings of fact and conclusions of law. 2013Ladson, 138 Wn.2d at 350 . ¶18 One exception is an investigative stop, including a traffic stop, that is based on a police officer’s reasonable suspicion of either criminal activity or a traffic infraction.	3	2013–2015
State v. Schultz green wash · 2011 2 sentences 2015Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 . 2015Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 .	3	2014–2015
State v. Hendrickson green wash · 1996 2 sentences 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754. 2007Id. at 71, 917 P.2d 563 .	3	2003–2014
State v. Guloy green wash · 1985 2 sentences 2008State v. Guloy, 104 Wn.2d 412, 425 , 705 P.2d 1182 (1985). ¶19 No decisions address the specific issue here; that is, was it harmless error for the trial court to impanel a jury before the Blakely-fix statute went into effect to determine aggravating circumstances that would extend Mr. Doney’s sentence? 2008State v. Guloy, 104 Wn.2d 412, 425 , 705 P.2d 1182 (1985). ¶19 No decisions address the specific issue here; that is, was it harmless error for the trial court to impanel a jury before the Blakely-fix statute went into effect to determine aggravating circumstances that would extend Mr. Doney’s sentence?	2	2008–2008
State v. Carneh green wash · 2004 2 sentences 2020RCW 10.77.030(2); State v. Carneh, 153 Wn.2d 274, 282 , 103 P.3d 743 (2004). 2020RCW 10.77.030(2); Carneh, 153 Wn.2d at 282 .	1	2020–2020
State v. Carneh green wash · 2004 1 sentence 2020RCW 10.77.030(2); State v. Carneh, 153 Wn.2d 274, 282 , 103 P.3d 743 (2004).	1	2020–2020
State v. Gallegos green washctapp · 1994 1 sentence 2019Gallegos, 73 Wn.	1	2019–2019
Tatham v. Rogers green washctapp · 2012 1 sentence 2019Tatham, 170 Wn.	1	2019–2019
State Of Washington v. Norman Granvel Rooney green washctapp · 2015 1 sentence 2018Id. at 658-59 .	1	2018–2018
Strickland v. Washington green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2017Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 , 104 S. Ct. 2052 , 80 L. 2017Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 , 104 S. Ct. 2052 , 80 L.	1	2017–2017
State v. Tyler green wash · 2013 2 sentences 2017Tyler, 177 Wn.2d at 698 . ¶17 Law enforcement may lawfully impound a vehicle for three reasons: (1) as evidence of a crime, (2) under the community caretaking function, or (3) when the driver has committed a “traffic offense for which the legislature has expressly authorized impoundment.” Id. ¶18 But even if one of these reasons exists, an officer may impound a vehicle only if there are no reasonable alternatives. 2017Tyler, 177 Wn.2d at 698 .	1	2017–2017
Robinson v. City of Seattle green wash · 1992 1 sentence 2016Robinson, 119 Wn.2d at 65-66 .	1	2016–2016
State v. W.R. green wash · 2014 1 sentence 2016In State v. W.R., 181 Wn.2d 757 (2014), the state Supreme Court overruled both State v. Camara and State v. Gregory.	1	2016–2016
Christianson v. Snohomish Health District green washctapp · 1996 1 sentence 2016Christianson v. Snohomish Health Dist., 82 Wn.	1	2016–2016
State v. Ladson green wash · 1999 1 sentence 2015State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 349-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 1 Hankerson also challenges the delayed entry of the CrR 3.6 findings of fact and conclusions of law.	1	2015–2015
State v. Thompson green wash · 2004 1 sentence 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Hendrickson green wash · 1996 1 sentence 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Bradley green wash · 1986 2 sentences 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754. 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Thompson green wash · 2004 2 sentences 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754. 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Young green · 1994 2 sentences 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754. 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Johnson green washctapp · 2001 1 sentence 2014App. 409, 415 , 16 P.3d 680 (2001) (quoting State v. Young, 123 Wn.2d 173, 185 , 867 P.2d 593 (1994)). 8 State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 72 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996) (quoting State v. Bradley, 105 Wn.2d 898, 902 , 719 P.2d 546 (1986)). 9 Schultz, 170 Wn.2d at 754 (quoting State v. Thompson, 151 Wn.2d 793, 802 , 92 P.3d 228 (2004)). 10 Id, (quoting Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 ). 11 Thompson, 151 Wn.2d at 802 . 12 Schultz, 170Wn.2dat754.	1	2014–2014
State v. Johnson green washctapp · 2001 1 sentence 2014No. 70262-9-1/5 private place' and 'receives heightened constitutional protection.'"7 Subject to "'jealously and carefully drawn'" exceptions, a warrantless search is unreasonable.8 The emergency aid exception to the warrant requirement "'allows for the limited invasion of constitutionally protected privacy rights when it is necessary for police officers to render aid or assistance.'"9 "This exception emerges from the police's 'community caretaking function' "10 It is "divorced" from a criminal investigation.11 The State bears the burden of establishing an exception to the warrant requirement.	1	2014–2014
State v. Bakke green washctapp · 1986 1 sentence 2013State v. Bakke. 44 Wn.	1	2013–2013
State v. Ashue green washctapp · 2008 1 sentence 2012Cf. State v. Ashue, 145 Wn.	1	2012–2012
State v. Alvarez green wash · 1995 1 sentence 2008Cf. State v. Alvarez, 128 Wn.2d 1 , 904 P.2d 754 (1995) (remanding for revision of written findings of fact and conclusions of law based on evidence already heard where findings did not meet requirements of court rule requiring findings to state ultimate facts); State v. Souza, 60 Wn.	1	2008–2008
State v. Alvarez green wash · 1995	1	2008–2008
State v. Souza green washctapp · 1991	1	2008–2008
State v. Earls green wash · 1991	1	2000–2000
Askey v. New York Life Insurance neutral wash · 1918	1	1932–1932
M'culloch v. State of Maryland green · 1819	1	1912–1912

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 2.06.040 (8) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 69.50.401 (5)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 195 (1918–2026) TX 93 (1906–2026) MT 83 (1998–2025) IL 81 (1904–2026) NY 80 (1888–2025) PA 54 (1924–2024) OH 53 (1977–2026) LA 42 (1933–2024) MI 41 (1934–2022) CO 39 (1975–2026) WA 39 (1912–2020) GA 35 (1923–2023) NJ 30 (1939–2026) AZ 28 (1971–2025) ID 24 (1924–2024) IN 24 (1913–2025) CT 21 (1912–2021) NM 20 (1969–2025) IA 20 (1879–2023) MN 20 (1904–2025) MO 18 (1891–2021) SC 17 (1962–2026) OR 15 (1984–2025) MS 15 (1962–2017) VA 15 (1944–2022) WV 15 (1962–2026) KS 14 (1898–2026) TN 13 (1996–2025) MD 13 (1916–2026) FL 12 (1962–2024) AL 10 (1980–2005) ND 9 (1927–2024) AR 8 (1988–2012) NC 7 (1957–2020) WY 7 (1981–2026) MA 7 (1980–2012) WI 7 (2001–2026) SD 6 (1963–2015) HI 5 (1980–2023) DE 5 (1970–2025) VT 5 (1946–1982) OK 4 (1950–1976) NV 4 (1973–2018) KY 4 (1923–2016) NE 3 (1987–2004) AK 3 (1978–1994) UT 2 (1941–2017) DC 2 (1972–2001) NH 2 (1982–1983)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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