propriety instruction in Kentucky

14 Kentucky opinions name it 3 courts 1914–2016 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Kentucky courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

Case	Followed	Cited
Martin v. Commonwealthgreen ky · 2013 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015Examination revealed hundreds of pictures of child pornography and other pictures of pre-pubescent children. .This allegation of unpreserved instructional error is not barred from judicial review by our recent holding in Martin v. Commonwealth, 409 S.W.3d 340, 346 (Ky.2013), because Martin challenges the adequacy of the content of an instruction that was given to the jury, not the propriety of the instruction being given. 2015Id. ("In summary, assignments of error in the 'giving or failure to give’ an instruction are subject to [RCr 9.54(2)’s bar on appellate review]; but unpreserved allegations of defects in the instructions that were given may be accorded palpable error review under RCr 10.26.”).	1	1
Mihalik v. Dupreygreen massappct · 1981 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C. 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C.	1	1
Strada v. Connecticut Newspapers, Inc.green conn · 1984 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C. 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C.	1	1
Schaefer v. Lynchgreen la · 1981 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C. 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) ("A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words."); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C.	1	1
De Falco v. Andersongreen njsuperctappdiv · 1986 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C. 2005See also Strada v. Conn. Newspapers, Inc., 193 Conn. 313 , 477 A.2d 1005, 1011 (1984) (“A publisher cannot be responsible for every strained interpretation that a plaintiff might attribute to its words.”); Schaefer v. Lynch, 406 So.2d 185, 188 (La.1981); Mihalik v. Duprey, 11 Mass.App.Ct. 602 , 417 N.E.2d 1238, 1241 (1981) (insinuating overtone insufficient to constitute libel of public figure); DeFalco v. Anderson, 209 N.J.Super. 99 , 506 A.2d 1280, 1284 (Ct.App.Div.1986); C.	1	1
Diesen v. Hessburggreen minn · 1990 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 2 sentences 2005Neither the Court of Appeals nor the majority opinion of this Court has discussed the propriety of the instruction that permitted the jury to find for Kentucky Kingdom if it believed that “[t]he WHAS Reports in July 1994, taken as a whole, conveyed and created false inferences or implications concerning Kentucky Kingdom and the management, maintenance and safety of the amusement park.” However, “an allegedly false implication arising out of true statements is generally not actionable in defamation by a public official .... ” Diesen v. Hessburg, 455 N.W.2d 446, 452 (Minn.1990). 2005Neither the Court of Appeals nor the majority opinion of this Court has discussed the propriety of the instruction that permitted the jury to find for Kentucky Kingdom if it believed that "[t]he WHAS Reports in July 1994, taken as a whole, conveyed and created false inferences or implications concerning Kentucky Kingdom and the management, maintenance and safety of the amusement park." However, "an allegedly false implication arising out of true statements is generally not actionable in defamation by a public official...." Diesen v. Hessburg, 455 N.W.2d 446, 452 (Minn.1990).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kentucky. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

Case	Cited	Years
Comair, Inc. v. Lexington-Fayette Urban County Airport Corp. green ky · 2009 1 sentence 2016Comair, 295 S.W.3d at 94 .	1	2016–2016
Kreps v. Commonwealth green ky · 2009 1 sentence 2010We recently noted the Hall “demonstrably false” standard in Kreps v. Commonwealth, 286 S.W.3d 213 (Ky.2009), but without considering the propriety of that standard emphasized that evidence of false prior accusations remains subject to KRE 403’s probative value-prejudicial effect balancing test and held that the prior-accusation evidence in that case was properly excluded under this latter rule.	1	2010–2010
Hall v. Commonwealth green kyctapp · 1997 1 sentence 2010The Hall panel did not attempt to define “demonstrably false” beyond saying that prior allegations could not be inquired about unless they were “proven” or “admitted” to be false. 956 S.W.2d at 227 .	1	2010–2010
Cotton v. Commonwealth green kyctapphigh · 1970 1 sentence 1982Likewise, the issue is not whether appellant was entitled to the type of hearing provided for in Cotton v. Commonwealth, Ky., 454 S.W.2d 698 (1970).	1	1982–1982
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company v. Biliter green kyctapphigh · 1967 1 sentence 1970In the case of Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company v. Biliter, Ky., 413 S.W.2d 894 , the Court of Appeals of Kentucky in considering the propriety of the defense of ‘Act of God,’ quoted from 62 A.L.R.2d 796 , as follows: “ ‘ * * * “Act of God,” must be of an unforeseeable and unpredictable character, the consequences of which could not be guarded against. * * * ’ “It is evident from the findings of the Court, therefore, that the consequences of the acts of Mattingly and Land Company could have and should have been guarded against by the proper construction of the culvert.” The chancellor made	1	1970–1970
Klutey v. Commonwealth, Department of Highways green kyctapphigh · 1968 1 sentence 1970In the case of Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company v. Biliter, Ky., 413 S.W.2d 894 , the Court of Appeals of Kentucky in considering the propriety of the defense of ‘Act of God,’ quoted from 62 A.L.R.2d 796 , as follows: “ ‘ * * * “Act of God,” must be of an unforeseeable and unpredictable character, the consequences of which could not be guarded against. * * * ’ “It is evident from the findings of the Court, therefore, that the consequences of the acts of Mattingly and Land Company could have and should have been guarded against by the proper construction of the culvert.” The chancellor made	1	1970–1970
Dixon v. Stringer green kyctapphigh · 1939 2 sentences 1967As far back as 1939, in Dixon v. Stringer, 277 Ky. 347 , 126 S.W.2d 448 , this Court was raising questions about the propriety of such an instruction. 1967As far back as 1939, in Dixon v. Stringer, 277 Ky. 347 , 126 S.W.2d 448 , this Court was raising questions about the propriety of such an instruction.	1	1967–1967
Chambers v. Hawkins neutral kyctapphigh · 1930 2 sentences 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 . 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 .	1	1938–1938
Codell Construction Co. v. Steele green kyctapphigh · 1933 2 sentences 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 . 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 .	1	1938–1938
Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins green kyctapphigh · 1929 2 sentences 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 . 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 .	1	1938–1938
Louisville & Nashville Railroad v. Gayle green kyctapp · 1924 2 sentences 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 . 1938Codell Construction Company v. Steele, 247 Ky. 173 , 56 S. W. (2d) 955 ; Consolidated Coach Corporation v. Hopkins, 228 Ky. 184 , 14 S. W. (2d) 768 ; Chambers v. Hawkins, 233 Ky. 211 , 25 S. W. (2d) 363 ; Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. Gayle, 204 Ky. 142 , 263 S. W. 763 .	1	1938–1938
Hedges v. Stucker green kyctapphigh · 1931 2 sentences 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 . 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
Young v. Illinois Central Railroad neutral kyctapphigh · 1927 2 sentences 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 . 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
Long v. Howard neutral kyctapphigh · 1929 2 sentences 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 . 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
East Cairo Ferry Company v. Brown green kyctapphigh · 1930 2 sentences 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 . 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
Muir v. Cox neutral kyctapp · 1901 1 sentence 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
Payne v. Smith neutral kyctapp · 1923 2 sentences 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 . 1936Muir v. Cox, 110 Ky. 560 , 62 S. W. [ 23 Ky. Law Rep. 6]; East Cairo Ferry Co. v. Brown, 233 Ky. 299 , 25 S. W. (2d) 730 ; Long v. Howard, 229 Ky. 369 , 17 S. W. (2d) 207 ; Hedges v. Stucker, 237 Ky. 351 , 35 S. W. (2d) 539 .” The inserted cases from that opinion sustain the defense therein upheld, as was also done by us in the still prior ones of Young v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 220 Ky. 322 , 295 S. W. 156, 158 , and Payne, Agent, v. Smith, 198 Ky. 564 , 249 S. W. 995, 996 .	1	1936–1936
Gretton v. Duncan green kyctapphigh · 1931 2 sentences 1935In passing on the propriety of an instruction on the impairment of earning power where there was evidence showing that the plaintiff had suffered a permanent injury, this court said in Gretton v. Duncan, 238 Ky. 554 , 38 S. W. (2d) 448 , 450: “The further point is made that no instruction authorizing a recovery for permanent impairment, of the power to earn money should have been given because no impairment was alleged _ or proved. 1935In passing on the propriety of an instruction on the impairment of earning power where there was evidence showing that the plaintiff had suffered a permanent injury, this court said in Gretton v. Duncan, 238 Ky. 554 , 38 S. W. (2d) 448 , 450: “The further point is made that no instruction authorizing a recovery for permanent impairment, of the power to earn money should have been given because no impairment was alleged _ or proved.	1	1935–1935
Pinder v. State green · 1891 1 sentence 1931Pinder v. State, 27 Fla. 370 , 8 So. 837 , 26 Am.	1	1931–1931
Weddington v. White neutral kyctapp · 1912 1 sentence 1926Wedington v. White, 148 Ky. 671 ; Morse v. Fable, 164 Ky. 517 ; L. & I.	1	1926–1926
Moser v. Fable green · 1915 1 sentence 1926Wedington v. White, 148 Ky. 671 ; Morse v. Fable, 164 Ky. 517 ; L. & I.	1	1926–1926
State v. . Rivers neutral nc · 1884 1 sentence 1915(L. & N. v. Coyne, 17 Ky. Law Rep., 285 ; State v. Rivers, 90 N. C., 738 .) ” The propriety of the rule stated in the opinion supra is approved in the following cases: Lou.	1	1915–1915
Sweeney v. Erving green scotus · 1913 1 sentence 1914We are referred by counsel to a number of cases especially Sweeney v. Erving, 228 U. S., 233 , to the effect "that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur does not warrant the instruction and that on the facts the question of negligence should have been submitted to the jury. ' The. plaintiff was standing on her own property and while standing there was.injured by the street car leaving the track'arid'running against the pole near the sidewalk and throwing tlie pole against the gate which thus knocked the gate violently against her.	1	1914–1914

Where else courts name it

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Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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