proportionality analysis (Utah) · Go Syfert
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proportionality analysis in Utah

16 Utah opinions name it 2 courts 1996–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Utah courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (31)

CaseFollowedCited
Harmelin v. Michigangreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 5 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1996–2015
2 sentences

2015Id. 212 ¶ 184 "The actions of the First Congress, which are of course persuasive evidence of what the Constitution means, belie any doctrine of proportionality." Harmelin, 501 U.S. at 980 , 111 S.Ct. 2680 (opinion of Scalia, J.) (citation omitted).

2015Id. 212 ¶ 184 "The actions of the First Congress, which are of course persuasive evidence of what the Constitution means, belie any doctrine of proportionality." Harmelin, 501 U.S. at 980 , 111 S.Ct. 2680 (opinion of Scalia, J.) (citation omitted).

35
State v. Copelandgreen
utah · 1988 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 438 P.2d 542, 544 (Utah 1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910))). ¶ 144 There is one other authority cited in Herrera for the state standard of proportionality that it adopted.

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

22
State v. Nancegreen
utah · 1968 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

22
State v. Hansongreen
utah · 1981 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 438 P.2d 542, 544 (Utah 1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910))). ¶ 144 There is one other authority cited in Herrera for the state standard of proportionality that it adopted.

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

22
State v. Alvarezgreen
utahctapp · 2017 · cited in 3 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2017–2019
2 sentences

2018Although Utah appellate courts did not explicitly address LeBeau 's application to aggravated sexual abuse cases until after Casper was sentenced, see State v. Alvarez , 2017 UT App 145 , ¶ 2, 402 P.3d 191 , for the purposes of this appeal, we assume, without deciding, that it applies. ¶13 Casper's argument that counsel should have provided evidence for a proportionality analysis under LeBeau fails because he cannot show that there was "no conceivable tactical basis for counsel's actions." See State v. Clark , 2004 UT 25 , ¶ 6, 89 P.3d 162 (quotation simplified).

2018Although Utah appellate courts did not explicitly address LeBeau 's application to aggravated sexual abuse cases until after Casper was sentenced, see State v. Alvarez , 2017 UT App 145 , ¶ 2, 402 P.3d 191 , for the purposes of this appeal, we assume, without deciding, that it applies. ¶13 Casper's argument that counsel should have provided evidence for a proportionality analysis under LeBeau fails because he cannot show that there was "no conceivable tactical basis for counsel's actions." See State v. Clark , 2004 UT 25 , ¶ 6, 89 P.3d 162 (quotation simplified).

13
State v. Lebeaugreen
utah · 2014 · cited in 3 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2016–2019
2 sentences

2019And LeBeau itself implicitly acknowledges this limitation of the requirement to conduct a proportionality analysis, stating, "[C]ourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendant's crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 42, 337 P.3d 254 (emphasis added); see also State v. Norton , 2018 UT App 82 , ¶ 79, 427 P.3d 312 ("[W]e will not fault the court for failing to conduct a sua sponte review of the Utah Code to identify similar offenses and then compare their sentencing schemes to the sentence it intended to impose on

2019And LeBeau itself implicitly acknowledges this limitation of the requirement to conduct a proportionality analysis, stating, "[C]ourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendant's crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 42, 337 P.3d 254 (emphasis added); see also State v. Norton , 2018 UT App 82 , ¶ 79, 427 P.3d 312 ("[W]e will not fault the court for failing to conduct a sua sponte review of the Utah Code to identify similar offenses and then compare their sentencing schemes to the sentence it intended to impose on

13
State v. Laffertygreen
utah · 2001 · cited in 3 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2002–2018
2 sentences

2002The State further advocates that if this court decides to conduct a proportionality analysis, defendant's sentence is not disproportionate to his culpability and not outside of the general pattern of death penalty cases in Utah. ¶ 37 As we recently noted in State v. Lafferty , "proportionality review is not required under the federal constitution or under our state constitution." 2001 UT 19, ¶ 114 , 20 P.3d 342 (citations omitted).

2002The State further advocates that if this court decides to conduct a proportionality analysis, defendant's sentence is not disproportionate to his culpability and not outside of the general pattern of death penalty cases in Utah. ¶ 37 As we recently noted in State v. Lafferty , "proportionality review is not required under the federal constitution or under our state constitution." 2001 UT 19, ¶ 114 , 20 P.3d 342 (citations omitted).

13
State v. Clarkgreen
utah · 2004 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019State v. Clark , 2004 UT 25 , ¶ 6, 89 P.3d 162 . ¶17 While not specifically identifying it as a separate issue on appeal, Coombs also advances the argument that the sentencing court "erred ... when it did not engage in the proportionality analysis" required by LeBeau .

2019State v. Clark , 2004 UT 25 , ¶ 6, 89 P.3d 162 . ¶17 While not specifically identifying it as a separate issue on appeal, Coombs also advances the argument that the sentencing court "erred ... when it did not engage in the proportionality analysis" required by LeBeau .

12
State v. Houstongreen
utah · 2015 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2018
2 sentences

2018Associate Chief Justice Lee, concurring: ¶87 I concur in the majority opinion but write separately to register my continuing discomfort with the proportionality standard established in State v. Houston , 2015 UT 40 , 353 P.3d 55 . 14 In Houston I set forth my view that article I, section 9 of the Utah Constitution, as originally understood, "does not deputize the courts to second-guess punishments they deem excessive or lacking in proportionality, but only to proscribe methods of punishment historically rejected as barbaric or torturous." Houston , 2015 UT 40 , ¶ 157, 353 P.3d 55 (Lee, A.C.J.,

2018Associate Chief Justice Lee, concurring: ¶87 I concur in the majority opinion but write separately to register my continuing discomfort with the proportionality standard established in State v. Houston , 2015 UT 40 , 353 P.3d 55 . 14 In Houston I set forth my view that article I, section 9 of the Utah Constitution, as originally understood, "does not deputize the courts to second-guess punishments they deem excessive or lacking in proportionality, but only to proscribe methods of punishment historically rejected as barbaric or torturous." Houston , 2015 UT 40 , ¶ 157, 353 P.3d 55 (Lee, A.C.J.,

12
Utah Safe to Learn-Safe to Worship Coalition, Inc. v. Stategreen
utah · 2004 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 135 UT 32 , ¶ 19, 94 P.3d 217 (―The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rendering advisory opinions.‖ (internal (con‘t.) 30 Cite as: 2015 UT 36 Opinion of the Court find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty.136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether ―a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.‖137 We therefore look to the characteristics of juve

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

12
Miller v. Alabamagreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015The mitigating characteristics of youth must also inform a proportionality analysis under the Utah Constitution. ¶ 259 First, juveniles are less culpable because they exhibit ―a lack of maturity and an underdeveloped sense of responsibility.‖ Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

2015The mitigating characteristics of youth must also inform a proportionality analysis under the Utah Constitution. 1259 First, juveniles are less culpable because they exhibit "a lack of maturity and an underdeveloped sense of responsibility." Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

12
State v. Nortongreen
utahctapp · 2018 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019And LeBeau itself implicitly acknowledges this limitation of the requirement to conduct a proportionality analysis, stating, "[C]ourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendant's crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 42, 337 P.3d 254 (emphasis added); see also State v. Norton , 2018 UT App 82 , ¶ 79, 427 P.3d 312 ("[W]e will not fault the court for failing to conduct a sua sponte review of the Utah Code to identify similar offenses and then compare their sentencing schemes to the sentence it intended to impose on

2019And LeBeau itself implicitly acknowledges this limitation of the requirement to conduct a proportionality analysis, stating, "[C]ourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendant's crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 42, 337 P.3d 254 (emphasis added); see also State v. Norton , 2018 UT App 82 , ¶ 79, 427 P.3d 312 ("[W]e will not fault the court for failing to conduct a sua sponte review of the Utah Code to identify similar offenses and then compare their sentencing schemes to the sentence it intended to impose on

11
Williams v. Stategreen
utah · 2018 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019And LeBeau itself implicitly acknowledges this limitation of the requirement to conduct a proportionality analysis, stating, "[C]ourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendant's crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 42, 337 P.3d 254 (emphasis added); see also State v. Norton , 2018 UT App 82 , ¶ 79, 427 P.3d 312 ("[W]e will not fault the court for failing to conduct a sua sponte review of the Utah Code to identify similar offenses and then compare their sentencing schemes to the sentence it intended to impose on

11
Winward v. Stategreen
utah · 2012 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

11
State v. Ballgreen
utah · 1984 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

11
United States v. Edgar Gomezgreen
ca7 · 1986 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
United States v. Mauricio Borrero-Isazagreen
ca9 · 1989 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
United States v. Fanta Kaba, A/K/A Odis Lnugreen
ca2 · 2007 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014See Klein, supra note 2, at 693 & n. 4 (indicating that in the traditional scheme of discretionary sentencing, there are "no standards to assist or confine the judge in making his determination;" listing as limited exceptions the following: "(1) a sentence imposed using constitutional criteria, such as race or political viewpoint, Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598 , 105 S.Ct. 1524 , 84 L.Ed.2d 547 (1985); (2) a vindictive sentence based upon a defendant's assertion of his constitutional right to appeal his conviction, North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 , 89 S.Ct. 2072 , 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (

11
Ewing v. Californiagreen
scotus · 2003 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
State v. a House & 1.37 Acres of Real Property Located at 392 South 600 Eastgreen
utah · 1994 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
Commonwealth v. Alvarezgreen
mass · 1992 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
State v. Evansgreen
idaho · 1952 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
People v. Lorentzengreen
mich · 1972 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
State v. Espinosagreen
ariz · 1966 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Normand v. Peoplegreen
colo · 1968 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
In Re Lynchred
cal · 1972 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Workman v. Commonwealthgreen
kyctapphigh · 1968 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Cannon v. Gladdengreen
or · 1955 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Green v. Stategreen
alaska · 1964 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Faulkner v. Stategreen
alaska · 1968 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
People v. Miregreen
mich · 1912 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Utah. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

CaseCitedYears
Solem v. Helm red
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2016Additionally, it requires that sentencing judges appropriately weigh a defendant's potential for rehabilitation." Id. ¶ 87. 1, Proportionality 189 Proportionality analysis requires the sentencing court to "consider 'the gravity of the offense and the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State, 2014 UT 39, ¶ 42 , 337 P.3d 254 (quoting Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 290-91 , 103 S.Ct. 3001 , 77 L.Ed.2d 637 (1983)). "[Clourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendan‘é’s crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." Id.

2016Additionally, it requires that sentencing judges appropriately weigh a defendant's potential for rehabilitation." Id. ¶ 87. 1, Proportionality 189 Proportionality analysis requires the sentencing court to "consider 'the gravity of the offense and the harshness of the penalty." LeBeau v. State, 2014 UT 39, ¶ 42 , 337 P.3d 254 (quoting Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 290-91 , 103 S.Ct. 3001 , 77 L.Ed.2d 637 (1983)). "[Clourts should consider all relevant facts raised by the parties about the defendan‘é’s crime in relation to the harshness of the penalty." Id.

61997–2016
Weems v. United States green
· 1910
2 sentences

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

2015See id. (citing State v. Hanson, 627 P.2d 53, 56 (Utah 1981) (federal Eighth Amendment claim; citing, in turn, State v. Nance, 20 Utah 2d 372 , 438 P.2d 542, 544 (1968) (articulating Eighth Amendment proportionality standard under Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 , 30 S.Ct. 544 , 54 L.Ed. 793 (1910)))).

32014–2015
Trop v. Dulles green
scotus · 1958
2 sentences

2015There the Court formulated the principle endorsed by the dissent in this case—a proportionality inquiry rooted in ―evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society.‖ Infra ¶ 213 (quoting Trop, 356 U.S. at 101 ). ¶ 172 More recent decisions give at least a nod to history.

2015There the Court formulated the principle endorsed by the dissent in this case—a proportionality inquiry rooted in “evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society.” Infra ¶ 213 (quoting Trop, 356 U.S. at 101 ). ¶ 172 More recent decisions give at least a nod to history.

22015–2015
United States v. Bajakajian green
scotus · 1998
2 sentences

2014See Klein, supra note 2, at 693 & n. 4 (indicating that in the traditional scheme of discretionary sentencing, there are "no standards to assist or confine the judge in making his determination;" listing as limited exceptions the following: "(1) a sentence imposed using constitutional criteria, such as race or political viewpoint, Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598 , 105 S.Ct. 1524 , 84 L.Ed.2d 547 (1985); (2) a vindictive sentence based upon a defendant's assertion of his constitutional right to appeal his conviction, North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 , 89 S.Ct. 2072 , 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (

2014See Klein, supra note 2, at 693 & n. 4 (indicating that in the traditional scheme of discretionary sentencing, there are "no standards to assist or confine the judge in making his determination;" listing as limited exceptions the following: "(1) a sentence imposed using constitutional criteria, such as race or political viewpoint, Wayte v. United States, 470 U.S. 598 , 105 S.Ct. 1524 , 84 L.Ed.2d 547 (1985); (2) a vindictive sentence based upon a defendant's assertion of his constitutional right to appeal his conviction, North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 , 89 S.Ct. 2072 , 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (

22000–2014
Leavitt v. Salt Lake City Corporation green
utahctapp · 2019
2 sentences

2024This list is nonexclusive and need not be “rigidly applied.” Leavitt v. Salt Lake City Corp., 2019 UT App 70, ¶ 19 , 442 P.3d 1217 . ¶26 Although the ALJ generally referenced these factors in discussing proportionality, with the exception of the fourth listed factor, he largely found other factors to be more helpful to the proportionality analysis in this case.

2024This list is nonexclusive and need not be “rigidly applied.” Leavitt v. Salt Lake City Corp., 2019 UT App 70, ¶ 19 , 442 P.3d 1217 . ¶26 Although the ALJ generally referenced these factors in discussing proportionality, with the exception of the fourth listed factor, he largely found other factors to be more helpful to the proportionality analysis in this case.

12024–2024
Larsen v. Davis County green
utahctapp · 2014
2 sentences

2024Failure to consider the full context of the violations thus “exceed[ed] the bounds of reasonableness and rationality.” Larsen v. Davis County, 2014 UT App 74, ¶ 17 , 324 P.3d 641 (quotation simplified), cert. denied, 333 P.3d 365 (Utah 2014), and the ALJ’s proportionality analysis was therefore arbitrary and capricious. ¶29 Consistency.

2024Failure to consider the full context of the violations thus “exceed[ed] the bounds of reasonableness and rationality.” Larsen v. Davis County, 2014 UT App 74, ¶ 17 , 324 P.3d 641 (quotation simplified), cert. denied, 333 P.3d 365 (Utah 2014), and the ALJ’s proportionality analysis was therefore arbitrary and capricious. ¶29 Consistency.

12024–2024
Burgess v. Department of Corrections green
utahctapp · 2017
2 sentences

2019POST[] had attempted to take action against [Macfarlane’s] POST certification . . . , that argument might be compelling.” But the CSRO determined that that “is not what happened”; POST did not take action against Macfarlane’s certification but only became concerned that Macfarlane “had lied to them for some time” and “had violated a number of DPS and POST policies and rules.” POST then referred the matter to IA for an investigation, which confirmed that Macfarlane had violated a number of DPS policies. 20180199-CA 10 2019 UT App 133 Macfarlane v. CSRO ¶26 Finally, the CSRO went through the pro

2019POST[] had attempted to take action against [Macfarlane’s] POST certification . . . , that argument might be compelling.” But the CSRO determined that that “is not what happened”; POST did not take action against Macfarlane’s certification but only became concerned that Macfarlane “had lied to them for some time” and “had violated a number of DPS and POST policies and rules.” POST then referred the matter to IA for an investigation, which confirmed that Macfarlane had violated a number of DPS policies. 20180199-CA 10 2019 UT App 133 Macfarlane v. CSRO ¶26 Finally, the CSRO went through the pro

12019–2019
Macfarlane v. CSRO green
utahctapp · 2019
1 sentence

2019POST[] had attempted to take action against [Macfarlane’s] POST certification . . . , that argument might be compelling.” But the CSRO determined that that “is not what happened”; POST did not take action against Macfarlane’s certification but only became concerned that Macfarlane “had lied to them for some time” and “had violated a number of DPS and POST policies and rules.” POST then referred the matter to IA for an investigation, which confirmed that Macfarlane had violated a number of DPS policies. 20180199-CA 10 2019 UT App 133 Macfarlane v. CSRO ¶26 Finally, the CSRO went through the pro

12019–2019
Ogden City Corp. v. Harmon green
utahctapp · 2005
2 sentences

2019POST[] had attempted to take action against [Macfarlane’s] POST certification . . . , that argument might be compelling.” But the CSRO determined that that “is not what happened”; POST did not take action against Macfarlane’s certification but only became concerned that Macfarlane “had lied to them for some time” and “had violated a number of DPS and POST policies and rules.” POST then referred the matter to IA for an investigation, which confirmed that Macfarlane had violated a number of DPS policies. 20180199-CA 10 2019 UT App 133 Macfarlane v. CSRO ¶26 Finally, the CSRO went through the pro

2019POST[] had attempted to take action against [Macfarlane’s] POST certification . . . , that argument might be compelling.” But the CSRO determined that that “is not what happened”; POST did not take action against Macfarlane’s certification but only became concerned that Macfarlane “had lied to them for some time” and “had violated a number of DPS and POST policies and rules.” POST then referred the matter to IA for an investigation, which confirmed that Macfarlane had violated a number of DPS policies. 20180199-CA 10 2019 UT App 133 Macfarlane v. CSRO ¶26 Finally, the CSRO went through the pro

12019–2019
State v. Martin green
utah · 2017
2 sentences

2019Second, we conclude that the presumption of appropriate sentencing considerations has not been overcome. ¶33 Affirmed. 1 Coombs does not challenge the sentences he received for sexual exploitation of a minor. 2 LeBeau requires sentencing courts to consider "(1) the seriousness of the defendant's conduct in relation to the severity of the sentence imposed" and "(2) the severity of the sentence imposed in light of sentences imposed for other crimes in the same jurisdiction" when conducting a statutorily required "interests-of-justice analysis." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 41, 337 P.3d 254 .

2019Second, we conclude that the presumption of appropriate sentencing considerations has not been overcome. ¶33 Affirmed. 1 Coombs does not challenge the sentences he received for sexual exploitation of a minor. 2 LeBeau requires sentencing courts to consider "(1) the seriousness of the defendant's conduct in relation to the severity of the sentence imposed" and "(2) the severity of the sentence imposed in light of sentences imposed for other crimes in the same jurisdiction" when conducting a statutorily required "interests-of-justice analysis." LeBeau v. State , 2014 UT 39 , ¶ 41, 337 P.3d 254 .

12019–2019
State v. Killpack green
utah · 2008
2 sentences

2016In other words, "courts should consider the sentences imposed for more and less serious crimes in order to ensure that a particular defendant's sentence is not arbitrary." Id. 140 Here, the sentencing court appears not to have considered this comparative factor. 7 The court found that Jaramillo "terrorized" the grocery store clerk and that he “understood what [he was] domg” when *44 he committed the crimes, The court then "considered whether a lesser term of imprisonment [was] warranted in light of all-interactions." It "conclude[d] that the interest of justice would not be served by imposing

2016In other words, "courts should consider the sentences imposed for more and less serious crimes in order to ensure that a particular defendant's sentence is not arbitrary." Id. 140 Here, the sentencing court appears not to have considered this comparative factor. 7 The court found that Jaramillo "terrorized" the grocery store clerk and that he “understood what [he was] domg” when *44 he committed the crimes, The court then "considered whether a lesser term of imprisonment [was] warranted in light of all-interactions." It "conclude[d] that the interest of justice would not be served by imposing

12016–2016
State v. MacE green
utah · 1996
1 sentence

2015But where, as here, we find no constitutional violation, we may not “substitute our judgment for that of the legislature regarding the wisdom of a particular punishment.” 142 We therefore hold that Mr. Houston has not demonstrated that his LWOP sentence violates the cruel and unusual punishments clauses of either the Utah or United States Constitution. ¶ 68 Because we reject each of Mr. Houston’s constitutional challenges to his sentence of life without parole, we conclude that Mr. Houston has failed to demonstrate that his sentence was unconstitutional and therefore illegal under Utah Rule of

12015–2015
State v. Baker green
utah · 2010
2 sentences

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

2015As a general rule, we decline to rule or opine on issues that are not briefed by the parties. 135 We therefore find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty. 136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether “a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.”137 We therefore look to the 135See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 UT 32, ¶ 19 , 94 P.3d 217 (“The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rende

12015–2015
State v. Houston green
utah · 2015
1 sentence

2015See Utah Safe to Learn–Safe to Worship Coal., Inc. v. State, 2004 135 UT 32 , ¶ 19, 94 P.3d 217 (―The courts are not a forum for hearing academic contentions or rendering advisory opinions.‖ (internal (con‘t.) 30 Cite as: 2015 UT 36 Opinion of the Court find no reason to depart from the proportionality standard employed in Lafferty.136 ¶ 66 Because we conclude that a punishment must be proportionate to the offense, we look to federal decisions as a guide in determining whether ―a particular punishment is cruelly inhumane or disproportionate.‖137 We therefore look to the characteristics of juve

12015–2015
North Carolina v. Pearce red
scotus · 1969
12014–2014
Wayte v. United States green
scotus · 1985
12014–2014
Bott v. DeLand green
utah · 1996
11997–1997

Statutes the citing opinions construe

UT § Utah Code § 76-5-202 (6) UT § Utah Code § 76-3-207 (5) UT § Utah Code § 76-5-203 (5) UT § Utah Code § 76-5-405 (5) UT § Utah Code § 76-2-305 (4) UT § Utah Code § 76-5-402 (4) UT § Utah Code § 76-5-404.1 (4) UT § Utah Code § 76-5-302 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 270 (1980–2026) MI 189 (1986–2026) WV 149 (1980–2026) CA 138 (1983–2026) IL 111 (1983–2026) MS 106 (1984–2026) OH 79 (1986–2026) OR 67 (1980–2026) FL 66 (1993–2025) TN 62 (1986–2022) PA 38 (1992–2026) WA 37 (1980–2026) CO 36 (1981–2026) ID 33 (1982–2023) AZ 33 (1982–2026) IN 32 (1984–2020) AL 28 (1982–2024) SD 23 (1985–2024) MD 21 (1985–2026) KS 17 (1986–2020) IA 17 (1984–2023) UT 16 (1996–2024) DE 15 (1988–2025) WY 14 (1983–2026) MA 13 (1979–2024) MO 12 (1985–2018) VA 11 (1979–2023) NJ 10 (1995–2023) GA 10 (1994–2023) WI 9 (1988–2022) LA 9 (1983–2017) ME 8 (1991–2025) NC 8 (1985–2023) MN 7 (2001–2018) NE 6 (1991–2022) NM 5 (1988–2019) ND 4 (1997–2025) DC 4 (1993–2007) RI 4 (2004–2013) NH 4 (1977–2013) OK 4 (1994–2006) AK 3 (2022–2025) NV 3 (1991–2020) KY 3 (2004–2020) NY 3 (1994–2005) CT 3 (2016–2025) SC 2 (2000–2013) VT 2 (1995–2018)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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