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85 New York opinions name it 9 courts 1852–2025 13 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Leon v. Martinezgreen2 sentences2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle 2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle | 5 | 5 |
Dee v. Rakowergreen2 sentences2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle 2024Analysis It is well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the allegations in the claim to be true and afford claimant "the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory." ( Id .; see Morone v Morone , 50 NY2d 481, 484 , [1980]; Rovello v Orofino R | 5 | 5 |
Guggenheimer v. Ginzburggreen2 sentences2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle 2024Analysis It is well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the allegations in the claim to be true and afford claimant "the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory." ( Id .; see Morone v Morone , 50 NY2d 481, 484 , [1980]; Rovello v Orofino R | 5 | 5 |
Morone v. Moronegreen2 sentences2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle 2024Analysis It is well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the allegations in the claim to be true and afford claimant "the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory." ( Id .; see Morone v Morone , 50 NY2d 481, 484 , [1980]; Rovello v Orofino R | 5 | 5 |
Rovello v. Orofino Realty Co.green2 sentences2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle 2024Analysis It is well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the allegations in the claim to be true and afford claimant "the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory." ( Id .; see Morone v Morone , 50 NY2d 481, 484 , [1980]; Rovello v Orofino R | 2 | 5 |
Board of Mgrs. of 150 E. 72nd St. Condominium v. Vitruvius Estates LLCgreen2 sentences2023Condominium v Vitruvius Estates LLC , 204 AD3d 465, 465-466 [1st Dept 2022]). 2023Condominium v Vitruvius Estates LLC , 204 AD3d 465, 465-466 [1st Dept 2022]). | 2 | 2 |
People v. Trottergreen2 sentences2010The allegations in defense counsel’s supporting affirmation concerning defendant’s expectation of privacy in the [apartment] served only to raise standing as an issue of fact and avoid summary judgment under CPL 710.60 (3)” (People v Washington, 39 AD3d 1228, 1229 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 870 [2007] [internal quotation marks omitted]; cf. People v Telfer, 175 AD2d 638 [1991], lv denied 78 NY2d 1130 [1991]; see generally People v Trotter, 224 AD2d 1013 [1996]). 2007The allegations in defense counsel’s supporting affirmation concerning defendant’s expectation of privacy in the garage “served only to ‘raise standing as an issue of fact and avoid summary judgment under CPL 710.60 (3)’ ” (Trotter, 224 AD2d at 1014 , quoting Whitfield, 81 NY2d at 906 ). | 1 | 2 |
Dozier v. State of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2008Furthermore, the allegations in the claim coupled with this Court’s decision vacating his conviction and dismissing the indictment sufficiently demonstrated claimant’s likelihood of succeeding at trial in proving that “(a) he did not commit any of the acts charged in the accusatory instrument or his acts or omissions charged in the accusatory instrument did not constitute a felony or misdemeanor against the state, and (b) he did not by his own conduct cause or bring about his conviction” (Court of Claims Act § 8-b [4]; see Dozier v State of New York, 134 AD2d 759, 761-762 [1987]; Lanza, 130 AD 1989In other words, the allegations in the claim must be of such character that, if believed, they would clearly and convincingly establish the elements of the claim, so as to set forth a cause of action (Dozier v State of New York, 134 AD2d 759 [1987]). | 1 | 2 |
Matter of Edwin L.green2 sentences2007Finally, the Court of Appeals, In the Matter of Edwin L. , supra , held that: the requirements of procedural due process are satisfied when a Family Court determines, after conducting an inquiry into the allegations of the violation petition, and providing the juvenile with the opportunity to respond to those allegations, that there is a legitimate basis for concluding that a juvenile has violated a condition of the ACD order and states the reasons, on the record, for reaching the determination. 2006The Family Court properly accepted the appellant’s admission to the allegations of the violation of probation petition against him (see Family Ct Act § 360.3 [1], [2]; § 321.3 [1]; Matter of Ricky A., 11 AD3d 532 [2004]; see also Matter of Edwin L., 88 NY2d 593 [1996]; Matter of Louis W., 282 AD2d 686 [2001]). | 1 | 2 |
Lepkowski v. State of NYgreen1 sentence2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle | 1 | 1 |
Board of Education of Mamaroneck Union Free School District v. Attorney General of State of Nygreen1 sentence2023As to the merits of the petition, Surrogate's Court should consider "the time commitment involved, the relative difficulty of the matter, the nature of the services provided, counsel's experience and the results obtained" when fixing counsel fees ( Matter of Middagh , 267 AD2d at 593-594 ; see Matter of Drossos , 26 AD3d 602, 603 [3d Dept 2006], lv denied 7 NY3d 702 [2006], lv dismissed 7 NY3d 807 [2006]). | 1 | 1 |
Fenton v. State of New Yorkgreen1 sentence2023"The determination whether a claimant's statement of the 'time when' the claim arose is sufficiently definite to enable the State to investigate and ascertain its liability under the circumstances is a sui generis determination depending upon the nature of the claim and specificity of allegations set forth in the claim" ( Fenton v State of New York , 213 AD3d 737, 739 [2d Dept 2023]). | 1 | 1 |
In re the Estate of Drossosgreen1 sentence2023As to the merits of the petition, Surrogate's Court should consider "the time commitment involved, the relative difficulty of the matter, the nature of the services provided, counsel's experience and the results obtained" when fixing counsel fees ( Matter of Middagh , 267 AD2d at 593-594 ; see Matter of Drossos , 26 AD3d 602, 603 [3d Dept 2006], lv denied 7 NY3d 702 [2006], lv dismissed 7 NY3d 807 [2006]). | 1 | 1 |
Robb v. Stategreen1 sentence2021Contrary to claimants' contention, we conclude that those principles apply to the circumstances of this case in which, according to the allegations in the claim, defendant's construction of a curb allegedly prevented water from discharging through defendant's land, causing it to saturate the ground and flood the surface of claimants' property ( see generally Barkley , 86 NY at 144-148 ; Robb v State of New York , 262 App Div 37, 38 [4th Dept 1941]). | 1 | 1 |
Alvarez v. Prospect Hospitalgreen1 sentence2021Here, defendant met its initial burden on the motion by establishing both that artificial means were not used to effect the diversion of water and that the improvements were made in good faith as part of a larger road improvement project ( cf. Kane , 255 AD2d at 917 ), and claimants failed to raise an issue of material fact in opposition ( see generally Alvarez v Prospect Hosp. , 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]). | 1 | 1 |
Amsterdam Hospitality Group, LLC v. Marshall-Alan Associates, Inc.green1 sentence2020However, it is unclear what occurred between July 20, 2015 and August 12, 2016, and the ambiguity is not resolved by the documentary evidence, including defendants' unilateral statement in their August 12, 2016 letter that the "First" Option Period would now commence, which cannot, in and of itself, negate the complaint's allegation that, instead, it was the Second Option Period that commenced at that time ( Amsterdam Hospitality Group, LLC v Marshal-Alan Assoc., Inc. , 120 AD3d 431, 432-434 [1st Dept 2014]). | 1 | 1 |
| Rubackin v. Rubackingreen | 1 | 1 |
| David W. v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Woodley v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Wilson v. State of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Bank of New York v. Silverberggreen | 1 | 1 |
| McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Greengreen | 1 | 1 |
| Willey v. Kirkpatrickgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Reno v. . Bullgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Lama Holding Co. v. Smith Barney Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Washingtongreen | 1 | 1 |
| McClelland v. Climax Hosiery Millsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Otto v. Ottogreen | 1 | 1 |
| Johnson v. Blackgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Pirogreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Hernandezgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Heisler v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| DiPace v. Figueroagreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Alejandrogreen | 1 | 1 |
| Fitzpatrick v. American Honda Motor Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Gavinsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Wilkinson v. Skinner
green
2 sentences2024Finally, even the most liberal view of the allegations in this claim would not sustain a cause of action for cruel and unusual punishment ( Wilkinson v Skinner , 34 NY2d 53 [1974]). 2024Finally, even the most liberal view of the allegations in this claim would not sustain a cause of action for cruel and unusual punishment ( Wilkinson v Skinner , 34 NY2d 53 [1974]). | 2 | 2024–2024 |
People v. Crimmins
green
2 sentences1990Finally, the defendant’s remaining allegations of error are unpreserved for appellate review or without merit, or the errors are harmless beyond a reasonable doubt (see, CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Hawkins, 55 NY2d 474 , cert denied 459 US 846 ; People v Bailey, 155 AD2d 262 ; People v Patterson, 106 AD2d 520 ; People v Smith, 100 AD2d 857, 858 ; People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230, 241-242 , supra). 1990The defendant’s other allegations of error are either unpreserved for appellate review or without merit or the errors are harmless beyond a reasonable doubt (CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Mayo, 136 AD2d 748 ; People v Gray, 144 AD2d 483 ; People v Williams, 134 AD2d 304, 305 ; People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230, 241-242 ; cf., People v Parker, 125 AD2d 340, 341 ). | 2 | 1990–1990 |
George Muhlstock & Co. v. American Home Assurance Co.
green
2 sentences1989Co., 117 AD2d 117 ). 1988Co., 117 AD2d 117, 122 ). | 2 | 1988–1989 |
Martinez v. State of New York
green
1 sentence2025Enabling the defendant to investigate the claim promptly and ascertain its liability is the "guiding principle" that informs section 11 (b). ( Martinez v State of New York , 215 AD3d 815 , 817 [2d Dept 2023] quoting Lepkowski v State of New York , 1 NY3d 201, 207 [2003].) It is also well settled that when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 on the ground that the claim fails to state a cause of action, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction. ( See CPLR 3026; see also Leon v Martinez , 84 NY2d 83, 87-88 [1994].) In deciding the motion, the Court must deem the alle | 1 | 2025–2025 |
In re the Estate of Middagh
green
1 sentence2023As to the merits of the petition, Surrogate's Court should consider "the time commitment involved, the relative difficulty of the matter, the nature of the services provided, counsel's experience and the results obtained" when fixing counsel fees ( Matter of Middagh , 267 AD2d at 593-594 ; see Matter of Drossos , 26 AD3d 602, 603 [3d Dept 2006], lv denied 7 NY3d 702 [2006], lv dismissed 7 NY3d 807 [2006]). | 1 | 2023–2023 |
O'Brien v. Village of Babylon
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
McFarlane v. County of Suffolk
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Schiavone v. Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Romance v. Zavala
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Garland v. City of New York
neutral
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Quinones v. 9 East 69th Street, LLC
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Those Interested Underwriters at Lloyd's v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
green
1 sentence2022Accordingly, the plaintiff has not placed in controversy either his entire medical condition or the prior injuries and medical treatment of his shoulder and knees ( see Quinones v 9 E. 69th St., LLC , 132 AD3d 750, 751 ; Romance v Zavala , 98 AD3d at 728 ; Schiavone v Keyspan Energy Delivery NYC , 89 AD3d 916, 916-917 ; McFarlane v County of Suffolk , 60 AD3d 918 ; cf. Brito v Gomez , 33 NY3d 1126 , 1127; Garland v City of New York , 191 AD3d 770 ; O'Brien v Village of Babylon , 153 AD3d 547, 548 ; Bravo v Vargas , 113 AD3d 577, 578 ). | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Barkley v. . Wilcox
green
1 sentence2021Contrary to claimants' contention, we conclude that those principles apply to the circumstances of this case in which, according to the allegations in the claim, defendant's construction of a curb allegedly prevented water from discharging through defendant's land, causing it to saturate the ground and flood the surface of claimants' property ( see generally Barkley , 86 NY at 144-148 ; Robb v State of New York , 262 App Div 37, 38 [4th Dept 1941]). | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Kane v. Shephard
green
1 sentence2021Here, defendant met its initial burden on the motion by establishing both that artificial means were not used to effect the diversion of water and that the improvements were made in good faith as part of a larger road improvement project ( cf. Kane , 255 AD2d at 917 ), and claimants failed to raise an issue of material fact in opposition ( see generally Alvarez v Prospect Hosp. , 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]). | 1 | 2021–2021 |
| People v. Wood green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| People v. Scott green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| People v. Telfer green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| Ford Motor Credit Co. v. Astoria Federal green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Benson v. Selsky green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Lanza v. State green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| People v. Whitfield green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Tutt v. City of Yonkers green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| People v. Brathwaite neutral | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Jorjill Holding Ltd. v. Grieco Associates, Inc. green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| People v. Cook green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| People v. Torres green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| People v. Curry green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Grumet v. State green | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| Wharton v. City University of New York green | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| People v. Brisman green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| People v. Fortune green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| Balnys v. Town of New Baltimore green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Washington Ex Rel. Seattle Title Trust Co. v. Roberge green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Brown v. State of New York green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| People v. Banks green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| American Home Assurance Co. v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey green | 1 | 1996–1996 |
| People v. Seaberg green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| Technicon Electronics Corp. v. American Home Assurance Co. green | 1 | 1993–1993 |
| People v. Bruen green | 1 | 1993–1993 |
| People v. Esquilin green | 1 | 1993–1993 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.