difference between rule in Oklahoma

14 Oklahoma opinions name it 2 courts 1941–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Oklahoma courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

Case	Followed	Cited
Pryse Monument Co. v. District Court of Kay Countygreen okla · 1979 · cited in 5 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1996–2002 2 sentences 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	5
Joiner v. Browngreen okla · 1996 · cited in 4 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1998–2002 2 sentences 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	4
Kirkland v. General Motors Corporationgreen okla · 1974 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021See Kirkland v. General Motors Corporation , 1974 OK 52 521 P.2d 1353 'Negligence' is the failure to exercise ordinary care to avoid injury to another's person or property. 'Ordinary care' is the care which a reasonably careful person would use under the same or similar circumstances. 2021See Kirkland v. General Motors Corporation , 1974 OK 52 521 P.2d 1353 'Negligence' is the failure to exercise ordinary care to avoid injury to another's person or property. 'Ordinary care' is the care which a reasonably careful person would use under the same or similar circumstances.	1	1
Arkansas Valley State Bank v. Phillipsgreen okla · 2007 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017Arkansas Valley State Bank v. Phillips, 2007 OK 78, ¶10 , 171 P.3d 899, 903 (“The due process clauses of the United States and the Oklahoma Constitutions provide that certain substantive rights — life, liberty and property — cannot be deprived except by constitutionally adequate procedures.”) (notes omitted); Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring) ("It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2017Arkansas Valley State Bank v. Phillips, 2007 OK 78, ¶10 , 171 P.3d 899, 903 (“The due process clauses of the United States and the Oklahoma Constitutions provide that certain substantive rights — life, liberty and property — cannot be deprived except by constitutionally adequate procedures.”) (notes omitted); Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring) ("It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1
Bouziden v. Alfalfa Electric Cooperative, Inc.green · 2000 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See Bouziden v. Alfalfa Electric Cooperative, Inc., 2000 OK 50 , 16 P.3d 450 . 4 ¶ 6 Sun premised its argument that Sago-na was a mere licensee on undisputed evidence that she was there, not to conduct business with Sun, but to have lunch with her husband. 2002See Bouziden v. Alfalfa Electric Cooperative, Inc., 2000 OK 50 , 16 P.3d 450 . 4 ¶ 6 Sun premised its argument that Sago-na was a mere licensee on undisputed evidence that she was there, not to conduct business with Sun, but to have lunch with her husband.	1	1
Eskridge v. Laddgreen okla · 1991 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * " (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
In Re Crane's Estategreen okla · 1949 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * " (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
Abel v. Tisdalegreen okla · 1980 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 1 sentence 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Ashergreen okla · 1993 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 1 sentence 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
Nail Ex Rel. Nail v. Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospitalgreen okla · 1985 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 1 sentence 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
Bennett v. Kiowa County Bankgreen okla · 1915 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 2 sentences 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * * " (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be 1997Steadfast adherence to strict procedural safeguards is our main assurance that there will be equal justice under law. * *" (Emphasis added.) Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring). [50] Eskridge v. Ladd, Okl., 811 P.2d 587, 590 (1991); In Re Crane's Estate, 201 Okl. 354 , 206 P.2d 726, 729 (1949). [51] Eskridge, supra note 50 at 590. [52] Oklahoma Turnpike Authority v. Asher, Okl., 863 P.2d 1205, 1207 (1993); Abel v. Tisdale, Okl., 619 P.2d 608, 612 (1980); Crane's Estate, supra note 50 at 729; Be	1	1
Matter of Estate of Flowersgreen okla · 1993 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996Goldman v. Goldman, Okl., 883 P.2d 164, 166 (1994); Estate of Flowers v. Clinkingbeard, Okl., 848 P.2d 1146, 1155 (1993). . " * * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 1996Goldman v. Goldman, Okl., 883 P.2d 164, 166 (1994); Estate of Flowers v. Clinkingbeard, Okl., 848 P.2d 1146, 1155 (1993). [2] "* * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1
Goldman v. Goldmangreen okla · 1994 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 2 sentences 1996Goldman v. Goldman, Okl., 883 P.2d 164, 166 (1994); Estate of Flowers v. Clinkingbeard, Okl., 848 P.2d 1146, 1155 (1993). . " * * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 1996Goldman v. Goldman, Okl., 883 P.2d 164, 166 (1994); Estate of Flowers v. Clinkingbeard, Okl., 848 P.2d 1146, 1155 (1993). [2] "* * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1
Jaco Production Co. v. Lucagreen okla · 1991 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994See Jaco, supra note 1 , 823 P.2d at 364 . . " * * * it is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 1994See Jaco, supra note 1 , 823 P.2d at 364 . . " * * * it is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1
Alonzo Bonner v. Joseph Coughlingreen ca7 · 1975 · cited in 1 Oklahoma opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989 2 sentences 1989The Supreme Court in Par-ratt, addressing these very points, adopted the reasoning of the Seventh Circuit in Bonner v. Coughlin, 517 F.2d 1311, 1319 (7th Cir.1975), where that court stated: “It seems to us that there is an important difference between a challenge to an established state procedure as lacking in due process and a property damage claim arising out of the misconduct of state officers.... even though there is action ‘under color of state law sufficient to bring the amendment into play, the state action is not necessarily complete. 1989The Supreme Court in Parratt , addressing these very points, adopted the reasoning of the Seventh Circuit in Bonner v. Coughlin, 517 F.2d 1311, 1319 (7th Cir.1975), where that court stated: "It seems to us that there is an important difference between a challenge to an established state procedure as lacking in due process and a property damage claim arising out of the misconduct of state officers.... even though there is action `under color of' state law sufficient to bring the amendment into play, the state action is not necessarily complete.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Oklahoma. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (7)

Case	Cited	Years
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath green scotus · 1951 2 sentences 2017Arkansas Valley State Bank v. Phillips, 2007 OK 78, ¶10 , 171 P.3d 899, 903 (“The due process clauses of the United States and the Oklahoma Constitutions provide that certain substantive rights — life, liberty and property — cannot be deprived except by constitutionally adequate procedures.”) (notes omitted); Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring) ("It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2017Arkansas Valley State Bank v. Phillips, 2007 OK 78, ¶10 , 171 P.3d 899, 903 (“The due process clauses of the United States and the Oklahoma Constitutions provide that certain substantive rights — life, liberty and property — cannot be deprived except by constitutionally adequate procedures.”) (notes omitted); Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 179 , 71 S.Ct. 624, 652 , 95 L.Ed. 817 (1951) (Douglas, J., concurring) ("It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	10	1994–2017
Ross v. Peters green okla · 1993 2 sentences 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	2002–2002
Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Commission green okla · 1994 1 sentence 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "*** It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	2002–2002
McKeever Drilling Co. v. Egbert green okla · 1934 2 sentences 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 2002Strelecki v. Oklahoma Tax Com'n, 1993 OK 122 , ¶ 23, 872 P.2d 910, 921 ; Ross v. Peters, 1993 OK 8, ¶ 16 , 846 P.2d 1107 , 1114 n. 29; McKeever v. Egbert, 1934 OK 763, ¶ 15 , 40 P.2d 32, 35-36 . [35] Joiner v. Brown, 1996 OK 112, ¶ 6 , 925 P.2d 888, 890 (citing Pryse Monument Company v. District Court of Kay County, 1979 OK 71, ¶ 5 , 595 P.2d 435, 438 ). "* It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	2002–2002
Helminski v. Ayerst Laboratories green ca6 · 1985 1 sentence 1997If the trial court concludes that the party can comprehend the proceedings and assist counsel in any meaningful way, the party cannot be involuntarily excluded regardless of prejudicial impact; in such a case, cautionary instructions will protect the interests of the defendant in a fair trial." [48] Helminski, supra note 34 at 217, (quoting from McDonough Power Equipment, Inc. v. Greenwood, 464 U.S. 548, 554 , 104 S.Ct. 845, 849 , 78 L.Ed.2d 663 (1984)). [49] "* * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1997–1997
McDonough Power Equipment, Inc. v. Greenwood green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1997Helminski, supra note 34 at 217, (quoting from McDonough Power Equipment, Inc. v. Greenwood, 464 U.S. 548, 554 , 104 S.Ct. 845, 849 , 78 L.Ed.2d 663 (1984)). . " * * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice. 1997Helminski, supra note 34 at 217, (quoting from McDonough Power Equipment, Inc. v. Greenwood, 464 U.S. 548, 554 , 104 S.Ct. 845, 849 , 78 L.Ed.2d 663 (1984)). . " * * * It is procedure that spells much of the difference between rule by law and rule by whim or caprice.	1	1997–1997
Alexander v. King green ca10 · 1931 2 sentences 1941The difference between the rule in Texas and the rule prevailing in this jurisdiction with reference to property rights in oil and gas is very clearly shown in the case of Alexander v. King (C.C.A. 10th) 46 F. 2d 235 , 74 A.L.R. 174 , which action arose in this state. 1941The difference between the rule in Texas and the rule prevailing in this jurisdiction with reference to property rights in oil and gas is very clearly shown in the case of Alexander v. King (C.C.A. 10th) 46 F. 2d 235 , 74 A.L.R. 174 , which action arose in this state.	1	1941–1941

Where else courts name it

IL 33 (1905–2026) TX 32 (1925–2024) CA 23 (1912–2021) NY 21 (1856–2025) FL 16 (1929–2025) PA 14 (1922–2020) OK 14 (1941–2021) LA 13 (1932–2020) OR 12 (1933–2021) AL 12 (1974–2016) MD 12 (1943–2026) MI 12 (1969–2025) OH 11 (2000–2026) WA 11 (1912–2025) MS 10 (1933–2013) TN 10 (1889–2018) CO 8 (1995–2021) MO 8 (1922–2020) WI 8 (1903–2018) NC 7 (2000–2023) WY 6 (1975–2012) GA 6 (1934–2025) NJ 6 (1985–1999) IN 6 (1999–2026) ME 5 (1994–2020) RI 5 (1973–2016) DC 5 (1974–2024) NM 5 (1939–2018) CT 5 (1903–2016) MA 4 (1985–2011) KY 4 (1932–1938) MN 4 (2010–2024) IA 4 (2016–2026) NE 4 (1896–2019) WV 3 (1903–2007) AZ 3 (1982–2006) DE 3 (2000–2024) UT 3 (1981–2015) ND 3 (2007–2025) AR 3 (2004–2025) ID 3 (1913–2011) VA 3 (2000–2023) SC 2 (2005–2013) HI 2 (1960–2024) MT 2 (1991–2006)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check