Tex. Codes » Insurance Code · TITLE 5. PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INTERESTS · SUBTITLE C. DECEPTIVE, UNFAIR, AND PROHIBITED PRACTICES · CHAPTER 541. UNFAIR METHODS OF COMPETITION AND UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES
Texas Codes

Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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Sec. 541.002. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:

(1) "Knowingly" means actual awareness of the falsity, unfairness, or deceptiveness of the act or practice on which a claim for damages under Subchapter D is based. Actual awareness may be inferred if objective manifestations indicate that a person acted with actual awareness.

(2) "Person" means an individual, corporation, association, partnership, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, Lloyd's plan, fraternal benefit society, or other legal entity engaged in the business of insurance, including an agent, broker, or adjuster.

Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Amended by:

Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 355 (H.B. 4030), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 37 cases (6 in the last 5 years), 2008–2025 · leading case: Wooley v. Lucksinger, 61 So. 3d 507 (La. 2011).
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Wooley v. Lucksinger, 61 So. 3d 507 (La. 2011). “21 § 2(a), recodified as Tex. Ins.Code § 541.002(2). *598 In pertinent part, former Art.”
Escuadra v. Geovera Specialty Ins., 739 F. Supp. 2d 967 (E.D. Tex. 2010). · cites it 3× “Tex. Ins.Code Ann. § 541.002 (Vernon *983 Supp.”
Texas Mut. Ins. Co. v. Ruttiger, 265 S.W.3d 651 (Tex. App. 2008). “Tex. Ins.Code Ann. § 541.002 (Vernon Supp.”
Messersmith v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins., 10 F. Supp. 3d 721 (N.D. Tex. 2014). “The closest viable claim in Coin Laundry’s petition is set out in a section on how Zimmer specifically violated the Texas Insurance Code.”
Texas Mut. Ins. Co. v. Morris, 287 S.W.3d 401 (Tex. App. 2009). “See Tex. Ins.Code Ann. § 541.002(1) (Vernon 2009) (defining “knowingly”).”
Wayne Michels v. Safeco Ins Co. of Indiana, 544 F. App'x 535 (5th Cir. 2013). “” Tex. Ins. Code Ann. § 541.002 (2). The Miehelses seem to concede that Womack’s role as an appraiser after they made their appraisal demand does not subject Womack to any liability.”
Kersh ex rel. Est. of Kersh v. UnitedHealthcare Ins., 946 F. Supp. 2d 621 (W.D. Tex. 2013). “Tex. Ins.Code §§ 541.002(2), 541.151. Plaintiff has adequately alleged all four elements.”
Centaurus Unity, LP v. Lexington Ins., 766 F. Supp. 2d 780 (S.D. Tex. 2011). “” Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(2) (emphasis added).”
Rankin Road, Inc. v. Underwriters at Lloyds of London, 744 F. Supp. 2d 630 (S.D. Tex. 2010). “” Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(2) (emphasis added); Campos v.”
Esteban v. State Farm Lloyds, 23 F. Supp. 3d 723 (N.D. Tex. 2014). · cites it 2× “Tex. Ins.Code Ann. §§ 541.002, 541.151 (stating collectively that a plaintiff could maintain an action against a person who engages in the business of insurance, including an adjuster); Garrison, 966 S.”
Centaurus Ashley, Lp v. Lexington Ins. Co., 791 F. Supp. 2d 559 (S.D. Tex. 2011). “Under the Texas Insurance Code, a “person” is defined as “an individual, corporation, association, partnership, reciprocal or interinsurance exchange, Lloyd’s plan, fraternal benefit society, or other legal entity engaged in the business of insurance, including an agent, broker,…”
England v. Liberty Mut. Ins., 831 F. Supp. 2d 1008 (S.D. Tex. 2011). “See Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(a) (defining "knowingly for purposes of the Code”); Doc.”
Show all 37 citing cases →
— Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(1) — 4 cases
Texas Mut. Ins. Co. v. Morris, 287 S.W.3d 401 (Tex. App. 2009). “See Tex. Ins.Code Ann. § 541.002(1) (Vernon 2009) (defining “knowingly”).”
Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London, Syndicate No. 2020, 1084, 2001, 457, 510, 2791, 2987, 3000, 1221, 5000 & Navigators Ins. Co. UK v. Prime Nat. Resources, Inc. (Tex. App. 2019).
Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London, Syndicate No. 2020, 1084, 2001, 457, 510, 2791, 2987, 3000, 1221, 5000 & Navigators Ins. Co. UK v. Prime Nat. Resources, Inc. (Tex. App. 2019).
The Jesus Church of Victoria Texas, Inc. v. Church Mut. Ins. Co. (S.D. Tex. 2022).
— Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(2) — 15 cases
Wooley v. Lucksinger, 61 So. 3d 507 (La. 2011). “21 § 2(a), recodified as Tex. Ins.Code § 541.002(2). *598 In pertinent part, former Art.”
Messersmith v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins., 10 F. Supp. 3d 721 (N.D. Tex. 2014). “The closest viable claim in Coin Laundry’s petition is set out in a section on how Zimmer specifically violated the Texas Insurance Code.”
Escuadra v. Geovera Specialty Ins., 739 F. Supp. 2d 967 (E.D. Tex. 2010). “Tex. Ins.Code Ann. § 541.002 (Vernon *983 Supp.”
Kersh ex rel. Est. of Kersh v. UnitedHealthcare Ins., 946 F. Supp. 2d 621 (W.D. Tex. 2013). “Tex. Ins.Code §§ 541.002(2), 541.151. Plaintiff has adequately alleged all four elements.”
Centaurus Unity, LP v. Lexington Ins., 766 F. Supp. 2d 780 (S.D. Tex. 2011). “” Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(2) (emphasis added).”
— Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(a) — 2 cases
England v. Liberty Mut. Ins., 831 F. Supp. 2d 1008 (S.D. Tex. 2011). “See Tex. Ins. Code § 541.002(a) (defining "knowingly for purposes of the Code”); Doc.”
Allstate Veh. & Prop. Ins. Co. v. Peter Reininger (Tex. App. 2020).
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