Account information only. It is never shown to the AI client you connect, and it is kept apart from your research — which is not logged at all.
Your token is the key to the MCP: claude.ai custom connectors and ChatGPT developer mode take it in the URL; Claude Code and the rest take it as a bearer header. It is also in your welcome email. Install instructions.
No token yet. One token per address, shown once and mailed to you with setup steps — claude.ai custom connectors and ChatGPT developer mode need it in the URL; Claude Code and the rest take it as a bearer header. Install instructions.
Your MCP token. Anyone holding it can search on your subscription, so keep it off shared screens.
Header form (recommended) — this endpoint, with
Authorization: Bearer <your token>.
URL form — for claude.ai custom connectors and ChatGPT developer mode, which cannot set a header. The whole credential is in the address:
The dedicated fast index: searches run on a machine nobody else queues for, with full-text highlighted excerpts. Higher MCP limits, and semantic search when it lands.
See ProThank you.
Manage billingDelete my account: email [email protected] and it is done by hand, usually the same day. (Self-serve deletion is not built yet.)
Free, and it takes a minute. Registered visitors skip the Cloudflare checks, and your MCP token for Claude or ChatGPT is issued at the end of this.
Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
Here is your MCP token. It is shown once — it is also in the welcome email we just sent you, with setup steps.
Header form (recommended) — this endpoint, with
Authorization: Bearer <your token>.
URL form — for claude.ai custom connectors and ChatGPT developer mode, which cannot set a header. The whole credential is in the address:
That address already had a token, so we did not issue a second one — two live credentials for one mailbox is how people end up with a working laptop and a broken office machine. Your connector URL is in your inbox under “Your Syfert legal research connector URL”; if it is gone, call 904-383-7448.
71 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1979–2022 2 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. McClaingreen2 sentences2019Although a Kitchens waiver does not preclude claims of plain error; see State v. McClain, 324 Conn. 802, 815 , 155 A.3d 209 (2017); we disagree that the instruction was plain error. 2019Although a Kitchens waiver does not preclude claims of plain error; see State v. McClain, 324 Conn. 802, 815 , 155 A.3d 209 (2017); we disagree that the instruction was plain error. | 2 | 2 |
State v. Gordongreen2 sentences2017See, e.g., State v. Gordon , 69 Conn.App. 691 , 695, 796 A.2d 1238 (2002). 2017See, e.g., State v. Gordon , 69 Conn.App. 691 , 695, 796 A.2d 1238 (2002). | 1 | 1 |
State v. Mukhtaargreen2 sentences2012See, e.g., State v. Mukhtaar, 253 Conn. 280 , 290 n.11, 750 A.2d 1059 (2000). 2012See, e.g., State v. Mukhtaar, 253 Conn. 280 , 290 n.11, 750 A.2d 1059 (2000). | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Cobbgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Gaye v. Kramergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Choice v. Goordgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Zimmerman v. Meloygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Burkle v. Superflow Manufacturing Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Whitfordgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Usrygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Golding
green
2 sentences2019His claim does not necessarily focus on the propriety of the court’s Chip Smith instruction, but he contends that, in the present case, ‘‘the court’s response to the deadlock note created pressure and exacerbated existing pressures on the jury, particularly the minority view juror(s), and that all the coercive circumstances denied [him of] his right to a fair jury trial.’’ The defendant argues that the claim is reviewable pursuant to the bypass doctrine set forth in State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233 , 239–40, 567 A.2d 823 (1989), as modified by In re Yasiel R., 317 Conn. 773 , 781, 120 A.3d 1188 2019His claim does not necessarily focus on the propriety of the court’s Chip Smith instruction, but he contends that, in the present case, ‘‘the court’s response to the deadlock note created pressure and exacerbated existing pressures on the jury, particularly the minority view juror(s), and that all the coercive circumstances denied [him of] his right to a fair jury trial.’’ The defendant argues that the claim is reviewable pursuant to the bypass doctrine set forth in State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233 , 239–40, 567 A.2d 823 (1989), as modified by In re Yasiel R., 317 Conn. 773 , 781, 120 A.3d 1188 | 12 | 1992–2019 |
State v. Evans
green
2 sentences2012On appeal, the defendant argues that the claim is reviewable (1) because he has a constitutionally protected right to review of any and all claims on appeal; (2) under the doctrine set forth in State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233, 239-40 , 567 A.2d 823 (1989); (3) under the doctrine set forth in State v. Evans, 165 Conn. 61, 70 , 327 A.2d 576 (1973); (4) under the plain error doctrine codified in Practice Book § 60-5; and (5) under the exercise of this court’s inherent supervisory authority over the administration of justice. 2012On appeal, the defendant argues that the claim is reviewable (1) because he has a constitutionally protected right to review of any and all claims on appeal; (2) under the doctrine set forth in State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233, 239-40 , 567 A.2d 823 (1989); (3) under the doctrine set forth in State v. Evans, 165 Conn. 61, 70 , 327 A.2d 576 (1973); (4) under the plain error doctrine codified in Practice Book § 60-5; and (5) under the exercise of this court’s inherent supervisory authority over the administration of justice. | 7 | 1986–2012 |
Sandstrom v. Montana
green
2 sentences1995So you need not deal with that element and you need not make that finding.” The defendant argues that this instruction violated the Sandstrom doctrine against a mandatory presumption; Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510, 517-24 , 99 S. Ct. 2450 , 61 L. 1995So you need not deal with that element and you need not make that finding.” The defendant argues that this instruction violated the Sandstrom doctrine against a mandatory presumption; Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510, 517-24 , 99 S. Ct. 2450 , 61 L. | 3 | 1988–1995 |
Doe v. Statewide Grievance Committee
green
2 sentences2000In support of this, it cites Doe v. Statewide Grievance Committee , 240 Conn. 671 (1997). 2000In support of this, it cites Doe v. Statewide Grievance Committee , 240 Conn. 671 (1997). | 2 | 2000–2000 |
O'Leary v. Waterbury Title Co.
green
2 sentences1996In support of this argument, the defendant cites O'Leary v. Waterbury Title Co., 117 Conn. 39 , 166 A. 673 (1933), for the proposition that "[a] judgment in an action begun and prosecuted against a defendant who is dead when it was begun, is null and void and may be attacked collaterally as well as directly." Id., 43 . 1996In support of this argument, the defendant cites O'Leary v. Waterbury Title Co., 117 Conn. 39 , 166 A. 673 (1933), for the proposition that "[a] judgment in an action begun and prosecuted against a defendant who is dead when it was begun, is null and void and may be attacked collaterally as well as directly." Id., 43 . | 2 | 1996–1996 |
Connecticut v. Johnson
green
2 sentences1995Ed. 2d 39 (1979); 3 thereby render ing “irrelevant the evidence on the issue because the jury may have relied upon the presumption rather than upon that evidence.” Connecticut v. Johnson, 460 U.S. 73, 85 , 103 S. Ct. 969 , 74 L. 1995Ed. 2d 39 (1979); 3 thereby render ing “irrelevant the evidence on the issue because the jury may have relied upon the presumption rather than upon that evidence.” Connecticut v. Johnson, 460 U.S. 73, 85 , 103 S. Ct. 969 , 74 L. | 2 | 1993–1995 |
State v. Ramon A. G.
green
1 sentence2022We agree with the defendant. ‘‘[O]ur rules of practice permit criminal defendants to preserve claims of instructional error by filing a timely written request to charge.’’ State v. Ramon A. G., 336 Conn. 386, 396 , 246 A.3d 481 (2020); see also Practice Book § 42-16.13 ‘‘[A] party may preserve for appeal a claim that an instruction . . . was . . . defective either by: (1) submitting a written request to charge covering the matter; or (2) taking an exception to the charge as given.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. King, 289 Conn. 496, 505 , 958 A.2d 731 (2008). ‘‘Under either meth | 1 | 2022–2022 |
State v. King
green
2 sentences2022We agree with the defendant. ‘‘[O]ur rules of practice permit criminal defendants to preserve claims of instructional error by filing a timely written request to charge.’’ State v. Ramon A. G., 336 Conn. 386, 396 , 246 A.3d 481 (2020); see also Practice Book § 42-16.13 ‘‘[A] party may preserve for appeal a claim that an instruction . . . was . . . defective either by: (1) submitting a written request to charge covering the matter; or (2) taking an exception to the charge as given.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. King, 289 Conn. 496, 505 , 958 A.2d 731 (2008). ‘‘Under either meth 2022We agree with the defendant. ‘‘[O]ur rules of practice permit criminal defendants to preserve claims of instructional error by filing a timely written request to charge.’’ State v. Ramon A. G., 336 Conn. 386, 396 , 246 A.3d 481 (2020); see also Practice Book § 42-16.13 ‘‘[A] party may preserve for appeal a claim that an instruction . . . was . . . defective either by: (1) submitting a written request to charge covering the matter; or (2) taking an exception to the charge as given.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. King, 289 Conn. 496, 505 , 958 A.2d 731 (2008). ‘‘Under either meth | 1 | 2022–2022 |
State v. Belt
green
2 sentences2022State v. Belt, [ 285 Kan. 949 , 179 P.3d 443 (2008)], which rejected the John Doe warrant in that case because it had only two loci [that were] present in one in 500 people,’’ and the trial court distinguished that case in its memorandum of decision. 2022State v. Belt, [ 285 Kan. 949 , 179 P.3d 443 (2008)], which rejected the John Doe warrant in that case because it had only two loci [that were] present in one in 500 people,’’ and the trial court distinguished that case in its memorandum of decision. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
Payne v. Robinson
green
2 sentences2020Specifically, the defendant argues that an exception to the general inapplicability of the exclusionary rule in probation revocation hearings is warranted under the state constitution when officers conduct a search of a probationer after learning of that individual’s probation status.5 In support of this argument, the defendant cites Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565 , 541 A.2d 504 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 898 , 109 S. Ct. 242 , 102 L. 2020Specifically, the defendant argues that an exception to the general inapplicability of the exclusionary rule in probation revocation hearings is warranted under the state constitution when officers conduct a search of a probationer after learning of that individual’s probation status.5 In support of this argument, the defendant cites Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565 , 541 A.2d 504 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 898 , 109 S. Ct. 242 , 102 L. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
State v. Tierinni
neutral
2 sentences2020On appeal, the defendant argues that his claim is preserved because he ‘‘objected to the inclusion of the instruction’’ and that the ‘‘trial court noted the defen- dant’s objection.’’ The state responds that the defen- dant’s argument ‘‘misunderstands the law regarding preservation of claims.’’ The state, citing to Practice Book § 42-1617 and State v. Tierinni, 165 Conn. App. 839 , 854–55, 140 A.3d 377 (2016), aff’d, 329 Conn. 289 , 185 A.3d 591 (2018), contends that ‘‘in order to obtain appellate review, our rules not only require a timely objection, but they require the appellate claim to be 2020On appeal, the defendant argues that his claim is preserved because he ‘‘objected to the inclusion of the instruction’’ and that the ‘‘trial court noted the defen- dant’s objection.’’ The state responds that the defen- dant’s argument ‘‘misunderstands the law regarding preservation of claims.’’ The state, citing to Practice Book § 42-1617 and State v. Tierinni, 165 Conn. App. 839 , 854–55, 140 A.3d 377 (2016), aff’d, 329 Conn. 289 , 185 A.3d 591 (2018), contends that ‘‘in order to obtain appellate review, our rules not only require a timely objection, but they require the appellate claim to be | 1 | 2020–2020 |
State v. Tierinni
neutral
2 sentences2020On appeal, the defendant argues that his claim is preserved because he ‘‘objected to the inclusion of the instruction’’ and that the ‘‘trial court noted the defen- dant’s objection.’’ The state responds that the defen- dant’s argument ‘‘misunderstands the law regarding preservation of claims.’’ The state, citing to Practice Book § 42-1617 and State v. Tierinni, 165 Conn. App. 839 , 854–55, 140 A.3d 377 (2016), aff’d, 329 Conn. 289 , 185 A.3d 591 (2018), contends that ‘‘in order to obtain appellate review, our rules not only require a timely objection, but they require the appellate claim to be 2020On appeal, the defendant argues that his claim is preserved because he ‘‘objected to the inclusion of the instruction’’ and that the ‘‘trial court noted the defen- dant’s objection.’’ The state responds that the defen- dant’s argument ‘‘misunderstands the law regarding preservation of claims.’’ The state, citing to Practice Book § 42-1617 and State v. Tierinni, 165 Conn. App. 839 , 854–55, 140 A.3d 377 (2016), aff’d, 329 Conn. 289 , 185 A.3d 591 (2018), contends that ‘‘in order to obtain appellate review, our rules not only require a timely objection, but they require the appellate claim to be | 1 | 2020–2020 |
Plyler v. Evatt
green
1 sentence2020Specifically, the defendant argues that an exception to the general inapplicability of the exclusionary rule in probation revocation hearings is warranted under the state constitution when officers conduct a search of a probationer after learning of that individual’s probation status.5 In support of this argument, the defendant cites Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565 , 541 A.2d 504 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 898 , 109 S. Ct. 242 , 102 L. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
Daloia v. Rose
green
1 sentence2020Specifically, the defendant argues that an exception to the general inapplicability of the exclusionary rule in probation revocation hearings is warranted under the state constitution when officers conduct a search of a probationer after learning of that individual’s probation status.5 In support of this argument, the defendant cites Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565 , 541 A.2d 504 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 898 , 109 S. Ct. 242 , 102 L. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
Ochoa-Ochoa v. United States
green
1 sentence2020Specifically, the defendant argues that an exception to the general inapplicability of the exclusionary rule in probation revocation hearings is warranted under the state constitution when officers conduct a search of a probationer after learning of that individual’s probation status.5 In support of this argument, the defendant cites Payne v. Robinson, 207 Conn. 565 , 541 A.2d 504 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 898 , 109 S. Ct. 242 , 102 L. | 1 | 2020–2020 |
State v. Arroyo
green
2 sentences2016This argument, however, is simply another way to phrase a claim of inconsistency, and our Supreme Court in Arroyo specifically rejected the argument that a claim of inconsistency in verdicts may be considered on appeal under the alternative rubric that " 'the jury's conclusion was not reasonably and logically reached' "; State v. Arroyo , supra, 292 Conn. at 580 , 973 A.2d 1254 ; because of inconsistency. 2016This argument, however, is simply another way to phrase a claim of inconsistency, and our Supreme Court in Arroyo specifically rejected the argument that a claim of inconsistency in verdicts may be considered on appeal under the alternative rubric that " 'the jury's conclusion was not reasonably and logically reached' "; State v. Arroyo , supra, 292 Conn. at 580 , 973 A.2d 1254 ; because of inconsistency. | 1 | 2016–2016 |
State v. Lutters
green
2 sentences2016It is well established that ‘‘courts do not apply the rule of lenity unless a reasonable doubt persists about a statute’s intended scope even after resort to the language and structure, legislative history, and motivating policies of the statute.’’ (Empha- sis omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Lutters, 270 Conn. 198, 219 , 853 A.2d 434 (2004). 2016It is well established that ‘‘courts do not apply the rule of lenity unless a reasonable doubt persists about a statute’s intended scope even after resort to the language and structure, legislative history, and motivating policies of the statute.’’ (Empha- sis omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Lutters, 270 Conn. 198, 219 , 853 A.2d 434 (2004). | 1 | 2016–2016 |
Sokolowski v. Medi Mart, Inc.
green
2 sentences2012Additionally, the defendant argues that the claim is reviewable pursuant to Sokolowski v. Medi Mart, Inc., 24 Conn. App. 276, 279-80 , 587 A.2d 1056 (1991), because the evidence at issue was introduced after the court cautioned the state that expert witnesses may not testify regarding the victim’s credibility. 2012Additionally, the defendant argues that the claim is reviewable pursuant to Sokolowski v. Medi Mart, Inc., 24 Conn. App. 276, 279-80 , 587 A.2d 1056 (1991), because the evidence at issue was introduced after the court cautioned the state that expert witnesses may not testify regarding the victim’s credibility. | 1 | 2012–2012 |
Turner v. Safley
green
2 sentences2012He maintains that his claim is analogous “to the arguments made in many habeas cases . . . that prison officials are impeding on prisoners’ constitutional rights under the guise of safety concerns” and cites Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 , 107 S. Ct. 2254 , 96 L. 2012He maintains that his claim is analogous “to the arguments made in many habeas cases . . . that prison officials are impeding on prisoners’ constitutional rights under the guise of safety concerns” and cites Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 , 107 S. Ct. 2254 , 96 L. | 1 | 2012–2012 |
Hillman v. Town of Greenwich
green
1 sentence2011Therefore, the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over this action.” He further argues that “prejudgment remedy documents are insufficient to commence an action. ... [In this case] [t]he writ of summons and complaint are not sufficient... to commence an action.” (Citations omitted.) Although the defendant argues that his claim implicates the court’s subject matter jurisdiction, we conclude that the defendant’s claim implicates the court’s personal jurisdiction over the defendant. 9 See Hillman v. Greenwich, 217 *379 Conn. 520, 526, 587 A.2d 99 (1991) (failure to comply with statutory prer | 1 | 2011–2011 |
State v. Rapuano
green
2 sentences2010In connection with the final judgment question, the defendant argues that a violation of probation hearing is a criminal proceeding and that an appeal taken from a disqualification order is a final judgment for purposes of appeal pursuant to State v. Rapuano, 192 Conn. 228 , *821 229 n.1, 471 A.2d 240 (1984), overruled in part by Burger & Burger, Inc. v. Murren, 202 Conn. 660, 669-70 , 522 A.2d 812 (1987). 2010In connection with the final judgment question, the defendant argues that a violation of probation hearing is a criminal proceeding and that an appeal taken from a disqualification order is a final judgment for purposes of appeal pursuant to State v. Rapuano, 192 Conn. 228 , *821 229 n.1, 471 A.2d 240 (1984), overruled in part by Burger & Burger, Inc. v. Murren, 202 Conn. 660, 669-70 , 522 A.2d 812 (1987). | 1 | 2010–2010 |
Burger & Burger, Inc. v. Murren
green
2 sentences2010In connection with the final judgment question, the defendant argues that a violation of probation hearing is a criminal proceeding and that an appeal taken from a disqualification order is a final judgment for purposes of appeal pursuant to State v. Rapuano, 192 Conn. 228 , *821 229 n.1, 471 A.2d 240 (1984), overruled in part by Burger & Burger, Inc. v. Murren, 202 Conn. 660, 669-70 , 522 A.2d 812 (1987). 2010In connection with the final judgment question, the defendant argues that a violation of probation hearing is a criminal proceeding and that an appeal taken from a disqualification order is a final judgment for purposes of appeal pursuant to State v. Rapuano, 192 Conn. 228 , *821 229 n.1, 471 A.2d 240 (1984), overruled in part by Burger & Burger, Inc. v. Murren, 202 Conn. 660, 669-70 , 522 A.2d 812 (1987). | 1 | 2010–2010 |
Statewide Grievance Committee v. Whitney
green
2 sentences2009Statewide Grievance Committee v. Whitney, 227 Conn. 829, 846 , 633 A.2d 296 (1993). *567 The defendant argues that his claim was “functionally” raised at the probation revocation hearing because at that hearing he established that a revocation of probation was not sought until after his motions were filed. 2009Statewide Grievance Committee v. Whitney, 227 Conn. 829, 846 , 633 A.2d 296 (1993). *567 The defendant argues that his claim was “functionally” raised at the probation revocation hearing because at that hearing he established that a revocation of probation was not sought until after his motions were filed. | 1 | 2009–2009 |
State v. Avcollie
green
2 sentences2008Our Supreme Court has interpreted § 54-96, noting that the “dominant intention of the legislature [in enacting the statute] was to extend the right of appeal to the state . . . .” State v. Avcollie, 174 Conn. 100, 110 , 384 A.2d 315 (1977). 2008Our Supreme Court has interpreted § 54-96, noting that the “dominant intention of the legislature [in enacting the statute] was to extend the right of appeal to the state . . . .” State v. Avcollie, 174 Conn. 100, 110 , 384 A.2d 315 (1977). | 1 | 2008–2008 |
Ohio v. Roberts
red
2 sentences2007The defendant argues that his claim is reviewable nonetheless because the trial court’s ruling must have been based upon the specific coconspirator hearsay exception provided by § 8-3 (1) (D) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence, 16 which, he claims, would require that the statement bear “ ‘adequate indicia of reliability.’ ” State v. Rivera, 268 Conn. 351, 362 , 844 A.2d 191 (2004), quoting Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 66 , 100 S. Ct. 2531 , 65 L. 2007The defendant argues that his claim is reviewable nonetheless because the trial court’s ruling must have been based upon the specific coconspirator hearsay exception provided by § 8-3 (1) (D) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence, 16 which, he claims, would require that the statement bear “ ‘adequate indicia of reliability.’ ” State v. Rivera, 268 Conn. 351, 362 , 844 A.2d 191 (2004), quoting Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 66 , 100 S. Ct. 2531 , 65 L. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
State v. Rivera
green
2 sentences2007The defendant argues that his claim is reviewable nonetheless because the trial court’s ruling must have been based upon the specific coconspirator hearsay exception provided by § 8-3 (1) (D) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence, 16 which, he claims, would require that the statement bear “ ‘adequate indicia of reliability.’ ” State v. Rivera, 268 Conn. 351, 362 , 844 A.2d 191 (2004), quoting Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 66 , 100 S. Ct. 2531 , 65 L. 2007The defendant argues that his claim is reviewable nonetheless because the trial court’s ruling must have been based upon the specific coconspirator hearsay exception provided by § 8-3 (1) (D) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence, 16 which, he claims, would require that the statement bear “ ‘adequate indicia of reliability.’ ” State v. Rivera, 268 Conn. 351, 362 , 844 A.2d 191 (2004), quoting Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 66 , 100 S. Ct. 2531 , 65 L. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Taylor v. Illinois green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
Alaska Steamship Co. v. Petterson
green
1 sentence2005The defendant relies on the fact that in Taylor v. Illinois, 484 U.S. 400 , 108 S. Ct. 646 , 98 L. | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| State v. Rouleau green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| State v. John green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Ladd v. Burdge green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| State v. Harrell green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| State v. Johnson green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Pinkerton v. United States green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| DuFon v. California green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Medics Pharmaceutical Corp. v. Newman green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| May v. Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| State v. Henry green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| State v. Robert H. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| State v. Henry green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.