Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
12 Virginia opinions name it 2 courts 1988–2025 2 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc.green2 sentences2025Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc., 255 Va. 616, 622-23 (1998). 2015Waiver of a legal right will be implied only upon clear and unmistakable proof of the intention to waive such right for the essence of waiver is voluntary choice.” Cashion v. Smith, 286 Va. 327 , 334, 749 S.E.2d 526 , 530 (2013) (quoting Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc., 255 Va. 616, 622-23 , 499 S.E.2d 829, 833 (1998)). | 4 | 4 |
Buckley v. City of Falls Churchgreen2 sentences2023Buckley, 7 Va. App. at 33 (citing United States v. Cassidy, 616 F.2d 101, 102 (4th Cir. 1979)). 2001Buckley v. City of Falls Church, 7 Va.App. 32, 33 , 371 S.E.2d 827, 827-28 (1988) (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 410 , 100 S.Ct. 624, 634 , 62 L.Ed.2d 575 (1980)). “[T]he legislature may abrogate the common law rule by choosing to resolve the conflicting public policy matters by the enactment of law.” Long v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. 537, 543 , 478 S.E.2d 324, 327 (1996). | 2 | 3 |
United States v. Esther Cassidy, John Schuchardtgreen2 sentences2023Buckley, 7 Va. App. at 33 (citing United States v. Cassidy, 616 F.2d 101, 102 (4th Cir. 1979)). 1988The essential elements of this defense include: (1) a reasonable belief that the action was necessary to avoid an imminent threatened harm; (2) a lack of other adequate means to avoid the threatened harm; and (3) a direct causal relationship that may be reasonably anticipated between the action taken and the avoidance of the harm. 1 United States v. Cassidy, 616 F. 2d 101 , 102 *34 (1979). | 1 | 2 |
Long v. Commonwealthgreen2 sentences2001Buckley v. City of Falls Church, 7 Va.App. 32, 33 , 371 S.E.2d 827, 827-28 (1988) (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 410 , 100 S.Ct. 624, 634 , 62 L.Ed.2d 575 (1980)). “[T]he legislature may abrogate the common law rule by choosing to resolve the conflicting public policy matters by the enactment of law.” Long v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. 537, 543 , 478 S.E.2d 324, 327 (1996). 2001Buckley v. City of Falls Church, 7 Va.App. 32, 33 , 371 S.E.2d 827, 827-28 (1988) (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 410 , 100 S.Ct. 624, 634 , 62 L.Ed.2d 575 (1980)). “[T]he legislature may abrogate the common law rule by choosing to resolve the conflicting public policy matters by the enactment of law.” Long v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. 537, 543 , 478 S.E.2d 324, 327 (1996). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Fox v. Deese
green
2 sentences2016Weidman, 241 Va. at 45 , 400 S.E.2d at 167 ; Fox, 234 Va. at 425 , 362 S.E.2d at 707 . 2016Weidman, 241 Va. at 45 , 400 S.E.2d at 167 ; Fox, 234 Va. at 425 , 362 S.E.2d at 707 . | 4 | 1998–2016 |
Weidman v. Babcock
green
2 sentences2016Weidman, 241 Va. at 45 , 400 S.E.2d at 167 ; Fox, 234 Va. at 425 , 362 S.E.2d at 707 . 2016Weidman, 241 Va. at 45 , 400 S.E.2d at 167 ; Fox, 234 Va. at 425 , 362 S.E.2d at 707 . | 4 | 1998–2016 |
Cashion v. Smith
green
2 sentences2015Waiver of a legal right will be implied only upon clear and unmistakable proof of the intention to waive such right for the essence of waiver is voluntary choice.” Cashion v. Smith, 286 Va. 327 , 334, 749 S.E.2d 526 , 530 (2013) (quoting Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc., 255 Va. 616, 622-23 , 499 S.E.2d 829, 833 (1998)). 2015Waiver of a legal right will be implied only upon clear and unmistakable proof of the intention to waive such right for the essence of waiver is voluntary choice.” Cashion v. Smith, 286 Va. 327 , 334, 749 S.E.2d 526 , 530 (2013) (quoting Chawla v. BurgerBusters, Inc., 255 Va. 616, 622-23 , 499 S.E.2d 829, 833 (1998)). | 3 | 2015–2015 |
United States v. Bailey
green
2 sentences2001Buckley v. City of Falls Church, 7 Va.App. 32, 33 , 371 S.E.2d 827, 827-28 (1988) (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 410 , 100 S.Ct. 624, 634 , 62 L.Ed.2d 575 (1980)). “[T]he legislature may abrogate the common law rule by choosing to resolve the conflicting public policy matters by the enactment of law.” Long v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. 537, 543 , 478 S.E.2d 324, 327 (1996). 2001Buckley v. City of Falls Church, 7 Va.App. 32, 33 , 371 S.E.2d 827, 827-28 (1988) (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 410 , 100 S.Ct. 624, 634 , 62 L.Ed.2d 575 (1980)). “[T]he legislature may abrogate the common law rule by choosing to resolve the conflicting public policy matters by the enactment of law.” Long v. Commonwealth, 23 Va.App. 537, 543 , 478 S.E.2d 324, 327 (1996). | 1 | 2001–2001 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.