Delaware Code

12 Del. C. § 3302 (2026)

Degree of care; authorized investments [For application of this section, see 79 Del. Laws, c. 172, § 6]

✓ current as of May 2026
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(a) When investing, reinvesting, purchasing, acquiring, exchanging, retaining, selling and managing property for the benefit of another, a fiduciary shall act with the care, skill, prudence and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use to attain the purposes of the account. In making investment decisions, a fiduciary may consider the general economic conditions, the anticipated tax consequences of the investment and the anticipated duration of the account and the needs of the beneficiaries; when considering the needs of the beneficiaries, the fiduciary may take into account the financial needs of the beneficiaries as well as the beneficiaries' personal values, including the beneficiaries' desire to engage in sustainable investing strategies that align with the beneficiaries' social, environmental, governance or other values or beliefs of the beneficiaries.

(b) Within the limitations of the foregoing standard and considering individual investments as part of an overall investment strategy, a fiduciary is authorized to acquire every kind of property, real, personal or mixed, and every kind of investment, wherever located, whether within or without the United States, including, but not by way of limitation, bonds, debentures and other corporate obligations, stocks, preferred or common, shares or interests in common funds or common trust funds, securities of any open-end or closed-end management type investment company or investment trust registered under the Federal Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.), options, futures, warrants, limited partnership interests and life insurance. No investment made by a fiduciary shall be deemed imprudent solely because the investment is not specifically mentioned in this subsection.

(c) The propriety of an investment decision is to be determined by what the fiduciary knew or should have known at the time of the decision about:

(1) The inherent nature and expected performance of the investment portfolio;

(2) The limitations of the standard set forth in subsection (a) of this section; and

(3) The nature and extent of other investments and resources, whether held in trust or otherwise, available to the beneficiaries as they existed at the time of the decision; provided however, that the fiduciary shall have no duty to inquire as to the nature and extent of any such other investments and resources not held by the fiduciary, held by the fiduciary in a trust or trust account subject to the direction of an adviser or cotrustee authorized to direct the fiduciary with respect to investment decisions, within the meaning of § 3313(d) of this title, concerning the assets held in the trust or trust account, or held by the fiduciary in a trust or trust account where a cotrustee has exclusive authority with respect to investment decisions, within the meaning of § 3313(d) of this title, concerning the assets held in the trust or trust account.

Any determination of liability for investment performance shall consider the performance of the entire portfolio and such other factors as the fiduciary considered when the investment decision was made.

(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, a trustee who discloses the application of this subsection and the limitation of the trustee’s duties thereunder either in the governing instrument or in a separate writing delivered to each insured at the inception of a contract of life insurance or thereafter if prior to an event giving rise to a claim thereunder, may acquire or retain a contract of life insurance upon the life of the trustor or the trustor’s spouse, or both, without liability for a loss arising from the trustee’s failure to:

(1) Determine whether the contract is or remains a proper investment;

(2) Investigate the financial strength or changes in the financial strength of the life insurance company;

(3) Make a determination of whether to exercise any policy option available under the contract;

(4) Make a determination of whether to diversify such contracts relative to 1 another or to other assets, if any, administered by the trustee; or

(5) Inquire about changes in the health or financial condition of the insured or insureds relative to any such contract.

(e) Any fiduciary acting under a governing instrument shall not be liable to anyone whose interests arise from that instrument for breach of fiduciary duty for the fiduciary’s good faith reliance on the express provisions of such instrument. The standards set forth in this section may be expanded, restricted or eliminated by express provisions in a governing instrument.

(f) Where a bank or trust company acting in a fiduciary capacity invests trust funds in, or otherwise acquires an interest in, a common trust fund which it or 1 of its affiliates manages, as defined in § 23A of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. § 371c), the plan for such common trust fund shall be filed and recorded in the office of the Register in Chancery of the county in which is located the main office in Delaware of the bank or trust company which is the fiduciary for such trust funds.

(g) Fees may be charged for making an investment through a computerized or automated process, such as sweeping otherwise uninvested cash into a cash management vehicle, provided that the amount of such fees is disclosed on a continuing basis as a separate item on the regular periodic statements furnished to the beneficiaries of the account.

(h) A fiduciary is authorized, in the absence of an express provision to the contrary, whenever a law, regulation, governing instrument or order directs, requires, authorizes or permits investment in United States government obligations, to invest in those obligations, either directly or in the form of securities of, or other interests in, any open-end or closed-end management investment company or investment trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 847, 15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.), if the portfolio of that investment company or investment trust is limited to United States government obligations and to repurchase agreements fully collateralized by United States government obligations, which collateral shall be delivered to or held by the investment company or investment trust, either directly or through an authorized custodian.

(i) Except in the case of United States government obligations, which are treated in subsection (h) of this section above, the authority to invest in specified types of investments includes authorization to invest in any open-end or closed-end management investment company or investment trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (54 Stat. 847, 15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.), or in any common or collective trust fund established and maintained by a corporate fiduciary, if the portfolio of the investment company or investment trust, or of the common or collective trust fund, consists substantially of the specified types of investments and is otherwise in conformity with the laws of the State.

25 Del. Laws, c. 226, §  3;  Code 1915, §  3875;  37 Del. Laws, c. 259, §  140 Del. Laws, c. 230, §  1;  Code 1935, §  4401;  44 Del. Laws, c. 171, §  112 Del. C. 1953, §  3302;  64 Del. Laws, c. 141, §  365 Del. Laws, c. 422, §  572 Del. Laws, c. 5574 Del. Laws, c. 81, §§  1, 275 Del. Laws, c. 97, §  1879 Del. Laws, c. 172, §  281 Del. Laws, c. 320, § 4
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 15 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1962–2023 · leading case: Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443 (Del. 2000).
Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443 (Del. 2000). · cites it 4× “29 The Remaindermen rely on 12 Del. C. § 3302 to bolster their argument that the Trustees breached a fiduciary duty by not investing the Trust’s assets for the pur *449 pose of increasing its corpus.”
Cargill, Inc. v. JWH Special Circumstance LLC, 959 A.2d 1096 (Del. Ch. 2008). “See 12 Del. C. § 3302(a) (articulating the prudent person rule for trustees).”
Lockwood v. Ofb Corp., 305 A.2d 636 (Del. Ch. 1973). · cites it 2× “He says that the purchaser (Gladwin) was the only potential buyer willing to come to terms, and that the sale price was only slightly less than the value ($240,000) at which the property was last appraised in 1971.”
Wilmington Trust Co. v. Coulter, 200 A.2d 441 (Del. 1964). “The investment standards and powers of Trustees are laid down in 12 Del.C. § 3302 in the following language: "In acquiring, investing, reinvesting, exchanging, retaining.”
Pennsylvania Co. v. Wilmington Trust Co., 186 A.2d 751 (Del. Ch. 1962). “The legal test to be applied here is set forth in 12 Del.C. § 3302: "In * * * selling * * * property for the benefit of another, fiduciaries shall exercise the judgment and *756 care under the circumstances then prevailing, which men of prudence, discretion and intelligence…”
Bank of Delaware v. Clark, 249 A.2d 442 (Del. Ch. 1968). · cites it 2× “On January 12, 1967 the trustee filed its complaint seeking instructions with respect to the validity and effect of the renunciations and requesting permission to sell the trust assets and invest the proceeds in accordance with 12 Del.C. § 3302. The adult defendants and the…”
Opinion of the Justices, 358 A.2d 701 (Del. 1976). “Some of the facts pertinent to a complete response to your request are these: Is there a contract between the State and Farmers Bank covering moneys deposited? If so, what are its terms? In what amounts are daily deposits normally made? What balances are normally carried in the…”
Ray Wayne Lynch v. Frank Barba (Del. Ch. 2018). “A-8, Art. III, at 3. 20 Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443, 447 (Del.”
Ralph Paul Deputy v. Jay Christian Deputy (Del. Ch. 2020). “” 710 Jay managed the One Flintlock and Deputy Trust assets with the primary disloyal goal of appropriating them for himself.”
Christopher J. Tigani, Sr. v. Robert F. Tigani, Sr. & N.K.S. Distributors, Inc. (Del. Ch. 2021). “2002); see also 12 Del. C. § 3302(a) (“When investing . .”
Frieda Rogers v. Wilmington Trust Co. (3rd Cir. 2022). “17 And in any case, Wilmington Trust is incorrect because the District Court did not find Wilmington Trust under no duty to conduct tax planning. The language Wilmington Trust cites is from a preliminary hearing where the District Court expresses hesitancy about Premier’s theory.”
Texas Pac. Land Corp. v. Horizon Kinetics LLC (Del. Ch. 2023). “”); 12 Del. C. § 3302 (“When investing … for the benefit of another … the fiduciary may take into account the financial needs of the beneficiaries as well as the beneficiaries’ personal values, including the beneficiaries’ desire to engage in sustainable investing strategies…”
— 12 Del. C. § 3302(a) — 7 cases
Cargill, Inc. v. JWH Special Circumstance LLC, 959 A.2d 1096 (Del. Ch. 2008). “See 12 Del. C. § 3302(a) (articulating the prudent person rule for trustees).”
Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443 (Del. 2000). “29 The Remaindermen rely on 12 Del. C. § 3302 to bolster their argument that the Trustees breached a fiduciary duty by not investing the Trust’s assets for the pur *449 pose of increasing its corpus.”
Ray Wayne Lynch v. Frank Barba (Del. Ch. 2018). “A-8, Art. III, at 3. 20 Law v. Law, 753 A.2d 443, 447 (Del.”
Ralph Paul Deputy v. Jay Christian Deputy (Del. Ch. 2020). “” 710 Jay managed the One Flintlock and Deputy Trust assets with the primary disloyal goal of appropriating them for himself.”
Christopher J. Tigani, Sr. v. Robert F. Tigani, Sr. & N.K.S. Distributors, Inc. (Del. Ch. 2021). “2002); see also 12 Del. C. § 3302(a) (“When investing . .”
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