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5 California opinions name it 1 courts 1974–2016 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Venegas v. County of Los Angelesgreen2 sentences2010In Venegas, supra, 32 Cal.4th 820 , a husband and wife brought a section 1983 action against a city, the city police department, one of its police officers, a county, the county sheriffs department, its sheriff and certain of its deputies, alleging unreasonable search and seizure. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 2 |
Gillan v. City of San Marinogreen2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
Asgari v. City of Los Angelesgreen2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
RITSCHEL v. City of Fountain Valleygreen2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
Ogborn v. City of Lancastergreen2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
Donald Saucier v. Elliot M. Katz and in Defense of Animalsred2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
Jones v. Kmart Corp.green2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
O'TOOLE v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Chavez v. Martinez
green
2 sentences2016Maldonado, and Spielbauer presented no departure from them. ( Chavez, supra, 538 U.S. at pp. 767-771; Maldonado, supra, 53 Cal.4th at pp. 1127-1129; Spielbauer, supra, 45 Cal.4th at pp. 714-715.) In Chavez, the United States Supreme Court addressed, in relevant part, the issue of qualified immunity in a civil rights suit brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . 2016The plaintiff alleged that his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination was violated when a police officer questioned him about a police shooting while he was at the hospital receiving medical treatment for the serious injuries sustained in the shooting. ( Chavez, supra, 538 U.S. at pp. 764-765.) While the plaintiff was not given a Miranda (Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 ) warning, he was also never charged with any crime and therefore, his answers were not used against him in criminal proceedings. | 1 | 2016–2016 |
Miranda v. Arizona
green
1 sentence2016The plaintiff alleged that his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination was violated when a police officer questioned him about a police shooting while he was at the hospital receiving medical treatment for the serious injuries sustained in the shooting. ( Chavez, supra, 538 U.S. at pp. 764-765.) While the plaintiff was not given a Miranda (Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436 ) warning, he was also never charged with any crime and therefore, his answers were not used against him in criminal proceedings. | 1 | 2016–2016 |
Maldonado v. Superior Court
green
1 sentence2016Maldonado, and Spielbauer presented no departure from them. ( Chavez, supra, 538 U.S. at pp. 767-771; Maldonado, supra, 53 Cal.4th at pp. 1127-1129; Spielbauer, supra, 45 Cal.4th at pp. 714-715.) In Chavez, the United States Supreme Court addressed, in relevant part, the issue of qualified immunity in a civil rights suit brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 . | 1 | 2016–2016 |
Pierson v. Ray
green
2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Duarte v. Healy
green
2 sentences2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. 2007The issue of qualified immunity raised in the present appeal was not before us or the Supreme Court. 18 See Venegas II, supra, 32 Cal.4th at page 850 (conc. opn. of Baxter, J.). 19 See Note, Qualified Immunity for Government Officials: The Problem of Unconstitutional Purpose in Civil Rights Litigation (1985) 95 Yale L.J. 126 , 129, footnote 10 (Qualified Immunity for Government Officials). 20 Pierson v. Ray (1967) 386 U.S. 547 [ 18 L.Ed.2d 288 , 87 S.Ct. 1213 ]. 21 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 22 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. at page 555 . 23 Pierson v. Ray, supra, 386 U.S. | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Rudi Acosta Alma Acosta v. City and County of San Francisco Daniel Yawczak
green
1 sentence2003By contrast, in a § 1983 action the factual matters underlying the judgment or reasonableness generally mean that probable cause is a question for the jury." ( McKenzie v. Lamb (9th Cir.1984) 738 F.2d 1005, 1007-1008 .) Qualified immunity shields officers from suits for damages under section 1983 if a reasonable officer could have believed the suspect's detention to be lawful, in light of clearly established law and the information the detaining officer possessed. ( Hunter v. Bryant (1991) 502 U.S. 224, 227 , 112 S.Ct. 534 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589, 595 .) Regardless of whether it is the judge or jury | 1 | 2003–2003 |
Hunter v. Bryant
green
2 sentences2003By contrast, in a § 1983 action the factual matters underlying the judgment or reasonableness generally mean that probable cause is a question for the jury." ( McKenzie v. Lamb (9th Cir.1984) 738 F.2d 1005, 1007-1008 .) Qualified immunity shields officers from suits for damages under section 1983 if a reasonable officer could have believed the suspect's detention to be lawful, in light of clearly established law and the information the detaining officer possessed. ( Hunter v. Bryant (1991) 502 U.S. 224, 227 , 112 S.Ct. 534 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589, 595 .) Regardless of whether it is the judge or jury 2003By contrast, in a § 1983 action the factual matters underlying the judgment or reasonableness generally mean that probable cause is a question for the jury." ( McKenzie v. Lamb (9th Cir.1984) 738 F.2d 1005, 1007-1008 .) Qualified immunity shields officers from suits for damages under section 1983 if a reasonable officer could have believed the suspect's detention to be lawful, in light of clearly established law and the information the detaining officer possessed. ( Hunter v. Bryant (1991) 502 U.S. 224, 227 , 112 S.Ct. 534 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589, 595 .) Regardless of whether it is the judge or jury | 1 | 2003–2003 |
Mckenzie v. Lamb
green
1 sentence2003By contrast, in a § 1983 action the factual matters underlying the judgment or reasonableness generally mean that probable cause is a question for the jury." ( McKenzie v. Lamb (9th Cir.1984) 738 F.2d 1005, 1007-1008 .) Qualified immunity shields officers from suits for damages under section 1983 if a reasonable officer could have believed the suspect's detention to be lawful, in light of clearly established law and the information the detaining officer possessed. ( Hunter v. Bryant (1991) 502 U.S. 224, 227 , 112 S.Ct. 534 , 116 L.Ed.2d 589, 595 .) Regardless of whether it is the judge or jury | 1 | 2003–2003 |
Pettitt v. Levy
green
1 sentence1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California
green
2 sentences1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. 1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp.
green
2 sentences1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. 1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Thornton v. Rhoden
green
2 sentences1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. 1974Thus, Deaile v. General Telephone Co. of California (1974) 40 Cal.App.3d 841 [ 115 Cal.Rptr. 582 ] dealt with the issue of qualified privilege accorded under section 47, subdivision 3, while Thornton v. Rhoden (1966) 245 Cal.App.2d 80 [ 53 Cal.Rptr. 706 , 23 A.L.R.3d 1152 ], Pettitt v. Levy, supra, 28 Cal.App.3d 484 , and Scott v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (1974) 37 Cal.App.3d 277 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 609 ] all came up on demurrer. | 1 | 1974–1974 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.