Allen motion (Georgia) · Go Syfert
← Georgia issues

Allen motion in Georgia

28 Georgia opinions name it 2 courts 1986–2025 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Georgia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (26)

CaseFollowedCited
Johnson v. Stategreen
ga · 2004 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Should any judge violate this Code section, the violation shall be held by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals to be error and the decision in the case reversed, and a new trial granted in the court below with such directions as the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals may lawfully give. 7 Contrary to Allen’s contention in this Court, the record reveals no partiality of the sort that constituted error in Johnson v. State, 278 Ga. 344, 346-347 (2) ( 602 SE2d 623 ) (2004). 8 At the time of Allen’s objection, the witness had already answered several questions on the subject of blood pattern analys

2015Should any judge violate this Code section, the violation shall be held by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals to be error and the decision in the case reversed, and a new trial granted in the court below with such directions as the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals may lawfully give. 7 Contrary to Allen’s contention in this Court, the record reveals no partiality of the sort that constituted error in Johnson v. State, 278 Ga. 344, 346-347 (2) ( 602 SE2d 623 ) (2004). 8 At the time of Allen’s objection, the witness had already answered several questions on the subject of blood pattern analys

22
Williams v. Stategreen
ga · 2005 · cited in 2 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015The trial court permitted a crime scene investigator to testify as to his analysis of blood patterns, over Allen’s objection that the witness was not sufficiently qualified to do so. 8 “To qualify as an expert. . . generally all that is required is that a person must have been educated in a particular skill or profession; his special knowledge may be derived from experience as well as study. [Cits.] Formal education in the subject at hand is not a prerequisite for expert status.” [Cit.] The trial court has broad discretion in accepting or rejecting the qualifications of the expert, and its jud

2015The trial court permitted a crime scene investigator to testify as to his analysis of blood patterns, over Allen’s objection that the witness was not sufficiently qualified to do so. 8 “To qualify as an expert. . . generally all that is required is that a person must have been educated in a particular skill or profession; his special knowledge may be derived from experience as well as study. [Cits.] Formal education in the subject at hand is not a prerequisite for expert status.” [Cit.] The trial court has broad discretion in accepting or rejecting the qualifications of the expert, and its jud

22
Soto v. Stategreen
ga · 2018 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See, e.g., Mays v. State, 88 Ga. 399, 403 ( 14 SE 560 ) (1891) (describing when voluntary manslaughter is authorized); see also Soto v. State, 303 Ga. 517, 519 (1) ( 813 SE2d 343 ) (2018) (“Although sexual jealousy can be provocation sufficient to warrant a conviction for manslaughter even where the defendant and the victim are not married, it is for the jury to determine whether the actions alleged to have provoked the defendant actually occurred and whether these actions were sufficient provocation to excite the deadly passion of a reasonable person.” (citation omitted)).

2024See, e.g., Mays v. State, 88 Ga. 399, 403 ( 14 SE 560 ) (1891) (describing when voluntary manslaughter is authorized); see also Soto v. State, 303 Ga. 517, 519 (1) ( 813 SE2d 343 ) (2018) (“Although sexual jealousy can be provocation sufficient to warrant a conviction for manslaughter even where the defendant and the victim are not married, it is for the jury to determine whether the actions alleged to have provoked the defendant actually occurred and whether these actions were sufficient provocation to excite the deadly passion of a reasonable person.” (citation omitted)).

11
Mays v. Stategreen
ga · 1891 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See, e.g., Mays v. State, 88 Ga. 399, 403 ( 14 SE 560 ) (1891) (describing when voluntary manslaughter is authorized); see also Soto v. State, 303 Ga. 517, 519 (1) ( 813 SE2d 343 ) (2018) (“Although sexual jealousy can be provocation sufficient to warrant a conviction for manslaughter even where the defendant and the victim are not married, it is for the jury to determine whether the actions alleged to have provoked the defendant actually occurred and whether these actions were sufficient provocation to excite the deadly passion of a reasonable person.” (citation omitted)).

2024See, e.g., Mays v. State, 88 Ga. 399, 403 ( 14 SE 560 ) (1891) (describing when voluntary manslaughter is authorized); see also Soto v. State, 303 Ga. 517, 519 (1) ( 813 SE2d 343 ) (2018) (“Although sexual jealousy can be provocation sufficient to warrant a conviction for manslaughter even where the defendant and the victim are not married, it is for the jury to determine whether the actions alleged to have provoked the defendant actually occurred and whether these actions were sufficient provocation to excite the deadly passion of a reasonable person.” (citation omitted)).

11
Strickland v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 ( 104 SCt 2052 , 80 LE2d 674) (1984).

2023See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 ( 104 SCt 2052 , 80 LE2d 674) (1984).

11
Davis v. Stategreen
ga · 2002 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Davis v. State, 274 Ga. 865, 866 ( 561 SE2d 119 ) (2002).

2023See Davis v. State, 274 Ga. 865, 866 ( 561 SE2d 119 ) (2002).

11
Manning v. Stategreen
ga · 2018 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Carter v. State, 310 Ga. 559, 561-562 (1) (b) ( 852 SE2d 542 ) (2020) (sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant was the initial aggressor in the confrontation and thereby reject his justification defense, as he entered a grocery store parking lot at 1:00 a.m. and ran toward the victim with his gun drawn and a t-shirt wrapped around his face, shouting “Don’t move”); Manning v. State, 303 Ga. 723, 724 (1) ( 814 SE2d 730 ) (2018) (jury authorized to reject self-defense claim, where evidence showed that Appellant made threatening remarks to the victim just before shooting hi

2023See Carter v. State, 310 Ga. 559, 561-562 (1) (b) ( 852 SE2d 542 ) (2020) (sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant was the initial aggressor in the confrontation and thereby reject his justification defense, as he entered a grocery store parking lot at 1:00 a.m. and ran toward the victim with his gun drawn and a t-shirt wrapped around his face, shouting “Don’t move”); Manning v. State, 303 Ga. 723, 724 (1) ( 814 SE2d 730 ) (2018) (jury authorized to reject self-defense claim, where evidence showed that Appellant made threatening remarks to the victim just before shooting hi

11
Elkins v. Stategreen
ga · 2019 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Elkins v. State, 306 Ga. 351, 361 (4) (a) ( 830 SE2d 217 ) (2019) (when the appellant is represented by new counsel at the motion-for-new-trial stage, an ineffectiveness claim must be raised in a motion for new trial or at the motion-for-new-trial hearing or else it is waived); Anthony v. State, 302 Ga. 546, 553 (IV) ( 807 SE2d 891 ) (2017) (specific bases of ineffective assistance of counsel not raised at the earliest practicable moment are procedurally barred on appeal). 4.

2023See Elkins v. State, 306 Ga. 351, 361 (4) (a) ( 830 SE2d 217 ) (2019) (when the appellant is represented by new counsel at the motion-for-new-trial stage, an ineffectiveness claim must be raised in a motion for new trial or at the motion-for-new-trial hearing or else it is waived); Anthony v. State, 302 Ga. 546, 553 (IV) ( 807 SE2d 891 ) (2017) (specific bases of ineffective assistance of counsel not raised at the earliest practicable moment are procedurally barred on appeal). 4.

11
Anthony v. Stategreen
ga · 2017 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Elkins v. State, 306 Ga. 351, 361 (4) (a) ( 830 SE2d 217 ) (2019) (when the appellant is represented by new counsel at the motion-for-new-trial stage, an ineffectiveness claim must be raised in a motion for new trial or at the motion-for-new-trial hearing or else it is waived); Anthony v. State, 302 Ga. 546, 553 (IV) ( 807 SE2d 891 ) (2017) (specific bases of ineffective assistance of counsel not raised at the earliest practicable moment are procedurally barred on appeal). 4.

2023See Elkins v. State, 306 Ga. 351, 361 (4) (a) ( 830 SE2d 217 ) (2019) (when the appellant is represented by new counsel at the motion-for-new-trial stage, an ineffectiveness claim must be raised in a motion for new trial or at the motion-for-new-trial hearing or else it is waived); Anthony v. State, 302 Ga. 546, 553 (IV) ( 807 SE2d 891 ) (2017) (specific bases of ineffective assistance of counsel not raised at the earliest practicable moment are procedurally barred on appeal). 4.

11
Carter v. Stategreen
ga · 2020 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Carter v. State, 310 Ga. 559, 561-562 (1) (b) ( 852 SE2d 542 ) (2020) (sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant was the initial aggressor in the confrontation and thereby reject his justification defense, as he entered a grocery store parking lot at 1:00 a.m. and ran toward the victim with his gun drawn and a t-shirt wrapped around his face, shouting “Don’t move”); Manning v. State, 303 Ga. 723, 724 (1) ( 814 SE2d 730 ) (2018) (jury authorized to reject self-defense claim, where evidence showed that Appellant made threatening remarks to the victim just before shooting hi

2023See Carter v. State, 310 Ga. 559, 561-562 (1) (b) ( 852 SE2d 542 ) (2020) (sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that Appellant was the initial aggressor in the confrontation and thereby reject his justification defense, as he entered a grocery store parking lot at 1:00 a.m. and ran toward the victim with his gun drawn and a t-shirt wrapped around his face, shouting “Don’t move”); Manning v. State, 303 Ga. 723, 724 (1) ( 814 SE2d 730 ) (2018) (jury authorized to reject self-defense claim, where evidence showed that Appellant made threatening remarks to the victim just before shooting hi

11
Payne v. Stategreen
ga · 2022 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (104 SCt 2052, 80 LE2d 674) (1984). ”“If [a defendant] fails to establish one of these two prongs, we need not examine the other.” Payne v. State, 314 Ga. 322, 328 (3) (877 SE2d 202) (2022) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2023See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (104 SCt 2052, 80 LE2d 674) (1984). ”“If [a defendant] fails to establish one of these two prongs, we need not examine the other.” Payne v. State, 314 Ga. 322, 328 (3) (877 SE2d 202) (2022) (citation and punctuation omitted).

11
Reese v. Stategreen
gactapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022“On appeal from a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, with the defendant no longer enjoying a presumption of innocence.” (Citation omitted.) Reese v. State, 270 Ga. App. 522, 523 ( 607 SE2d 165 ) (2004).

2022“On appeal from a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, with the defendant no longer enjoying a presumption of innocence.” (Citation omitted.) Reese v. State, 270 Ga. App. 522, 523 ( 607 SE2d 165 ) (2004).

11
Scott v. Stategreen
ga · 2012 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Scott v. State, 290 Ga. 883, 888 (6) ( 725 SE2d 305 ) (2012).

2021Scott v. State, 290 Ga. 883, 888 (6) ( 725 SE2d 305 ) (2012).

11
Denson v. Stategreen
ga · 2019 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020To establish plain error, Allen “must point to an error that was not affirmatively waived, the error must have been clear and not open to reasonable dispute, the error must have affected his substantial rights, and the error must have seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Denson v. State, 307 Ga. 545, 547-548 (2) ( 837 SE2d 261 ) (2019) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2020To establish plain error, Allen “must point to an error that was not affirmatively waived, the error must have been clear and not open to reasonable dispute, the error must have affected his substantial rights, and the error must have seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Denson v. State, 307 Ga. 545, 547-548 (2) ( 837 SE2d 261 ) (2019) (citation and punctuation omitted).

11
Hughes v. Stategreen
ga · 2015 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Accordingly, the stop was constitutional, and Scott and Allen’s motion to suppress should have been denied. 1. (a) When reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress, “an appellate court must construe the evidentiary record in the light most favorable to the factual findings and judgment of the trial court.” Hughes v. State, 296 Ga. 744, 746 ( 770 SE2d 636 ) (2015).

2015Accordingly, the stop was constitutional, and Scott and Allen’s motion to suppress should have been denied. 1. (a) When reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress, “an appellate court must construe the evidentiary record in the light most favorable to the factual findings and judgment of the trial court.” Hughes v. State, 296 Ga. 744, 746 ( 770 SE2d 636 ) (2015).

11
Jackson v. Stategreen
ga · 2009 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012Trial counsel explained that the test result was not “overriding,” because he found the victim’s videotaped interview credible and persuasive, and Allen faced a harsher sentence than the one negotiated, which was a “pretty big downside.” Further, Allen did not testify at the motion for new trial 11 (Punctuation omitted.) Jackson v. State, 285 Ga. 840, 841 (2) ( 684 SE2d 594 ) (2009). 6 hearing showing how he would have opted not to plead guilty but for the chlamydia test results.

2012Trial counsel explained that the test result was not “overriding,” because he found the victim’s videotaped interview credible and persuasive, and Allen faced a harsher sentence than the one negotiated, which was a “pretty big downside.” Further, Allen did not testify at the motion for new trial 11 (Punctuation omitted.) Jackson v. State, 285 Ga. 840, 841 (2) ( 684 SE2d 594 ) (2009). 6 hearing showing how he would have opted not to plead guilty but for the chlamydia test results.

11
Eason v. Marine Terminals Corp.green
gactapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011Generally, there are four elements in a cause of action for defamation: “(1) a false and defamatory statement concerning the plaintiff; (2) an unprivileged communication to a third party; (3) fault by the defendant amounting at least to negligence; and (4) special harm or the actionability of the statement irrespective of special harm.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Eason v. Marine Terminals Corp., 309 Ga. App. 669, 672 (1) (b) ( 710 SE2d 867 ) (2011).

2011Generally, there are four elements in a cause of action for defamation: “(1) a false and defamatory statement concerning the plaintiff; (2) an unprivileged communication to a third party; (3) fault by the defendant amounting at least to negligence; and (4) special harm or the actionability of the statement irrespective of special harm.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Eason v. Marine Terminals Corp., 309 Ga. App. 669, 672 (1) (b) ( 710 SE2d 867 ) (2011).

11
Mayfield v. Stategreen
ga · 2003 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Burchette v. State, 278 Ga. 1, 2 ( 596 SE2d 162 ) (2004); Mayfield v. State, 276 Ga. 324, 330 (2) (b) ( 578 SE2d 438 ) (2003). *880 Decided January 8, 2008.

2008See Burchette v. State, 278 Ga. 1, 2 ( 596 SE2d 162 ) (2004); Mayfield v. State, 276 Ga. 324, 330 (2) (b) ( 578 SE2d 438 ) (2003). *880 Decided January 8, 2008.

11
Burchette v. Stategreen
ga · 2004 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Burchette v. State, 278 Ga. 1, 2 ( 596 SE2d 162 ) (2004); Mayfield v. State, 276 Ga. 324, 330 (2) (b) ( 578 SE2d 438 ) (2003). *880 Decided January 8, 2008.

2008See Burchette v. State, 278 Ga. 1, 2 ( 596 SE2d 162 ) (2004); Mayfield v. State, 276 Ga. 324, 330 (2) (b) ( 578 SE2d 438 ) (2003). *880 Decided January 8, 2008.

11
Lowery v. Stategreen
ga · 2007 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Lowery v. State, 282 Ga. 68, 71 (4) (a) ( 646 SE2d 67 ) (2007).

2008Lowery v. State, 282 Ga. 68, 71 (4) (a) ( 646 SE2d 67 ) (2007).

11
Chandler v. Stategreen
ga · 1996 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006The trial court’s allegedly erroneous action occurred when it previously rejected Allen’s defense of his peremptory strike as non-r acial, and the merits of his objection to that action on the part of the trial court were preserved for appeal. (b) In McCollum , the Supreme Court of the United States held that the equal protection clause prohibits a criminal defendant from engaging in purposeful discrimination on the basis of race in the exercise of peremptory challenges. [Cit.] To evaluate claims that the . . . defendant used peremptory challenges in a racially discriminatory manner, the trial

2006The trial court’s allegedly erroneous action occurred when it previously rejected Allen’s defense of his peremptory strike as non-r acial, and the merits of his objection to that action on the part of the trial court were preserved for appeal. (b) In McCollum , the Supreme Court of the United States held that the equal protection clause prohibits a criminal defendant from engaging in purposeful discrimination on the basis of race in the exercise of peremptory challenges. [Cit.] To evaluate claims that the . . . defendant used peremptory challenges in a racially discriminatory manner, the trial

11
Neil v. Biggersgreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
1 sentence

2004Convictions based on a pretrial identification by photograph and a subsequent identification at trial will be set aside only if “the photographic identification procedure was so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.” Neil v. Biggers, 409 U. S. 188, 196 (93 SC 375, 34 LE2d 401) (1972).

11
Butler v. McCleskeygreen
gactapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995When the evidence is construed in favor of Hickman as respondent to Allen’s motion for directed verdict (OCGA § 9-11-50; Butler v. McCleskey, 208 Ga. App. 341, 343 ( 430 SE2d 631 ); Lawson v. Athens Auto Supply &c., 200 Ga. App. 609 (5) ( 409 SE2d 60 )), there is ample evidence that Allen could reasonably have foreseen this occurrence.

1995When the evidence is construed in favor of Hickman as respondent to Allen’s motion for directed verdict (OCGA § 9-11-50; Butler v. McCleskey, 208 Ga. App. 341, 343 ( 430 SE2d 631 ); Lawson v. Athens Auto Supply &c., 200 Ga. App. 609 (5) ( 409 SE2d 60 )), there is ample evidence that Allen could reasonably have foreseen this occurrence.

11
Kilpatrick v. Stategreen
ga · 1986 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Sanders v. Stategreen
ga · 1987 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Earnest v. Merckgreen
gactapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Georgia opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Georgia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Shekhawat v. Jones green
ga · 2013
2 sentences

2014In Shekhawat v. Jones, 293 Ga. 468 ( 746 SE2d 89 ) (2013), the Supreme Court of Georgia held that Shekhawat and Mathews were entitled to official immunity, and accordingly reversed our judgment.

2014In Shekhawat v. Jones, 293 Ga. 468 ( 746 SE2d 89 ) (2013), the Supreme Court of Georgia held that Shekhawat and Mathews were entitled to official immunity, and accordingly reversed our judgment.

22014–2014
Sandy Anne Hall v. City of Blakely green
gactapp · 2021
2 sentences

2025Under OCGA § 36-33-5 (b), a person seeking to assert a claim for personal injuries or property damage against a municipal corporation must, within six months of the event on which the claim is based, “present the claim in writing to the governing authority of the municipal corporation 3 The trial court later granted Allen’s motion to set aside the dismissal as to his claims and reinstated those claims, which appear to remain pending before the trial court. 3 for adjustment, stating the time, place, and extent of the injury, as nearly as practicable, and the negligence which caused the injury.”

2025Under OCGA § 36-33-5 (b), a person seeking to assert a claim for personal injuries or property damage against a municipal corporation must, within six months of the event on which the claim is based, “present the claim in writing to the governing authority of the municipal corporation 3 The trial court later granted Allen’s motion to set aside the dismissal as to his claims and reinstated those claims, which appear to remain pending before the trial court. 3 for adjustment, stating the time, place, and extent of the injury, as nearly as practicable, and the negligence which caused the injury.”

12025–2025
City of Atlanta v. Mlk Properties, LLC green
gactapp · 2024
2 sentences

2025“The ante litem notice statute, however, is in derogation of the common law, which did not require such ante litem notice; therefore it must be strictly construed and not extended beyond its plain and explicit terms.” City of Atlanta v. MLK Properties, 372 Ga. App. 210 , 212 (1) ( 904 SE2d 79 ) (2024) (citation and punctuation omitted).

2025“The ante litem notice statute, however, is in derogation of the common law, which did not require such ante litem notice; therefore it must be strictly construed and not extended beyond its plain and explicit terms.” City of Atlanta v. MLK Properties, 372 Ga. App. 210 , 212 (1) ( 904 SE2d 79 ) (2024) (citation and punctuation omitted).

12025–2025
Lord v. State green
gactapp · 2003
2 sentences

2018As an initial matter, "[d]ecisions as to which witnesses to call are matters of trial strategy and tactics that usually do not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel." (Citation omitted.) Lord v. State , 259 Ga. App. 449 , 451 (2), 577 S.E.2d 103 (2003).

2018As an initial matter, "[d]ecisions as to which witnesses to call are matters of trial strategy and tactics that usually do not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel." (Citation omitted.) Lord v. State , 259 Ga. App. 449 , 451 (2), 577 S.E.2d 103 (2003).

12018–2018
Jordan v. Cook green
ga · 2003
2 sentences

2006In further support of its ruling, the trial court relied on Jordan v. Cook, 277 Ga. 155 ( 587 SE2d 52 ) (2003).

2006In further support of its ruling, the trial court relied on Jordan v. Cook, 277 Ga. 155 ( 587 SE2d 52 ) (2003).

12006–2006
Brannen v. State green
ga · 2001
1 sentence

2004Brannen v. State, supra, 274 Ga. at 458 .

12004–2004
Howard v. State green
gactapp · 1992
2 sentences

1997Howard v. State, 206 Ga. App. 610 (1) ( 426 SE2d 181 ) (1992).

1997Howard v. State, 206 Ga. App. 610 (1) ( 426 SE2d 181 ) (1992).

11997–1997
Lawson v. Athens Auto Supply & Electric, Inc. green
gactapp · 1991
11995–1995
Echols v. State green
ga · 1974
11994–1994
Jenkins v. Judith Sans Internationale, Inc. green
gactapp · 1985
11989–1989
Jackson v. Virginia red
scotus · 1979
11986–1986

Statutes the citing opinions construe

GA § 16-3-2 (3) GA § 16-3-21 (3) GA § 24-4-404 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 54 (1966–2026) WA 45 (1983–2026) UT 39 (1990–2026) CA 38 (1936–2025) KS 30 (1966–2026) GA 28 (1986–2025) TN 24 (2000–2026) CO 22 (1992–2025) FL 21 (1985–2025) IN 20 (1981–2020) OH 19 (1975–2025) MD 18 (1977–2021) NY 17 (1989–2022) NC 16 (2002–2026) PA 16 (1974–2022) AZ 13 (1996–2021) WI 12 (1975–2026) OK 12 (1983–2021) MO 11 (1996–2025) MS 10 (1992–2025) IL 10 (1966–2022) AL 9 (1958–2010) ID 9 (1987–2022) IA 9 (2001–2026) DE 9 (1974–2025) NV 8 (1980–2021) MT 8 (1998–2014) VA 8 (1981–2026) MI 8 (1970–2025) HI 7 (1982–2026) DC 7 (1985–2018) LA 6 (1983–2002) CT 5 (1993–2015) NE 4 (2006–2022) AR 3 (1995–2025) MA 3 (1979–2025) NH 3 (2002–2010) OR 3 (1990–2007) NJ 3 (1997–2026) WY 3 (1971–2023) KY 2 (1967–2007) ME 2 (1990–2006) WV 2 (1982–2010)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check