46 New York opinions name it 6 courts 1922–2024 3 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Lee Pokoik v. Incorporated Villagegreen2 sentences2015With respect to those branches of its motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the first, third, fourth, fifth, *1027 sixth, and eighth causes of action, the County relies, inter alia, on the fact that “special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and . . . the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner” (Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021, 1022 [1988]; see Matter of 1300 Franklin Ave. 2009Further, “special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and . . . the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner, who must show that the properties assessed were not in fact benefited” (Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021, 1022 [1988]; see Matter of Donohue v Dutchess County Legislature, 277 AD2d 377 [2000]; Matter of New York State Dormitory Auth. v Board of Trustees of Hyde Park Fire & Water Dist., 206 AD2d 483 [1994], affd 86 NY2d 72 [1995]). “[A] determination by a board with respect to the amount of benefit conferred on pr | 2 | 5 |
Gately v. Gatelygreen2 sentences2015It is well settled that separate property that is “ ‘commingled with marital property or is subsequently titled in the joint names of the spouses is presumed to be marital property’ ” (Gately v Gately, 113 AD3d 1093, 1094 [2014], lv dismissed 23 NY3d 1048 [2014]), and that “[t]he party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption” (id.). 2015It is well settled that separate property that is “ ‘commingled with marital property or is subsequently titled in the joint names of the spouses is presumed to be marital property’ ” (Gately v Gately, 113 AD3d 1093, 1094 [2014], lv dismissed 23 NY3d 1048 [2014]), and that “[t]he party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption” (id.). | 2 | 3 |
Haas v. Haasgreen2 sentences2014The party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption (see Frost, 49 AD3d at 1151 ; Haas v Haas, 265 AD2d 887, 888 [1999]), and we conclude that defendant failed to meet that burden with respect to the assets in question. 2014The party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption (see Frost, 49 AD3d at 1151 ; Haas v Haas, 265 AD2d 887, 888 [1999]), and we conclude that defendant failed to meet that burden with respect to the assets in question. | 2 | 3 |
People v. Wonggreen2 sentences2022"Thus, in assessing the credibility of recantation testimony, courts consider a variety of factors, including '(1) the inherent believability of the substance of the recanting testimony; (2) the witness's demeanor both at trial and at the evidentiary hearing; (3) the existence of evidence corroborating the trial testimony; (4) the reasons offered for both the trial testimony and the recantation; (5) the importance of facts established at trial as reaffirmed in the recantation; and (6) the relationship between the witness and [the] defendant as related to a motive to lie'" ( People v Nelson , 1 2021"Consideration of recantation evidence involves the following factors: (1) the inherent believability of the substance of the recanting testimony; (2) the witness's demeanor both at trial and at the evidentiary hearing; (3) the existence of evidence corroborating the trial testimony; (4) the reasons offered for both the trial testimony and the recantation; (5) the importance of facts established at trial as reaffirmed in the recantation; and (6) the relationship [*3]between the witness and [the] defendant as related to a motive to lie" ( People v Wong , 11 AD3d 724, 725-726 [2004], citing Peop | 2 | 2 |
In re Attorneys in Violation of Judiciary Law § 468-agreen2 sentences2021As relevant here, "[w]ith respect to recantation evidence, the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Nelson , 171 AD3d 1251 , 1253 [2019]; see People v Avery , 80 AD3d 982, 985 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 791 [2011]). 2019With respect to recantation evidence, the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false ( see People v Avery , 80 AD3d 982, 985 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 791 [2011]; People v Tucker , 40 AD3d 1213, 1214 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 882 [2007]). | 2 | 2 |
Yalango v. Poppgreen2 sentences2011“The analysis must begin with the recognition that the section 474-a (2) scheduled fees are presumptively reasonable in all malpractice cases (see, Gair v Peck, 6 NY2d 97, 113, 114 , supra)[,] . . . the applicant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption^ and] before departing from the statutory fee schedule, the court must make a threshold finding that a departure from the fee schedule is justified because the authorized fee did not equitably compensate counsel” (Yalango v Popp, 84 NY2d 601, 607-608 [1994]). 1999The analysis must begin with the recognition that the section 474-a (2) scheduled fees are presumptively reasonable in all malpractice cases * * * To succeed on a request for excess compensation, then, the applicant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption by establishing that the fee schedule was inadequate to compensate counsel for the representation provided in the particular case * * * Thus, before departing from the statutory fee schedule, the court must make a threshold finding that a departure from the fee schedule is justified because the authorized fee did not equitably compensa | 2 | 2 |
New York State Dormitory Authority v. Board of Trustees of the Hyde Park Fire and Water Districtgreen2 sentences2009Further, “special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and . . . the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner, who must show that the properties assessed were not in fact benefited” (Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021, 1022 [1988]; see Matter of Donohue v Dutchess County Legislature, 277 AD2d 377 [2000]; Matter of New York State Dormitory Auth. v Board of Trustees of Hyde Park Fire & Water Dist., 206 AD2d 483 [1994], affd 86 NY2d 72 [1995]). “[A] determination by a board with respect to the amount of benefit conferred on pr 2009Further, “special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and . . . the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner, who must show that the properties assessed were not in fact benefited” (Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021, 1022 [1988]; see Matter of Donohue v Dutchess County Legislature, 277 AD2d 377 [2000]; Matter of New York State Dormitory Auth. v Board of Trustees of Hyde Park Fire & Water Dist., 206 AD2d 483 [1994], affd 86 NY2d 72 [1995]). “[A] determination by a board with respect to the amount of benefit conferred on pr | 1 | 3 |
Claim of Esmond v. Thomas Lyons Bar & Grillgreen2 sentences2024The person alleging that a second marriage is not valid has the burden of rebutting the presumption that it is valid and must do so with "strong and satisfactory" proof ( Matter of Esmond v Lyons Bar & Grill , 26 AD2d 884, 884 [1966]). 1983However, even in the event that Daniel and Mary Savarese were not legally married, due to the existence of a valid and existing prior marriage, the plaintiff has the burden of rebutting the presumption of marriage (Esmond v Lyons Bar & Grill, 26 AD2d 884 ; Matter of Masocco v Schaaf, 234 App Div 181 ). | 1 | 2 |
People v. Alexandergreen2 sentences2021As relevant here, "[w]ith respect to recantation evidence, the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Nelson , 171 AD3d 1251 , 1253 [2019]; see People v Avery , 80 AD3d 982, 985 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 791 [2011]). 2019With respect to recantation evidence, the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false ( see People v Avery , 80 AD3d 982, 985 [2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 791 [2011]; People v Tucker , 40 AD3d 1213, 1214 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 882 [2007]). | 1 | 2 |
People v. Torresgreen2 sentences2015However, it is equally well settled that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and it is the defendant who bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see People v Bridgeforth, 119 AD3d 600 [2014]; People v Torres, 267 AD2d 261 [1999]; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 [1998]). 2002It is equally well settled, however, that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and the defendant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see People v Torres, 267 AD2d 261 ; People v Firrira, 258 AD2d 666 ; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 ). | 1 | 2 |
People v. Whittedgreen1 sentence2022In the context of recantation evidence, which "is inherently unreliable" ( People v Stanton , 200 AD3d 1307 , 1312 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lv denied 38 NY3d 954 [2022]), "the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Stetin , 192 AD3d 1331, 1333 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Williams , 11 AD3d 810, 812 [3d Dept 2004], lv denied 4 NY3d | 1 | 1 |
People v. Stetingreen1 sentence2022In the context of recantation evidence, which "is inherently unreliable" ( People v Stanton , 200 AD3d 1307 , 1312 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lv denied 38 NY3d 954 [2022]), "the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Stetin , 192 AD3d 1331, 1333 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Williams , 11 AD3d 810, 812 [3d Dept 2004], lv denied 4 NY3d | 1 | 1 |
People v. Williamsgreen1 sentence2022In the context of recantation evidence, which "is inherently unreliable" ( People v Stanton , 200 AD3d 1307 , 1312 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lv denied 38 NY3d 954 [2022]), "the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Stetin , 192 AD3d 1331, 1333 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Williams , 11 AD3d 810, 812 [3d Dept 2004], lv denied 4 NY3d | 1 | 1 |
People v. . Shilitanogreen1 sentence2021"Consideration of recantation evidence involves the following factors: (1) the inherent believability of the substance of the recanting testimony; (2) the witness's demeanor both at trial and at the evidentiary hearing; (3) the existence of evidence corroborating the trial testimony; (4) the reasons offered for both the trial testimony and the recantation; (5) the importance of facts established at trial as reaffirmed in the recantation; and (6) the relationship [*3]between the witness and [the] defendant as related to a motive to lie" ( People v Wong , 11 AD3d 724, 725-726 [2004], citing Peop | 1 | 1 |
Claim of Matias v. Donmoor, Inc.green1 sentence2020The carrier has the burden of rebutting the presumption of compensability ( see Matter of Matias v Donmoor, Inc. , 133 AD2d 998, 999 [1987]) and, regarding an intentional injury, "[t]o dismiss the claim, there must be proof that the claimant's actions were willful and deliberate, as opposed to impulsive" ( Matter of Bell v Utica Corp. , 306 AD2d at 606 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]). | 1 | 1 |
In re the Claim of Jacksongreen1 sentence2020The carrier has the burden of rebutting the presumption of compensability ( see Matter of Matias v Donmoor, Inc. , 133 AD2d 998, 999 [1987]) and, regarding an intentional injury, "[t]o dismiss the claim, there must be proof that the claimant's actions were willful and deliberate, as opposed to impulsive" ( Matter of Bell v Utica Corp. , 306 AD2d at 606 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]). | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Tuckergreen | 1 | 1 |
Matter of Leary v. McGowangreen1 sentence2019In other words, the incarcerated parent is not required to [*2]demonstrate that visitation is in the children's best interests; rather, it is the parent opposing prison visitation that bears the burden of rebutting the presumption favoring visitation ( see Matter of Granger v Misercola , 21 NY3d at 91-92 ; Matter of Leary v McGowan , 143 AD3d 1100, 1101 [2016]). | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Newlandgreen | 1 | 1 |
| 1300 Franklin Avenue Members, LLC v. Board of Trustees of Incorporated Villagegreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Robinsongreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Acostagreen | 1 | 1 |
| Cease v. Ceasegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Gair v. Peckgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Solomon v. Solomongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Friar Tuck Inn of the Catskills, Inc. v. Town of Catskillgreen | 1 | 1 |
| United Parcel Service v. Assessor of the Town of Coloniegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Donohue v. Dutchess County Legislaturegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Kassis v. Teacher's Insurance & Annuity Ass'ngreen | 1 | 1 |
| Solow v. W. R. Grace & Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Cullen v. New York State Department of Social Servicesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Jonesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Baldenkogreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Williamsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Edgertongreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Blakegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
New York State Dormitory Authority v. Board of Trustees of Hyde Park Fire & Water District
green
2 sentences2009Further, “special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and . . . the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner, who must show that the properties assessed were not in fact benefited” (Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021, 1022 [1988]; see Matter of Donohue v Dutchess County Legislature, 277 AD2d 377 [2000]; Matter of New York State Dormitory Auth. v Board of Trustees of Hyde Park Fire & Water Dist., 206 AD2d 483 [1994], affd 86 NY2d 72 [1995]). “[A] determination by a board with respect to the amount of benefit conferred on pr 2000Special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular, and legal, and the burden of rebutting that presumption falls upon the landowner by demonstrating that the properties assessed are not in fact benefitted (see, Matter of New York State Dormitory Auth. v Board of Trustees, 86 NY2d 72 ; Matter of Calm Lake Dev. v Town Bd., 213 AD2d 979 ; Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021 ). | 4 | 2000–2015 |
People v. Wallace
green
2 sentences2015However, it is equally well settled that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and it is the defendant who bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see People v Bridgeforth, 119 AD3d 600 [2014]; People v Torres, 267 AD2d 261 [1999]; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 [1998]). 2002It is equally well settled, however, that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and the defendant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see People v Torres, 267 AD2d 261 ; People v Firrira, 258 AD2d 666 ; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 ). | 3 | 1999–2015 |
Motorola Credit Corp. v. Standard Chartered Bank
green
2 sentences2015It is well settled that separate property that is “ ‘commingled with marital property or is subsequently titled in the joint names of the spouses is presumed to be marital property’ ” (Gately v Gately, 113 AD3d 1093, 1094 [2014], lv dismissed 23 NY3d 1048 [2014]), and that “[t]he party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption” (id.). 2015It is well settled that separate property that is “ ‘commingled with marital property or is subsequently titled in the joint names of the spouses is presumed to be marital property’ ” (Gately v Gately, 113 AD3d 1093, 1094 [2014], lv dismissed 23 NY3d 1048 [2014]), and that “[t]he party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption” (id.). | 3 | 2015–2015 |
Frost v. Frost
green
2 sentences2014The party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption (see Frost, 49 AD3d at 1151 ; Haas v Haas, 265 AD2d 887, 888 [1999]), and we conclude that defendant failed to meet that burden with respect to the assets in question. 2014The party seeking a finding of separate property has the burden of rebutting that presumption (see Frost, 49 AD3d at 1151 ; Haas v Haas, 265 AD2d 887, 888 [1999]), and we conclude that defendant failed to meet that burden with respect to the assets in question. | 3 | 2014–2014 |
Westchester County Correction Officers Benevolent Ass'n v. Cheverko
green
2 sentences2016Defendant, then, bears the burden of rebutting the presumption that a COR is truthful and accurate, with proof that the People’s readiness statement did not accurately reflect the People’s position at the time (see People v Sibblies, 22 NY3d 1174 , 1181 [2014]; see also People v Newland, 138 AD3d 611, 611 [1st Dept 2016] [“defendant failed to overcome the presumption that the People’s July 6 certificate of readiness was a truthful statement of present readiness”]). 2014Defendant, then, bears the burden of rebutting this presumption with proof that the People’s readiness statement does not accurately reflect their position, i.e., that the prosecutorial statement of readiness was indeed “illusory” (Pe ople v Sibblies, 22 NY3d at 1181 ; see also People v Robinson, 67 AD3d 1042, 1044 [3d Dept 2009]; People v Acosta, 249 AD2d at 161-162 [defendant did not submit evidence to contradict court’s findings and failed to demonstrate that the People’s readiness statements were illusory]). | 2 | 2014–2016 |
People v. Jenkins
green
2 sentences2002It is equally well settled, however, that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and the defendant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see People v Torres, 267 AD2d 261 ; People v Firrira, 258 AD2d 666 ; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 ). 1999However, it is equally well settled that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and it is the defendant who bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see, People v Firrira, 258 AD2d 666 ; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 ; People v McGee, 220 AD2d 799, 801 ). | 2 | 1999–2002 |
People of State of New York v. McGee
green
2 sentences1999However, it is equally well settled that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and it is the defendant who bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see, People v Firrira, 258 AD2d 666 ; People v Washington, 246 AD2d 676 ; People v McGee, 220 AD2d 799, 801 ). 1998However, it is equally settled that a presumption of regularity attaches to all judicial proceedings, and the defendant bears the burden of rebutting that presumption (see, People v McGee, 220 AD2d 799, 801 ). | 2 | 1998–1999 |
Nolan v. Bureau of Assessors of New York City Finance Administration
green
2 sentences1994It is well settled that special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular, and legal, and that the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner (see, Matter of Pokoik v Incorporated Vil. of Ocean Beach, 143 AD2d 1021 ; Matter of Nolan v Bureau of Assessors, 31 NY2d 90 ). 1988It is well settled that special assessments are presumed to be valid, regular and legal and that the burden of rebutting the presumption falls upon the landowner, who must show that the properties assessed were not in fact benefited (see, Matter of Nolan v Bureau of Assessors, 31 NY2d 90 , mot to amend remittitur granted 31 NY2d 696 ). | 2 | 1988–1994 |
Borden's Farm Products Co. v. Baldwin
green
2 sentences1983A party alleging that a statute is unconstitutional has the burden of rebutting the presumption of constitutionality that attaches to all legislative enactments (Borden’s Co. v Baldwin, 293 US 194, 209 ; Cook v City of Binghamton, 48 NY2d 323, 330 ; Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 ; Paterson v University of State of N. Y., 14 NY2d 432, 438 ; see, also, McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes, § 150, subd b). 1983(Borden’s Co. v Baldwin, 293 US 194 ; Cook v City of Binghamton, 48 NY2d 323 .) Insofar as Con Ed’s due process claim is concerned, I am of the view that it has little merit. | 2 | 1983–1983 |
Cook v. City of Binghamton
green
2 sentences1983A party alleging that a statute is unconstitutional has the burden of rebutting the presumption of constitutionality that attaches to all legislative enactments (Borden’s Co. v Baldwin, 293 US 194, 209 ; Cook v City of Binghamton, 48 NY2d 323, 330 ; Matter of Van Berkel v Power, 16 NY2d 37, 40 ; Paterson v University of State of N. Y., 14 NY2d 432, 438 ; see, also, McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes, § 150, subd b). 1983(Borden’s Co. v Baldwin, 293 US 194 ; Cook v City of Binghamton, 48 NY2d 323 .) Insofar as Con Ed’s due process claim is concerned, I am of the view that it has little merit. | 2 | 1983–1983 |
People v. Junious
green
1 sentence2022In the context of recantation evidence, which "is inherently unreliable" ( People v Stanton , 200 AD3d 1307 , 1312 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lv denied 38 NY3d 954 [2022]), "the defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption of regularity that attached to the prior judicial proceeding by producing substantial evidence that the recanting witness's prior testimony was false" ( People v Stetin , 192 AD3d 1331, 1333 [3d Dept 2021] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Williams , 11 AD3d 810, 812 [3d Dept 2004], lv denied 4 NY3d | 1 | 2022–2022 |
People v. Velasquez
green
1 sentence2019Here, the defendant failed to rebut the presumption of regularity by demonstrating that he was, in fact, absent from the Sandoval hearing ( see People v Velasquez , 1 NY3d 44, 48 ; People v Badia , 130 AD3d at 746 ). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
Granger v. Misercola
green
1 sentence2019In other words, the incarcerated parent is not required to [*2]demonstrate that visitation is in the children's best interests; rather, it is the parent opposing prison visitation that bears the burden of rebutting the presumption favoring visitation ( see Matter of Granger v Misercola , 21 NY3d at 91-92 ; Matter of Leary v McGowan , 143 AD3d 1100, 1101 [2016]). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| People v. Badia green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| People v. Keyes green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| People v. Bridgeforth green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| People v. Perry green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| People v. Andrew green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Claim of Valentine v. American Airlines green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Langan v. St. Vincent's Hospital green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Clam Lake Development, Inc. v. Town Board green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| People v. Robinson green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| People v. DelRio green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| Sinicropi v. Town of Indian Lake green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| In re the Estate of Clinton green | 1 | 1994–1994 |
| Baglivi v. Town of Highlands green | 1 | 1994–1994 |
| Lipkin ex rel. Lipkin v. New York State Department of Social Services green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Wright v. Town Board green | 1 | 1988–1988 |
| Nolan v. Bureau of Assessors of New York City Finance Administration neutral | 1 | 1988–1988 |
| Wright v. Town Board green | 1 | 1988–1988 |
| On the Rox Liquors, Ltd. v. State Tax Commission green | 1 | 1987–1987 |
| People v. Lindo green | 1 | 1986–1986 |
| People v. Cooper green | 1 | 1986–1986 |
| People v. Coleman neutral | 1 | 1986–1986 |
| In re the Estate of Camarda green | 1 | 1985–1985 |
| Welch v. Henry green | 1 | 1983–1983 |
| Masocco v. Schaaf green | 1 | 1983–1983 |
| Paterson v. University of New York green | 1 | 1983–1983 |
| Van Berkel v. Power green | 1 | 1983–1983 |
| Riley v. . Hulbert neutral | 1 | 1980–1980 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.