Crawford analysis (Washington) · Go Syfert
← Washington issues

Crawford analysis in Washington

22 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1999–2012 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
Michigan v. Bryantgreen
scotus · 2011 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012But he then acknowledged, "It can be said, of course, that under Crawford analysis of whether a statement is testimonial requires consideration of all the circumstances, and so is also something of a multifactor balancing test.'" Bryant, 131 S.Ct. at 1176 (Scalia, J., dissenting). ¶ 30 We write out of concern that the Crawford test is, at a minimum, "something of a multifactor balancing test" and, at most, an "`amorphous, if not entirely subjective'" test when applied to autopsy reports and derivative forensic reports offered as evidence in criminal trials.

2012But he then acknowledged, "It can be said, of course, that under Crawford analysis of whether a statement is testimonial requires consideration of all the circumstances, and so is also something of a multifactor balancing test.'" Bryant, 131 S.Ct. at 1176 (Scalia, J., dissenting). ¶ 30 We write out of concern that the Crawford test is, at a minimum, "something of a multifactor balancing test" and, at most, an "`amorphous, if not entirely subjective'" test when applied to autopsy reports and derivative forensic reports offered as evidence in criminal trials.

22
Kimmelman v. Morrisongreen
scotus · 1986 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 375 , 106 S. Ct. 2574 , 91 L.

2009See Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 375 , 106 S. Ct. 2574 , 91 L.

22
In Re Markelgreen
wash · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Id. at 273, ¶ 18.

2007Id. at 273, ¶ 18.

22
United States v. Summersgreen
ca10 · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
UNITED STATES v. JOSÉ RODRIGUEZ-MARRERO, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. OMAR F. GENAO-SANCHEZ, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. LUIS ROLDAN-CORTESgreen
ca1 · 2004 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
United States v. Douglas Merrill Nielsengreen
ca9 · 2004 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
United States v. Stanley Gilbertgreen
ca7 · 2004 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
United States v. Jermaine Savoiresgreen
ca6 · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
United States v. Thomas Hinton AKA James Kirkland Thomas Hintongreen
ca3 · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
John Middleton v. Don Roper, 1green
ca8 · 2006 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
Guidry v. Dretkegreen
ca5 · 2005 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22
Crawford v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 6 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2012
2 sentences

2012See 541 U.S. at 52 ; see also People v. Dendel, 289 Mich. App. 445, 458-68 , 797 N.W.2d 645 (2010) (discussing numerous confrontation clause cases involving forensic reports and holding that statements in analyst’s report of glucose tests requested by medical examiner were testimonial); Cuesta-Rodriguez v. State, 2010 OK CR 23, ¶ 28-35 , 241 P.3d 214 , cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 259 (2011) (discussing numerous cases and holding statements in autopsy report were testimonial). ¶38 Under Crawford’s analysis, our legal inquiry begins to resemble the old-fashioned game of “telephone,” as we must atte

2005Id. at 60 n.9. ¶23 The primary issue in the present case is whether McCottry’s 911 call constitutes a “testimonial” statement under the Crawford analysis.

16
UNITED STATES v. McCLAINgreen
ohioctapp · 2004 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

12
People v. Dendelgreen
michctapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
State v. Kronichgreen
wash · 2007 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012We adhered to our reasoning in Kirkpatrick and held “such a record is not testimonial for purposes of the Crawford analysis.” Id. at 902.

2012We adhered to our reasoning in Kirkpatrick and held “such a record is not testimonial for purposes of the Crawford analysis.” Id. at 902.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (26)

CaseCitedYears
Schriro v. Summerlin green
scotus · 2004
2 sentences

2007Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348 , 124 S.Ct. 2519 , 159 L.Ed.2d 442 (2004) (new rule that juries, not judges, must find aggravating factors that enhance a sentence does not apply retroactively because it is not a watershed rule); Sawyer v. Smith, 497 U.S. 227, 241-42 , 110 S.Ct. 2822 , 111 L.Ed.2d 193 (1990) (new rule that prosecutor may not inform jury a death penalty recommendation is merely advisory does not apply retroactively because it is not a watershed rule); Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314 , 107 S.Ct. 708 , 93 L.Ed.2d 649 (1987) (a new constitutional rule applies to all cases pen

2007Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348 , 124 S.Ct. 2519 , 159 L.Ed.2d 442 (2004) (new rule that juries, not judges, must find aggravating factors that enhance a sentence does not apply retroactively because it is not a watershed rule); Sawyer v. Smith, 497 U.S. 227, 241-42 , 110 S.Ct. 2822 , 111 L.Ed.2d 193 (1990) (new rule that prosecutor may not inform jury a death penalty recommendation is merely advisory does not apply retroactively because it is not a watershed rule); Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314 , 107 S.Ct. 708 , 93 L.Ed.2d 649 (1987) (a new constitutional rule applies to all cases pen

22007–2012
State v. Crawford green
wash · 2006
2 sentences

2009Crawford, 159 Wn.2d at 92 . ¶ 7 Crawford appealed, contending that due process required the State to provide pretrial notice that he faced a mandatory life sentence and that he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his trial counsel failed to examine his out-of-state conviction and advise him that, if convicted, he faced a life sentence.

2009Crawford, 159 Wash.2d at 92 , 147 P.3d 1288 . ¶ 7 Crawford appealed, contending that due process required the State to provide pretrial notice that he faced a mandatory life sentence and that he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his trial counsel failed to examine his out-of-state conviction and advise him that, if convicted, he faced a life sentence.

22009–2009
Whorton v. Bockting green
scotus · 2007
2 sentences

2007Whorton, 127 S. Ct. at 1183 . ¶9 Although the Supreme Court recently held that Crawford does not apply retroactively, whether a violation of the right of confrontation requires automatic reversal presents a distinct issue.

2007Whorton, 127 S. Ct. at 1183 . ¶9 Although the Supreme Court recently held that Crawford does not apply retroactively, whether a violation of the right of confrontation requires automatic reversal presents a distinct issue.

22007–2007
State v. Rohrich green
wash · 1997
2 sentences

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

22007–2007
Bishop v. Miche green
wash · 1999
2 sentences

2007Bishop v. Miche, 137 Wn.2d 518, 523 , 973 P.2d 465 (1999). ¶28 We note at the outset that if on remand the trial court finds M.H. competent to testify at Hopkins’ retrial, the Crawford issue would be moot.

2007Bishop v. Miche, 137 Wash.2d 518, 523 , 973 P.2d 465 (1999). ¶ 28 We note at the outset that if on remand the trial court finds MH competent to testify at Hopkins' retrial, the Crawford issue would be moot.

22007–2007
State v. Price green
wash · 2006
2 sentences

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

22007–2007
State v. Price green
wash · 2006
2 sentences

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

2007“Significantly, prior statements must be excluded under the Crawford rule only if a witness is unavailable at trial for purposes of the confrontation clause.” State v. Price, 158 Wn.2d 630, 639 , 146 P.3d 1183 (2006). ¶16 In Rohrich , the State did not question the child witness about the alleged acts, thereby preventing the defendant from cross-examining her. 132 Wn.2d at 474 .

22007–2007
cluster 795530 green
ca4 · 2006
2 sentences

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

2007See, e.g., United States v. Rodriguez-Marrero, 390 F.3d 1, 18 (1st Cir. 2004); United States v. McClain, 377 F.3d 219, 222 (2d Cir. 2004); United States v. Hinton, 423 F.3d 355, 362 (3d Cir. 2005); United States v. Khan, 461 F.3d 477 (4th Cir. 2006); Guidry v. Dretke, 397 F.3d 306, 331 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Savoires, 430 F.3d 376, 382 (6th Cir. 2005); United States v. Gilbert, 391 F.3d 882, 884 (7th Cir. 2004); Middleton v. Roper, 455 F.3d 838, 857 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Nielsen, 371 F.3d 574, 581 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Summers, 414 F.3d 1287, 1303 (10th Cir.

22007–2007
Bishop v. Miche green
wash · 1999
2 sentences

2007Bishop v. Miche, 137 Wn.2d 518, 523 , 973 P.2d 465 (1999). ¶28 We note at the outset that if on remand the trial court finds M.H. competent to testify at Hopkins’ retrial, the Crawford issue would be moot.

2007Bishop v. Miche, 137 Wash.2d 518, 523 , 973 P.2d 465 (1999). ¶ 28 We note at the outset that if on remand the trial court finds MH competent to testify at Hopkins' retrial, the Crawford issue would be moot.

22007–2007
State v. McFarland green
wash · 1995
2 sentences

2006State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 333 , 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). ¶30 Here, the record is readily reviewable on the Crawford principle that “testimonial” statements given in a criminal trial without the opportunity of cross-examination by the defendant violate the confrontation clause of the sixth amendment to the United States Constitution.

2006State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 333 , 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). ¶30 Here, the record is readily reviewable on the Crawford principle that “testimonial” statements given in a criminal trial without the opportunity of cross-examination by the defendant violate the confrontation clause of the sixth amendment to the United States Constitution.

22006–2006
California v. Green red
scotus · 1970
2 sentences

2006In California v. Green, 399 U.S. 149 , 90 S. Ct. 1930 , 26 L.

2006In California v. Green, 399 U.S. 149 , 90 S. Ct. 1930 , 26 L.

22006–2006
State v. Hanna green
wash · 1994
2 sentences

2005Id. at 1021 (citations omitted) (quoting Crawford, 541 U.S. at 67 ). ¶ 30 While “the Ninth Circuit’s interpretation of federal constitutional law is persuasive authority,” State v. Hanna, 123 Wn.2d 704, 718 , 871 P.2d 135 (1994), habeas granted sub nom.

2005Id. at 1021 (citations omitted) (quoting Crawford, 541 U.S. at 67 ). ¶ 30 While “the Ninth Circuit’s interpretation of federal constitutional law is persuasive authority,” State v. Hanna, 123 Wn.2d 704, 718 , 871 P.2d 135 (1994), habeas granted sub nom.

22005–2005
Pudmaroff v. Allen green
washctapp · 1998
2 sentences

1999As the Court of Appeals put it, “[t]he question ... is whether the Legislature’s amendment of these two definitions indicates the Legislature intended to change the Crawford rule, and treat a bicyclist in a crosswalk the same as a bicyclist on any other portion of the roadway—that is, entitled to none of the usual protections of the crosswalk.” Pudmaroff, 89 Wn.

1999As the Court of Appeals put it, “[t]he question ... is whether the Legislature’s amendment of these two definitions indicates the Legislature intended to change the Crawford rule, and treat a bicyclist in a crosswalk the same as a bicyclist on any other portion of the roadway—that is, entitled to none of the usual protections of the crosswalk.” Pudmaroff, 89 Wn.

21999–1999
Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts green
scotus · 2009
1 sentence

2012We would suggest that courts should not be forced to allow a defendant’s constitutional right to confront witnesses to be determined by something resembling a game, especially in the context of scientific forensic evidence. ¶39 In Melendez-Diaz , the State of Massachusetts argued that the reliability of “ ‘neutral, scientific testing’ ” might warrant an exception from the confrontation clause’s requirements. 557 U.S. at 317 (quoting Melendez-Diaz Br. of Resp’t at 29).

12012–2012
Cuesta-Rodriguez v. State green
oklacrimapp · 2010
2 sentences

2012See 541 U.S. at 52 ; see also People v. Dendel, 289 Mich. App. 445, 458-68 , 797 N.W.2d 645 (2010) (discussing numerous confrontation clause cases involving forensic reports and holding that statements in analyst’s report of glucose tests requested by medical examiner were testimonial); Cuesta-Rodriguez v. State, 2010 OK CR 23, ¶ 28-35 , 241 P.3d 214 , cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 259 (2011) (discussing numerous cases and holding statements in autopsy report were testimonial). ¶38 Under Crawford’s analysis, our legal inquiry begins to resemble the old-fashioned game of “telephone,” as we must atte

2012See 541 U.S. at 52 ; see also People v. Dendel, 289 Mich. App. 445, 458-68 , 797 N.W.2d 645 (2010) (discussing numerous confrontation clause cases involving forensic reports and holding that statements in analyst’s report of glucose tests requested by medical examiner were testimonial); Cuesta-Rodriguez v. State, 2010 OK CR 23, ¶ 28-35 , 241 P.3d 214 , cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 259 (2011) (discussing numerous cases and holding statements in autopsy report were testimonial). ¶38 Under Crawford’s analysis, our legal inquiry begins to resemble the old-fashioned game of “telephone,” as we must atte

12012–2012
Jenner v. Martuscello green
scotus · 2011
12012–2012
United States v. Rueda-Rivera green
ca5 · 2005
12012–2012
United States v. Roberto Cervantes-Flores green
ca9 · 2005
2 sentences

2012We held “that neither certification of DOL drivers’ records nor certifications as to the absence of such records are testimonial for purposes of Crawford.” Id. ¶26 In assessing the character of the DOL certification, we adopted the rationale set forth by the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in United States v. Cervantes-Flores, 421 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2005) and the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Rueda-Rivera, 396 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2005).

2012We held “that neither certification of DOL drivers’ records nor certifications as to the absence of such records are testimonial for purposes of Crawford.” Id. ¶26 In assessing the character of the DOL certification, we adopted the rationale set forth by the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in United States v. Cervantes-Flores, 421 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2005) and the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Rueda-Rivera, 396 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2005).

12012–2012
State v. Crawford green
wash · 2006
12009–2009
Griffith v. Kentucky green
scotus · 1987
12007–2007
Sawyer v. Smith green
scotus · 1990
12007–2007
State v. Rohrich green
wash · 1997
12007–2007
State v. Kronich green
washctapp · 2006
12007–2007
State v. NMK green
washctapp · 2005
12007–2007
State v. N.M.K. green
washctapp · 2005
12007–2007
State v. Kronich green
washctapp · 2006
12007–2007

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 2.06.040 (6) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 10.73.100 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.525 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.44.120 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 141 (1996–2025) CA 128 (1982–2026) NY 61 (1988–2026) IL 49 (1999–2021) FL 33 (2002–2019) OH 27 (2002–2025) GA 27 (1993–2025) WA 22 (1999–2012) CT 21 (1995–2025) TN 20 (1982–2025) PA 18 (1984–2026) MI 17 (1980–2020) OR 17 (2004–2015) LA 16 (1992–2014) VA 15 (2004–2023) MN 14 (2005–2018) KY 14 (2006–2025) MS 14 (1994–2016) NM 12 (2004–2022) WI 11 (2005–2022) KS 11 (1994–2014) MD 11 (2006–2021) MA 10 (2005–2018) CO 9 (2004–2025) IN 9 (2004–2017) NC 9 (2005–2023) NJ 9 (2007–2021) MO 8 (1997–2019) NH 7 (2007–2019) MT 6 (2002–2021) NV 5 (2009–2026) AZ 5 (2005–2019) IA 4 (2009–2022) DC 4 (2007–2012) WV 4 (2009–2021) SC 4 (2005–2014) ID 4 (2006–2015) AL 4 (2005–2014) AK 3 (2006–2021) AR 3 (2005–2015) OK 2 (2009–2012) HI 2 (2005–2007) UT 2 (1997–2005) SD 2 (2007–2018) DE 2 (2006–2017)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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