Carter error in Illinois

20 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1989–2024 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

Case	Followed	Cited
People v. Carreongreen illappct · 1992 · cited in 5 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2011 2 sentences 2011Glasper, 234 Ill.2d at 201-02 , 334 Ill.Dec. 575 , 917 N.E.2d 401 (citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir.1996), Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir.2003), Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir.1999), Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir.1985), 760 Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991), and United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir.2008)); see also People v. Carreon, 225 Ill.App.3d 133, 143 , 167 Ill. 2011Glasper, 234 Ill.2d at 201-02 , 334 Ill.Dec. 575 , 917 N.E.2d 401 (citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir.1996), Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir.2003), Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir.1999), Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir.1985), 760 Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991), and United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir.2008)); see also People v. Carreon, 225 Ill.App.3d 133, 143 , 167 Ill.	5	5
People v. Hallgreen ill · 2005 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019 2 sentences 2019Citing People v. Hall, 217 Ill. 2d 324, 335-36 (2005), Justice Carter states that, to establish prejudice in this case, the defendant must present “ ‘either a claim of innocence or the articulation of a plausible defense that could have been raised at trial.’ ” Supra ¶ 24 (quoting Hall, 217 Ill. 2d at 335-36 ). 2019Citing People v. Hall, 217 Ill. 2d 324, 335-36 (2005), Justice Carter states that, to establish prejudice in this case, the defendant must present “ ‘either a claim of innocence or the articulation of a plausible defense that could have been raised at trial.’ ” Supra ¶ 24 (quoting Hall, 217 Ill. 2d at 335-36 ).	2	2
Van Meter v. Darien Park Dist.green ill · 2003 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 2 sentences 2012Quasi-contractual Recovery ¶ 36 "The purpose of a section 2-619 motion to dismiss is to dispose of issues of law and easily proved issues of fact at the outset of litigation." Van Meter v. Darien Park District, 207 Ill.2d 359, 367 , 278 Ill.Dec. 555 , 799 N.E.2d 273, 278 (2003). 2012Quasi-contractual Recovery ¶ 36 "The purpose of a section 2-619 motion to dismiss is to dispose of issues of law and easily proved issues of fact at the outset of litigation." Van Meter v. Darien Park District, 207 Ill.2d 359, 367 , 278 Ill.Dec. 555 , 799 N.E.2d 273, 278 (2003).	2	2
Kurtzworth v. Illinois Racing Boardgreen illappct · 1981 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009 2 sentences 2009See Kurtzworth v. Illinois Racing Board, 92 Ill. 2009See Kurtzworth v. Illinois Racing Board, 92 Ill.	2	2
Carter v. Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway Co.green illappct · 1985 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2024 2 sentences 2024Id. ¶ 36 The “Carter rule,” as it became known, was incorporated into the Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Civil, No. 31.04 (rev. 2023See Elliott, 92 Ill. 2d 535 (describing consortium); see also Carter, 130 Ill.	1	2
People v. Leegreen illappct · 1993 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011 2 sentences 2011As the trial court explained in ruling on Carter's motion for a new trial, "it's pretty hard for the jurors to figure out without a statement back there what he saw and what he didn't see and when he saw and when he didn't see." ¶ 61 This court has recognized that "[i]n view of the contradictions between [a witness's] statement and his trial testimony, it is understandable that a jury would find it valuable to review the same." People v. Lee, 243 Ill.App.3d 1038, 1044 , 184 Ill.Dec. 907 , 614 N.E.2d 108 (1993). 2011As the trial court explained in ruling on Carter's motion for a new trial, "it's pretty hard for the jurors to figure out without a statement back there what he saw and what he didn't see and when he saw and when he didn't see." ¶ 61 This court has recognized that "[i]n view of the contradictions between [a witness's] statement and his trial testimony, it is understandable that a jury would find it valuable to review the same." People v. Lee, 243 Ill.App.3d 1038, 1044 , 184 Ill.Dec. 907 , 614 N.E.2d 108 (1993).	1	2
James v. Commonwealthgreen ky · 1984 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992Ed. 2d 346, 355 , 104 S. Ct. 1830, 1837 ; see also James v. Commonwealth (Ky. 1984), 679 S.W.2d 238 (holding Carter error harmless on remand)), but several Federal appellate courts have determined that Carter error may be harmless. 1992Ed. 2d 346, 355 , 104 S. Ct. 1830, 1837 ; see also James v. Commonwealth (Ky. 1984), 679 S.W.2d 238 (holding Carter error harmless on remand)), but several Federal appellate courts have determined that Carter error may be harmless.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (15)

Case	Cited	Years
Lazarus C. Finney v. Harry J. Rothgerber, Jr., Kentucky Parole Board, George Wilson green ca6 · 1985 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	8	1992–2011
Steve L. Hunter v. Richard Clark and Indiana Attorney General green ca7 · 1991 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	8	1992–2011
United States v. Brand green ca1 · 1996 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	7	2009–2011
United States v. Soto green ca9 · 2008 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	7	2009–2011
James Beathard v. Gary L. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division green ca5 · 1999 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	7	2009–2011
Lester Lewis v. Steven Pinchak Attorney General of the State of New Jersey green ca3 · 2003 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	7	2009–2011
People v. Glasper green ill · 2009 2 sentences 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment). 2010Glasper, 234 Ill. 2d at 202 , citing United States v. Brand, 80 F.3d 560 (1st Cir. 1996); Lewis v. Pinchak, 348 F.3d 355 (3d Cir. 2003); Beathard v. Johnson, 177 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 1999); Finney v. Rothgerber, 751 F.2d 858 (6th Cir. 1985); Hunter v. Clark, 934 F.2d 856 (7th Cir. 1991); United States v. Soto, 519 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a Carter error may be considered harmless, i.e., when a court fails to give a defendant’s requested “no-adverse inference” instruction in violation of the defendant’s fifth amendment).	6	2009–2011
Kalbfleisch v. Columbia Community Unit School District Unit No. 4 green ilsd · 2009 2 sentences 2009Kalbfleisch v. Columbia Community Unit School District Unit No. 4, 644 F. Supp. 2d 1084 (S.D. 2009Kalbfleisch v. Columbia Community Unit School District Unit No. 4, 644 F. Supp. 2d 1084 (S.D.	2	2009–2009
Dini v. Naiditch green ill · 1960 2 sentences 2024Defendants also point to Dini, which stated that loss of consortium includes “material services.” See Dini, 20 Ill. 2d at 427 . 2024Defendants also point to Dini, which stated that loss of consortium includes “material services.” See Dini, 20 Ill. 2d at 427 .	1	2024–2024
United States v. Luis Ramirez, Leopoldo Alegria-Valencia, Antonio G. Rodriguez green ca5 · 1987 1 sentence 1992E.g., Hunter v. Clark (7th Cir. 1991), 934 F.2d 856 (6 to 5 decision en banc); United States v. Ramirez (5th Cir. 1987), 810 F.2d 1338 ; Finney v. Rothgerber (6th Cir. 1985), 751 F.2d 858 , cert. denied (1985), 471 U.S. 1020 , 85 L.	1	1992–1992
James v. Kentucky green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1992The Court later declined to reach the issue of whether Carter error may be considered harmless (James v. Kentucky (1984), 466 U.S. 341, 351 , 80 L. 1992The Court later declined to reach the issue of whether Carter error may be considered harmless (James v. Kentucky (1984), 466 U.S. 341, 351 , 80 L.	1	1992–1992
Ash v. Swanson green scotus · 1985 1 sentence 1992E.g., Hunter v. Clark (7th Cir. 1991), 934 F.2d 856 (6 to 5 decision en banc); United States v. Ramirez (5th Cir. 1987), 810 F.2d 1338 ; Finney v. Rothgerber (6th Cir. 1985), 751 F.2d 858 , cert. denied (1985), 471 U.S. 1020 , 85 L.	1	1992–1992
Lucien v. McGinnis green scotus · 1985 1 sentence 1992E.g., Hunter v. Clark (7th Cir. 1991), 934 F.2d 856 (6 to 5 decision en banc); United States v. Ramirez (5th Cir. 1987), 810 F.2d 1338 ; Finney v. Rothgerber (6th Cir. 1985), 751 F.2d 858 , cert. denied (1985), 471 U.S. 1020 , 85 L.	1	1992–1992
Ricky Carter v. Bill Armontrout green ca8 · 1991 2 sentences 1991(Carter v. Armontrout (8th Cir. 1991), 929 F.2d 1294 .) In Carter, under similar facts, the court observed: “We recognize that a pending lawsuit between a defendant and his attorney may give rise to a conflict of interest requiring appointment of new counsel. [Citation.] However, a defendant who files a lawsuit against his attorney does not necessarily create such a conflict. * After reviewing the record, we find no support, except the filing of the lawsuit, for Carter’s claim.” Carter, 929 F.2d at 1300 . 1991(Carter v. Armontrout (8th Cir. 1991), 929 F.2d 1294 .) In Carter, under similar facts, the court observed: “We recognize that a pending lawsuit between a defendant and his attorney may give rise to a conflict of interest requiring appointment of new counsel. [Citation.] However, a defendant who files a lawsuit against his attorney does not necessarily create such a conflict. * After reviewing the record, we find no support, except the filing of the lawsuit, for Carter’s claim.” Carter, 929 F.2d at 1300 .	1	1991–1991
Woodside v. Gerken Food Co. green illappct · 1985 2 sentences 1989App. at 506-07, 474 N.E.2d at 774-75 .) This conclusion answers the second step of the Carter inquiry: Whether the conduct complained of constituted a “use” of the insured vehicle. 1989App. at 506-07, 474 N.E.2d at 774-75 .) This conclusion answers the second step of the Carter inquiry: Whether the conduct complained of constituted a “use” of the insured vehicle.	1	1989–1989

Where else courts name it

NJ 51 (2004–2026) TX 35 (1984–2026) GA 29 (1976–2025) CA 23 (1970–2026) IL 20 (1989–2024) LA 18 (1979–2019) OH 18 (2004–2025) FL 17 (1983–2022) PA 12 (1977–2026) IN 12 (1994–2024) WA 8 (1995–2018) MI 7 (1971–2021) MO 7 (1980–2017) DC 7 (1992–2024) UT 6 (1995–2025) IA 5 (2005–2024) AL 5 (1992–2026) ID 5 (1983–2020) WI 5 (2002–2025) VA 5 (1993–2024) MS 5 (2004–2014) CO 4 (1966–2024) MD 4 (1972–2016) AR 3 (2001–2015) ME 3 (1990–2025) MA 3 (1994–2009) MN 3 (1996–1997) KS 3 (1966–2015) TN 3 (1953–2022) NY 2 (2010–2019) DE 2 (2014–2017) NV 2 (1982–1985) KY 2 (1937–2023) NE 2 (1995–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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