residual clause (Colorado) · Go Syfert
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residual clause in Colorado

14 Colorado opinions name it 2 courts 1986–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Colorado courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Johnson v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2015 · cited in 7 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2015–2026
2 sentences

2026Id. at 594 (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 924 (e)(2)(B)). ¶ 33 The Court held that this language was unconstitutionally vague, reasoning that “[d]eciding whether the residual clause covers a crime . . . requires a court to picture the kind of conduct that the crime involves in ‘the ordinary case,’ and to judge whether that abstraction presents a serious potential risk of physical injury.” Id. at 596.

2023But those cases are distinguishable. ¶ 20 In Johnson , the Supreme Court held that the residual clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) was unconstitutionally vague and therefore void. 576 U.S. at 606 , 135 S.Ct. 2551 .

37
Vasquez v. Peoplegreen
colo · 2007 · cited in 3 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2011–2025
2 sentences

2025Id. ¶ 48 Under the residual exception to the hearsay rule, the proponent must establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the statement is supported by “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.” CRE 807; see Vasquez v. People, 173 P.3d 1099, 1106 (Colo. 2007).

2014However, this exception is "to be used only rarely, and in exceptional cireum-stances and applies only when certain exceptional guarantees of trustworthiness exist and when high degrees of probativeness and necessity are present." United States v. Turner, 718 F.3d 226, 233 (3d Cir.2013) (internal quotation marks and alterations omitted) 3 A trial court "must make adequate findings on the record before admitting hearsay statements under the residual exception." Vasquez v. People, 173 P.3d 1099, 1106 (Colo.2007).

33
People v. Fullergreen
colo · 1990 · cited in 2 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2003–2007
2 sentences

2007Id.

2007In People v. Fuller, we established five prerequisites for admissibility under CRE 804(b)(5) (now CRE 807): [1] [The statement is supported by circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness; [2] the statement is offered as evidence of material facts; [3] the statement is more probative on the points for which it is offered than any other evidence which could be reasonably procured; [4] the general purposes of the rules of evidence and the interests of justice are best served by the admission of the statement; and [5] the adverse party had adequate notice in advance of trial of the intention of t

12
People v. Shellgreen
colo · 2006 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016Johnson appears to have backed away from the position in Flipside, 455 U.S. at 497 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , that .a statute may be declared facially void for vagueness only if it is "impermissibly vague in all its applications." 135 S.Ct. at 2560-61 ("[Allithough statements in some of our opinions could be read to suggest otherwise, our holdings squarely contradict the theory that a vague provision is constitutional merely because there is some conduct that clearly falls within the provision's grasp."); see also Shell, 148 P.3d at 172 (observing that, to succeed on a claim that a law is facially voi

11
Sykes v. United Statesred
scotus · 2011 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

11
State of Minnesota v. David Lee Haywoodgreen
minnctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See, e.g., State v. Haywood, 869 N.W.2d 902 , 910 (Minn. Ct. App. 2015). ¶ 64 Other courts have applied Johnson only to address whether language similar to the ACCA's residual clause appearing in other federal or state provisions is vague.

11
United States v. Donald Turnergreen
ca3 · 2013 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014However, this exception is "to be used only rarely, and in exceptional cireum-stances and applies only when certain exceptional guarantees of trustworthiness exist and when high degrees of probativeness and necessity are present." United States v. Turner, 718 F.3d 226, 233 (3d Cir.2013) (internal quotation marks and alterations omitted) 3 A trial court "must make adequate findings on the record before admitting hearsay statements under the residual exception." Vasquez v. People, 173 P.3d 1099, 1106 (Colo.2007).

11
John Furtado v. Harold Bishop, John Furtado v. Harold Bishopgreen
ca1 · 1979 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
1 sentence

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

11
Glenn Polansky v. Cna Insurance Companygreen
ca1 · 1988 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1990–1990
1 sentence

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Colorado. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Welch v. United States green
scotus · 2016
2 sentences

2023In doing so, it observed that "[b]efore Johnson , the [ACCA] applied to any person who possessed a firearm after three violent felony convictions, even if one or more of those convictions fell under only the residual clause." Welch , 578 U.S. at 129 , 136 S.Ct. 1257 .

2023In doing so, it observed that "[b]efore Johnson , the [ACCA] applied to any person who possessed a firearm after three violent felony convictions, even if one or more of those convictions fell under only the residual clause." Welch , 578 U.S. at 129 , 136 S.Ct. 1257 .

22023–2023
People v. Thompson green
· 2017
1 sentence

2025Id. ¶ 48 Under the residual exception to the hearsay rule, the proponent must establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the statement is supported by “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness.” CRE 807; see Vasquez v. People, 173 P.3d 1099, 1106 (Colo. 2007).

12025–2025
Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

2016Johnson appears to have backed away from the position in Flipside, 455 U.S. at 497 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , that .a statute may be declared facially void for vagueness only if it is "impermissibly vague in all its applications." 135 S.Ct. at 2560-61 ("[Allithough statements in some of our opinions could be read to suggest otherwise, our holdings squarely contradict the theory that a vague provision is constitutional merely because there is some conduct that clearly falls within the provision's grasp."); see also Shell, 148 P.3d at 172 (observing that, to succeed on a claim that a law is facially voi

2016Johnson appears to have backed away from the position in Flipside, 455 U.S. at 497 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , that .a statute may be declared facially void for vagueness only if it is "impermissibly vague in all its applications." 135 S.Ct. at 2560-61 ("[Allithough statements in some of our opinions could be read to suggest otherwise, our holdings squarely contradict the theory that a vague provision is constitutional merely because there is some conduct that clearly falls within the provision's grasp."); see also Shell, 148 P.3d at 172 (observing that, to succeed on a claim that a law is facially voi

12016–2016
Begay v. United States red
scotus · 2008
2 sentences

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

12015–2015
Chambers v. United States green
scotus · 2009
2 sentences

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

12015–2015
James v. United States red
scotus · 2007
2 sentences

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

2015See Sykes v. United States, 564 U.S. 1 , 131 S. Ct. 2267 , 180 L.Ed.2d 60 (2011) (holding that a conviction under Indiana's vehicle flight statute is a ''violent felony'' as the ACCA uses that term in the residual clause); Chambers v. United States , 555 U.S. 122 , 129 S.Ct. 687 , 172 L.Ed.2d 484 (2009) (holding that a conviction under Illinois' failure to report for penal confinement statute is not a ''violent felony'' under the residual clause of the ACCA); Begay v. United States, 553 U.S. 137 , 128 S.Ct. 1581 , 170 L.Ed.2d 490 (2008) (holding that a conviction under New Mexico's driving und

12015–2015
State ex rel. Mark A. Richardson, Relator v. The Honorable Daniel R. Green green
mo · 2015
1 sentence

2015Richardson v. Green, 465 S.W.3d 60 , 66-67 (Mo. 2015).

12015–2015
Oldsen v. People green
colo · 1986
2 sentences

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

1990In Oldsen , the trial court admitted the hearsay statements of a child victim of sexual assault under the “medical exception” to the hearsay rule contained in CRE 803(4). 732 P.2d at 1132 .

11990–1990
United States Steel Corporation v. United States Environmental Protection Agency green
scotus · 1980
1 sentence

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

11990–1990
Bishop v. Furtado green
scotus · 1980
2 sentences

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

1990Co., 852 F.2d 626, 631 (1st Cir.1988) (analyzing requirements of Fed.R.Evid. 803(24) on hypothesis that hearsay letter was admitted by trial court under that section); Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F.2d 80, 90-91 (1st Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035 , 100 S.Ct. 710 , 62 L.Ed.2d 672 (1980). 6 In Oldsen v. People, 732 P.2d at 1136-37 , we upheld under the residual exception the district court’s ruling admitting hearsay statements.

11990–1990
W.C.L. v. People green
colo · 1984
2 sentences

1986W.C.L. v. People, 685 P.2d 176 (Colo.1984).

1986W.C.L. v. People, 685 P.2d 176 (Colo.1984).

11986–1986

Statutes the citing opinions construe

USC § 18u.s.c.924 (5) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-1-901 (4) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-4-102 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 13-6-310 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 16-11-309 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 16-12-102 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-1.3-406 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-7-101 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-7-301 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-6-302 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 51 (1988–2025) IL 45 (1984–2026) GA 42 (2008–2026) MN 40 (1970–2026) MT 26 (1988–2017) NC 26 (1984–2023) IA 25 (1994–2024) CA 25 (1982–2026) WI 23 (1978–2025) MI 22 (1998–2023) MA 16 (1982–2024) MS 15 (1968–2017) CO 14 (1986–2026) OR 11 (1984–2026) AZ 11 (1974–2024) NJ 10 (1955–2024) UT 10 (2001–2025) WA 10 (1990–2025) NM 10 (1990–2024) NE 10 (1993–2023) PA 9 (2005–2025) AK 8 (1972–2021) KY 8 (1989–2021) SD 8 (1985–2016) MD 8 (1995–2020) DE 7 (1999–2023) ND 7 (2009–2025) KS 7 (1992–2021) TX 6 (2002–2023) RI 6 (1996–2011) WV 5 (1990–2025) NV 5 (1998–2019) IN 5 (2005–2019) OK 4 (1967–2005) FL 4 (1963–2024) AR 4 (1992–2021) MO 4 (2002–2019) ID 3 (1988–2023) DC 3 (2004–2020) OH 2 (2006–2017) VT 2 (2023–2024) NY 2 (1980–1995) AL 2 (1995–2001) TN 2 (2016–2019) LA 2 (1962–1990) VI 2 (2002–2015) WY 2 (2003–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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