admissibility test in Iowa

12 Iowa opinions name it 2 courts 1894–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Iowa courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Bensongreen iowa · 1941 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021Eight decades ago, our court rejected constitutional challenges to the admissibility of a test refusal in State v. Benson, 230 Iowa 1168 , 1171– 72, 300 N.W. 275, 277 (1941). 2021Eight decades ago, our court rejected constitutional challenges to the admissibility of a test refusal in State v. Benson, 230 Iowa 1168 , 1171– 72, 300 N.W. 275, 277 (1941).	2	2
State v. Knousgreen iowa · 1981 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021Four decades ago, we rejected a due process challenge to the admissibility of test-refusal evidence under the implied- consent statute in State v. Knous, 313 N.W.2d 510, 512 (Iowa 1981). 2021Four decades ago, we rejected a due process challenge to the admissibility of test-refusal evidence under the implied- consent statute in State v. Knous, 313 N.W.2d 510, 512 (Iowa 1981).	2	2
State v. Bloomergreen iowa · 2000 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021See, e.g., State v. Bloomer, 618 N.W.2d 550 , 552– 53 (Iowa 2000) (en banc). 2021See, e.g., State v. Bloomer, 618 N.W.2d 550 , 552– 53 (Iowa 2000) (en banc).	2	2
Quad City Bank & Trust v. Jim Kircher & Associates, P.C.green iowa · 2011 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025See Quad City Bank & Tr., 804 N.W.2d at 89 .	1	1
In re L.C.green dc · 2014 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025Rev. 62, 63–64 (2021); see also State v. Guilbert, 49 A.3d 705 , 738 (Conn. 2012) (“[W]e do not believe that a defendant should be precluded from presenting such testimony merely because the state has presented other evidence of guilt that the jury reasonably could credit.”); In re L.C., 92 A.3d 290, 297 (D.C. 2014) (holding that the availability of “corroborative evidence was irrelevant to the question of the admissibility of” expert testimony on the reliability of eyewitness identifications).	1	1
In the Interest of A.B. & S.B., Minor Children, S.B., Fathergreen iowa · 2012 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020 1 sentence 2020See In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 774 (Iowa 2012).	1	1
State v. Gettiergreen iowa · 1989 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997 1 sentence 1997State v. Gettier, 438 N.W.2d 1, 3 (Iowa 1989).	1	1
State v. Owensgreen iowa · 1988 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996 1 sentence 1996We first observed the rule that the “knowledge of one police officer, acting in concert with others, is presumed to be shared by all.” Id. (citing State v. Owens, 418 N.W.2d 340, 342 (Iowa 1988)).	1	1
People v. Merkourisgreen cal · 1959 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1
State v. Gausegreen ariz · 1971 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1
Perry v. Iowa State Highway Commissiongreen iowa · 1970 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 1 sentence 1975Perry v. Iowa State Highway Commission, 180 N.W.2d 417, 420 (Iowa 1970).	1	1
State v. Bauersgreen wash · 1946 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1
Lowrey v. Stategreen oklacrimapp · 1948 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1
Harty v. . Central R.R. Co. of New Jerseygreen · 1870 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1894–1894 1 sentence 1894See Harty v. Railway Co., 42 N. Y. 468 ; Railway Co. v. Spearen, 47 Pa. St. 300.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

Case	Negative	Cited
United States v. Roland W. Browngreen cadc · 1974 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1

Also cited on this issue (9)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Satern green iowa · 1994 2 sentences 1996The defendant later objected to the admissibility of the test results because section 321J.6 requires the officer invoking implied consent to have reasonable grounds to believe the person was operating while intoxicated; the defendant argued the city police officer lacked reasonable grounds because he had no personal knowledge of the defendant’s intoxication. 2 Id. at 840 . 1996We first observed the rule that the “knowledge of one police officer, acting in concert with others, is presumed to be shared by all.” Id. (citing State v. Owens, 418 N.W.2d 340, 342 (Iowa 1988)).	1	1996–1996
State v. Dunson green iowa · 1988 1 sentence 1990Dunson, 433 N.W.2d at 681 .	1	1990–1990
People v. Hamilton green cal · 1961 2 sentences 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Marshall v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen green scotus · 1960 1 sentence 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Glancy v. Klinger green scotus · 1960 1 sentence 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Gaunt v. Brown green scotus · 1972 1 sentence 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Gause v. Arizona green scotus · 1972 1 sentence 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Gaito v. Schnupp green scotus · 1972 1 sentence 1975State v. Ebelsheiser, supra; State v. Gause, 107 Ariz. 491, 495 , 489 P.2d 830, 834 (1971), vacated on other grounds, 409 U.S. 815 , 93 S.Ct. 192 , 34 L.Ed.2d 71 (1972); People v. Merkouris, 52 Cal.2d 672, 682 , 344 P.2d 1, 6 (1959), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 943 , 80 S.Ct. 411 , 4 L.Ed.2d 364 (1960); Lowrey v. State, 87 Okl.Cr. 313, 339 , 197 P.2d 637, 651 (1948); State v. Bauers, 25 Wash.2d 825, 838-839 , 172 P.2d 279, 286-287 (1946); 40 Am.Jur.2d, Homicide § 334, p. 603; 3 Underhill’s Criminal Evidence (Herrick 5 Ed. 1957) § 650 (1970 Pocket Part, p. 49); cf. People v. Hamilton, 55 Cal.2d 881	1	1975–1975
Iowa Development Co. v. Iowa State Highway Commission green iowa · 1961 2 sentences 1970Size, use, location and character of the land, time, mode and nature of the sale all have a bearing on the admissibility of such evidence. * * * “Much must necessarily be left to the sound discretion of the trial court as to whether or not the conditions are met which make the admissibility rule applicable.” The rule is repeated in Iowa Development Co. v. Iowa State Highway Commission, 252 Iowa 978, 986 , 108 N.W.2d 487, 492 . 1970Size, use, location and character of the land, time, mode and nature of the sale all have a bearing on the admissibility of such evidence. * * * “Much must necessarily be left to the sound discretion of the trial court as to whether or not the conditions are met which make the admissibility rule applicable.” The rule is repeated in Iowa Development Co. v. Iowa State Highway Commission, 252 Iowa 978, 986 , 108 N.W.2d 487, 492 .	1	1970–1970

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IA § Iowa Code § 321J.2 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 321J.9 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 112 (1972–2026) TX 65 (1976–2024) IN 40 (1969–2020) GA 40 (1975–2021) IL 39 (1924–2026) PA 29 (1974–2026) NJ 28 (1930–2026) NY 28 (1984–2024) MI 26 (1976–2026) CA 25 (1946–2023) WI 24 (1975–2026) FL 23 (1966–2020) CT 22 (1990–2025) VT 18 (1980–2023) LA 16 (1983–2024) AL 16 (1982–2017) MO 15 (1987–2020) WA 15 (1959–2026) KS 15 (1976–2024) UT 15 (1979–2026) MD 14 (1980–2024) VA 14 (1980–2025) MN 14 (1980–2025) NC 14 (1882–2020) OR 12 (1987–2017) IA 12 (1894–2025) ND 11 (1978–2014) MT 11 (1989–2024) CO 10 (1976–2021) TN 10 (1979–2020) MA 10 (1974–2016) ID 10 (1992–2022) DC 9 (1985–2024) HI 8 (1987–2012) OK 7 (1975–1995) RI 6 (1971–2024) KY 6 (1964–2024) WV 6 (1979–2002) SC 6 (1984–2024) MS 6 (2001–2019) ME 6 (1978–2026) NM 6 (1974–2022) NE 6 (1982–2018) AR 5 (1982–2025) AZ 4 (1975–2014) WY 3 (1988–2003) DE 3 (1993–2015) NH 3 (1984–1992) SD 3 (1976–1996) AK 2 (1996–1996)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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