Vt. Stat. Ann. » Title 21 Chapter 5
Vermont Statutes Annotated

Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026
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Subchapter 006 : FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES

(Cite as: 21 V.S.A. § 495)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 110 cases (26 in the last 5 years), 1979–2026 · leading case: Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20 (Vt. 2008).
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Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20 (Vt. 2008). · cites it 18× “" Furthermore, she asserted that the State "is an employer under the definition of employer under 21 V.S.A. § 495," and that it was therefore "liable for the wrongful actions of Defendants .”
Payne v. Rozendaal, 520 A.2d 586 (Vt. 1986). · cites it 10× “21 V.S.A. § 495. We do not find the absence of a statutory directive concerning age discrimination to be dispositive of whether a public policy against such practices existed at the time of the discharges.”
Robertson v. Mylan Labs., Inc., 2004 VT 15 (Vt. 2004). · cites it 3× “As amended after plaintiff was terminated, the complaint in this case had three counts: (1) defendants Govil, Bertek and Mylan Laboratories committed unlawful employment practices in violation of the Vermont Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA), 21 V.S.A. § 495 et seq., in…”
Lavalley v. E.B. & A.C. Whiting Co., 692 A.2d 367 (Vt. 1997). · cites it 12× “§ 2000e-2(e)(1); 21 V.S.A. § 495(a). A disparate-treatment claim does not fail, however, merely because a plaintiff cannot point to an employer policy that explicitly treats women, or pregnant women, different from other employees.”
Gallipo v. City of Rutland, 656 A.2d 635 (Vt. 1994). · cites it 6× “§ 1983 , was an unlawful employment practice under 21 V.S.A. § 495, violated provisions of the City charter and the City's personnel regulations, interfered with his contractual and business relations, and intentionally inflicted emotional distress upon him.”
State v. G.S. Blodgett Co., 656 A.2d 984 (Vt. 1995). · cites it 5× “” 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1). The handicapped discrimination provisions under VFEPA are patterned after § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.”
Ross v. Times Mirror, Inc., 665 A.2d 580 (Vt. 1995). · cites it 3× “1977) (bad faith termination to prevent salesperson from obtaining earned commission actionable under breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing).”
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n v. State, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 136 A.3d 188 (Vt. 2015). · cites it 9× “21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(7) (establishing elements of violation of unfair employment practice); see Belfi, 191 F.”
Stevenson v. Superior Court, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6918 (Cal. 1997). · cites it 2× “§ 34-35-6 ; Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495 (c); Va. Code Ann.”
Mellin v. Flood Brook Union Sch. Dist., 790 A.2d 408 (Vt. 2001). · cites it 2× “Plaintiff contends the trial court erred by dismissing her claims against the school defendants 1 for (1) disability discrimination in violation of Vermont’s Fair Employment Practices Act (“VFEPA”), 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1); (2) retaliation for requesting accommodations for her…”
Baker v. State, 744 A.2d 864 (Vt. 1999). · cites it 2× “See 21 V.S.A. § 495 (employment); 9 V.S.A. § 4503 (housing); 8 V.”
Hodgdon v. Mt. Mansfield Co., Inc., 624 A.2d 1122 (Vt. 1992). · cites it 2× “” 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1). It provides that any person aggrieved by a violation of the Act may bring an action to seek “damages or equitable relief, including restraint of prohibited acts, restitution of wages or other benefits, reinstatement, costs, reasonable attorney’s fees and…”
Show all 110 citing cases →
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(2) — 1 case
Human Rights v. Human Resources (Vt. Super. Ct. 2025).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a) — 15 cases
Robertson v. Mylan Labs., Inc., 2004 VT 15 (Vt. 2004). “As amended after plaintiff was terminated, the complaint in this case had three counts: (1) defendants Govil, Bertek and Mylan Laboratories committed unlawful employment practices in violation of the Vermont Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA), 21 V.S.A. § 495 et seq., in…”
Schnabel v. Nordic Toyota, Inc., 721 A.2d 114 (Vt. 1998).
Lavalley v. E.B. & A.C. Whiting Co., 692 A.2d 367 (Vt. 1997). “§ 2000e-2(e)(1); 21 V.S.A. § 495(a). A disparate-treatment claim does not fail, however, merely because a plaintiff cannot point to an employer policy that explicitly treats women, or pregnant women, different from other employees.”
Ross v. Times Mirror, Inc., 665 A.2d 580 (Vt. 1995). “1977) (bad faith termination to prevent salesperson from obtaining earned commission actionable under breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing).”
Foote v. Simmonds Precision Prods. Co., 613 A.2d 1277 (Vt. 1992).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(1) — 33 cases
Lavalley v. E.B. & A.C. Whiting Co., 692 A.2d 367 (Vt. 1997). “§ 2000e-2(e)(1); 21 V.S.A. § 495(a). A disparate-treatment claim does not fail, however, merely because a plaintiff cannot point to an employer policy that explicitly treats women, or pregnant women, different from other employees.”
Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20 (Vt. 2008). “" Furthermore, she asserted that the State "is an employer under the definition of employer under 21 V.S.A. § 495," and that it was therefore "liable for the wrongful actions of Defendants .”
State v. G.S. Blodgett Co., 656 A.2d 984 (Vt. 1995). “” 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1). The handicapped discrimination provisions under VFEPA are patterned after § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.”
Mellin v. Flood Brook Union Sch. Dist., 790 A.2d 408 (Vt. 2001). “Plaintiff contends the trial court erred by dismissing her claims against the school defendants 1 for (1) disability discrimination in violation of Vermont’s Fair Employment Practices Act (“VFEPA”), 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1); (2) retaliation for requesting accommodations for her…”
Gallipo v. City of Rutland, 656 A.2d 635 (Vt. 1994). “§ 1983 , was an unlawful employment practice under 21 V.S.A. § 495, violated provisions of the City charter and the City's personnel regulations, interfered with his contractual and business relations, and intentionally inflicted emotional distress upon him.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(5) — 4 cases
Gallipo v. City of Rutland, 656 A.2d 635 (Vt. 1994). “§ 1983 , was an unlawful employment practice under 21 V.S.A. § 495, violated provisions of the City charter and the City's personnel regulations, interfered with his contractual and business relations, and intentionally inflicted emotional distress upon him.”
Gallipo v. City of Rutland, 2005 VT 83 (Vt. 2005).
Ross v. Times Mirror, Inc., 665 A.2d 580 (Vt. 1995). “1977) (bad faith termination to prevent salesperson from obtaining earned commission actionable under breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing).”
Tobin v. Maier Elec., Inc. (Vt. Super. Ct. 2014).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(7) — 4 cases
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n v. State, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 136 A.3d 188 (Vt. 2015). “21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(7) (establishing elements of violation of unfair employment practice); see Belfi, 191 F.”
Delbrocco v. State (Vt. Super. Ct. 2021).
Human Rights v. Human Resources (Vt. Super. Ct. 2025).
Vt. Human Rights Comm'n v. State of Vermont (Vt. Super. Ct. 2014).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(7)(A) — 3 cases
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n v. State, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 136 A.3d 188 (Vt. 2015). “21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(7) (establishing elements of violation of unfair employment practice); see Belfi, 191 F.”
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n, Lynne Silloway, Mary Bertrand & Lisa DeBlois v. State of Vermont, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 2015 VT 138 (Vt. 2015).
Vt. Human Rights Comm'n v. State of Vermont (Vt. Super. Ct. 2014).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(7)(A)(iv) — 3 cases
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n v. State, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 136 A.3d 188 (Vt. 2015). “21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(7) (establishing elements of violation of unfair employment practice); see Belfi, 191 F.”
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n, Lynne Silloway, Mary Bertrand & Lisa DeBlois v. State of Vermont, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 2015 VT 138 (Vt. 2015).
Vt. Human Rights Comm'n v. State of Vermont (Vt. Super. Ct. 2014).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8) — 10 cases
Robertson v. Mylan Labs., Inc., 2004 VT 15 (Vt. 2004). “As amended after plaintiff was terminated, the complaint in this case had three counts: (1) defendants Govil, Bertek and Mylan Laboratories committed unlawful employment practices in violation of the Vermont Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA), 21 V.S.A. § 495 et seq., in…”
Paul Westcott v. MacK Molding, Co., Inc., 2024 VT 85 (Vt. 2024).
Berger v. Root (Vt. Super. Ct. 2025).
Guyon v. Intake Advantage, Inc. (Vt. Super. Ct. 2015).
Wood v. City of Barre (Vt. Super. Ct. 2016).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8)(A) — 3 cases
Paul Westcott v. MacK Molding, Co., Inc., 2024 VT 85 (Vt. 2024).
gates v. mack molding (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024).
Davis v. Vt State Colleges (Vt. Super. Ct. 2026).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8)(A)(iv) — 1 case
Vermont Human Rights Comm'n v. State, Dep't of Corr. & Dep't of Human Servs., 136 A.3d 188 (Vt. 2015). “21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(7) (establishing elements of violation of unfair employment practice); see Belfi, 191 F.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8)(B) — 1 case
Cole v. Foxmar Inc., 387 F. Supp. 3d 370 (D. Vt. 2019).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8)(C) — 1 case
Paul Westcott v. MacK Molding, Co., Inc., 2024 VT 85 (Vt. 2024).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(a)(8)(E) — 1 case
gates v. mack molding (Vt. Super. Ct. 2024).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(b) — 1 case
Cobb v. Dufresne-Henry, Inc., 603 F. Supp. 1048 (D. Vt. 1985).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 21, § 495(d)(6) — 1 case
State v. G.S. Blodgett Co., 656 A.2d 984 (Vt. 1995). “” 21 V.S.A. § 495(a)(1). The handicapped discrimination provisions under VFEPA are patterned after § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.”
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